The document summarizes key aspects of the Mesozoic Era when dinosaurs ruled the Earth. It describes the three periods (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous), the types of plants and animals that existed during this time, including early dinosaurs. It then focuses on the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, believed to have been caused by an asteroid impact. The impact would have caused global climate changes through atmospheric effects that disrupted ecosystems and food chains.
The Mesozoic Era lasted from about 250 to 65 million years ago. It is known as the Age of Dinosaurs, as non-avian dinosaurs dominated terrestrial landscapes. The era saw the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea into smaller continents and dramatic climate changes from dry conditions in the Triassic to warmer, more humid periods in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Life diversified during this time, though many species went extinct at the end of the era when an asteroid impact wiped out the dinosaurs and many other forms of life.
The Cenozoic Era began 65 million years ago after the extinction of the dinosaurs. During this era, mammals diversified and grew larger to fill ecological niches as the dominant land animals. Birds also flourished. The era is divided into periods and epochs where species evolved or went extinct based on environmental changes. During the Paleogene period after dinosaurs, mammals and birds were small but evolved into ancestors of modern groups. In the Neogene, grasslands expanded and large mammals like horses and rhinos evolved. The Pleistocene ice ages drove many large mammals like mammoths and saber-toothed cats to extinction. The current Holocene epoch since the last ice age has seen human impacts drive further extinctions.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Cambrian and Ordovician periods. During the Cambrian, most major animal phyla first appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian Explosion. The continents were drifting apart and life was dominated by invertebrates like trilobites. The Ordovician saw continued diversification of life with mollusks and arthropods dominating the seas and the first jawed fish evolving, while life on land remained limited. Both periods ended with major extinction events.
Aquí tenemos un trabajo sobre el triásico, donde encontraremos bastante información sobre este (en inglés).
Donde pone by, podeis poner vuestros nombres. ;-)
The document summarizes the three periods of the Mesozoic Era: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. The Triassic was the first period of the Age of Reptiles, seeing the evolution of ammonites and the flourishing of ferns and cycads. Dinosaurs thrived on land during the Jurassic, while the first bird appeared. The longest Cretaceous Period saw an abundance of armored and horned dinosaurs, as well as flying reptiles and the first angiosperms.
The document outlines the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into standardized eon, era, period, and epoch units. It describes the major events that occurred during each period such as the emergence of life, evolution of plants and animals, mass extinction events, and more. The geologic time scale is based on analyzing the fossil record and dating the ages of rocks and sediments to correlate transitions in life forms with absolute time.
The document summarizes the Geologic Time Scale which divides Earth's history into units including eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It describes the three main eras:
1) The Paleozoic Era (544-251 million years ago) which was dominated by invertebrates and saw the rise of fish and amphibians on land and sea.
2) The Mesozoic Era (251-65 million years ago) which was dominated by reptiles like dinosaurs and saw the rise of mammals and the breakup of Pangaea.
3) The ongoing Cenozoic Era (past 65 million years) which is the "Age of Mammals" and
The document summarizes key aspects of the Mesozoic Era when dinosaurs ruled the Earth. It describes the three periods (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous), the types of plants and animals that existed during this time, including early dinosaurs. It then focuses on the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, believed to have been caused by an asteroid impact. The impact would have caused global climate changes through atmospheric effects that disrupted ecosystems and food chains.
The Mesozoic Era lasted from about 250 to 65 million years ago. It is known as the Age of Dinosaurs, as non-avian dinosaurs dominated terrestrial landscapes. The era saw the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea into smaller continents and dramatic climate changes from dry conditions in the Triassic to warmer, more humid periods in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Life diversified during this time, though many species went extinct at the end of the era when an asteroid impact wiped out the dinosaurs and many other forms of life.
The Cenozoic Era began 65 million years ago after the extinction of the dinosaurs. During this era, mammals diversified and grew larger to fill ecological niches as the dominant land animals. Birds also flourished. The era is divided into periods and epochs where species evolved or went extinct based on environmental changes. During the Paleogene period after dinosaurs, mammals and birds were small but evolved into ancestors of modern groups. In the Neogene, grasslands expanded and large mammals like horses and rhinos evolved. The Pleistocene ice ages drove many large mammals like mammoths and saber-toothed cats to extinction. The current Holocene epoch since the last ice age has seen human impacts drive further extinctions.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Cambrian and Ordovician periods. During the Cambrian, most major animal phyla first appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian Explosion. The continents were drifting apart and life was dominated by invertebrates like trilobites. The Ordovician saw continued diversification of life with mollusks and arthropods dominating the seas and the first jawed fish evolving, while life on land remained limited. Both periods ended with major extinction events.
Aquí tenemos un trabajo sobre el triásico, donde encontraremos bastante información sobre este (en inglés).
Donde pone by, podeis poner vuestros nombres. ;-)
The document summarizes the three periods of the Mesozoic Era: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. The Triassic was the first period of the Age of Reptiles, seeing the evolution of ammonites and the flourishing of ferns and cycads. Dinosaurs thrived on land during the Jurassic, while the first bird appeared. The longest Cretaceous Period saw an abundance of armored and horned dinosaurs, as well as flying reptiles and the first angiosperms.
The document outlines the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into standardized eon, era, period, and epoch units. It describes the major events that occurred during each period such as the emergence of life, evolution of plants and animals, mass extinction events, and more. The geologic time scale is based on analyzing the fossil record and dating the ages of rocks and sediments to correlate transitions in life forms with absolute time.
The document summarizes the Geologic Time Scale which divides Earth's history into units including eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It describes the three main eras:
1) The Paleozoic Era (544-251 million years ago) which was dominated by invertebrates and saw the rise of fish and amphibians on land and sea.
2) The Mesozoic Era (251-65 million years ago) which was dominated by reptiles like dinosaurs and saw the rise of mammals and the breakup of Pangaea.
3) The ongoing Cenozoic Era (past 65 million years) which is the "Age of Mammals" and
The geological time scale records 4.6 billion years of Earth's history divided into eras, periods, and epochs based on studying rock layers and fossils. It begins with the Precambrian era which covers 88% of Earth's history. The timescale includes the Paleozoic era of ancient life dominated by invertebrates like trilobites; the Mesozoic era of middle life dominated by dinosaurs and the breakup of Pangaea; and the ongoing Cenozoic era of recent life dominated by mammals including the evolution of humans.
The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into different eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil and stratigraphic evidence. It describes the four eons of Earth's history starting with the Hadean and Archean eons of the earliest lifeforms like bacteria. It then outlines the major eras - Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - describing some of the significant lifeforms, events, and environmental changes that occurred during each period within these eras. The largest unit of the geological time scale is the eon, while the smallest is the epoch.
The Paleozoic Era started 542 million years ago with the emergence of complex life forms and ended 251 million years ago with the largest mass extinction the world has ever experienced.
The document discusses five major mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history. It provides details on the timing, affected organisms, and hypothesized causes for each extinction. The largest was the Permian-Triassic extinction 252 million years ago, in which over 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates died off, possibly due to one or more factors including asteroid impact, volcanism, and climate change. Subsequent extinctions discussed are the Ordovician-Silurian, Late Devonian, Triassic-Jurassic, and Cretaceous-Tertiary events. Each had significant impacts on biodiversity and the dominant lifeforms on Earth.
This document provides an overview of geological time scales and the evolution of Earth. It discusses the units used to measure geological time, from milliseconds to eons. It describes the key events and periods that make up the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. Methods for constructing the geological time scale are also summarized, drawing on evidence from fossils, radioactive dating, and other sources. Overall, the document serves as a reference for understanding Earth's structural and tectonic development through deep time.
The document provides an overview of Earth's geological time scale by dividing it into four eons and their associated eras and periods. Each section includes 3 key points about the dominant conditions, lifeforms, tectonic events of that time period. The time scale ranges from 4.6 billion years ago in the Hadean Eon to the present day Quaternary Period.
The document summarizes the evolution of the horse over 50 million years from Eohippus to modern Equus. Key stages included Mesohippus which lived 38 million years ago in North America and had 3 toes, with the middle toe larger. Merychippus originated 12-6 million years ago and was the first single-toed horse with strong legs to increase speed and power. Pliohippus resembled a pony and lived in the late Miocene period in North America, being considered a direct link to modern Equus horses.
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into sections called eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on major changes. It describes several important periods including the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. The Paleozoic era saw the first appearance of hard-shelled animals and plants colonizing land. It ended in a mass extinction event. The Mesozoic era was dominated by reptiles such as dinosaurs, until another mass extinction wiped them out. The current Cenozoic era is when mammals and eventually humans evolved.
The document provides information about the Cambrian Period, which began around 543 million years ago and ended around 490 million years ago. It describes the Cambrian Period as a time of the "Cambrian Explosion" when most major animal phyla first appeared in the fossil record over a relatively short period of time. The document outlines the dominant life forms, climate, tectonic setting, stratigraphy, localities, and subdivisions of the Cambrian Period.
The document summarizes key aspects of human evolution, including:
1) Primates started evolving around 75-60 million years ago, with humans and apes diverging from a common ancestor around 25-30 million years ago.
2) Early humans likely originated in Central Asia, based on where the oldest fossils have been found.
3) Early hominid species included Orrorin tugenensis from 6-5 million years ago, Sahelanthropus tchadensis from 7-6 million years ago, and Ardipithecus from 4.4-5.6 million years ago.
4) Australopithecus, the first "ape man", lived from 4
The document summarizes dinosaurs and their extinction. It describes how dinosaurs evolved from archosaurs during the Triassic period over 230 million years ago. It classifies dinosaurs into two main orders - Saurischia and Ornithischia - and describes some of the major groups of dinosaurs like theropods, sauropods, ornithopods and ceratopsians. It also discusses how birds evolved from small feathered theropod dinosaurs. Evidence from fossilized nests, eggs and footprints provide clues about dinosaur life histories, ecology and possible parental care behaviors. The document concludes by outlining theories for the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs around 66 million years ago.
Evolution is a developmental process from simple to complex form of life. Evolution of elephant started 60mya, from size of a pig. It spread all over world especially Africa and Asia. Today only two species Loxodonta and Elephas exist.
This document summarizes the evolution of man from early primate ancestors like Propliopithecus through different hominin species like Homo erectus, Neanderthals, and Cro-Magnon man. Key transitional species discussed include Australopithecus, which had characteristics of both apes and humans, and Homo erectus, considered the first true humans. Neanderthals were an advanced primitive species that lived in Europe and West Asia until around 25,000 years ago, while Cro-Magnon man was a extinct modern human that originated around 3 million years ago.
The Paleozoic Era lasted from 543 to 248 million years ago. It was divided into seven periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian. Major events included the diversification of multi-celled animal life in the Cambrian and a mass extinction at the end of the Paleozoic that wiped out 90% of marine species. Life colonized land during this era, with plants, fungi and insects moving ashore.
The fossil record provides evidence of evolution by showing progressive changes in species over time. Layers of sedimentary rock often contain fossils, with newer layers covering older ones. When fossils are arranged in order of age, there is a progression of species that are more similar to present-day forms the younger the fossils are. Transitional fossils also provide evidence, showing characteristics between ancestral and descendant groups, such as Archaeopteryx which displayed features of both birds and their dinosaur ancestors.
The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time. Geologists have divided Earth's history into a series of time intervals. These time intervals are not equal in length like the hours in a day. Instead the time intervals are variable in length. This is because geologic time is divided using significant events in the history of the Earth.
The Mesozoic Era began 245 million years ago after a mass extinction and was subdivided into the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. It ended approximately 66 million years ago with another major mass extinction. During the Triassic, new types of animals emerged to fill empty ecological niches following the last extinction event, including the earliest dinosaurs. The Jurassic saw the rise of large herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs, as well as flying reptiles and the earliest birds and mammals. The Cretaceous period ended with a mass extinction that wiped out all non-avian dinosaurs and many other land and sea creatures.
This document provides instructions for a student webquest on the Mesozoic Era. Students are asked to create a timeline of the three Mesozoic eras and three posters describing each era's creatures, plants, climate, and time period. The resource page http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/ is provided to help students complete the Microsoft PowerPoint project, which should include pictures and facts about each Mesozoic era. Students will be evaluated based on creativity, accuracy of information, and proper use of PowerPoint.
The geological time scale records 4.6 billion years of Earth's history divided into eras, periods, and epochs based on studying rock layers and fossils. It begins with the Precambrian era which covers 88% of Earth's history. The timescale includes the Paleozoic era of ancient life dominated by invertebrates like trilobites; the Mesozoic era of middle life dominated by dinosaurs and the breakup of Pangaea; and the ongoing Cenozoic era of recent life dominated by mammals including the evolution of humans.
The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into different eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil and stratigraphic evidence. It describes the four eons of Earth's history starting with the Hadean and Archean eons of the earliest lifeforms like bacteria. It then outlines the major eras - Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - describing some of the significant lifeforms, events, and environmental changes that occurred during each period within these eras. The largest unit of the geological time scale is the eon, while the smallest is the epoch.
The Paleozoic Era started 542 million years ago with the emergence of complex life forms and ended 251 million years ago with the largest mass extinction the world has ever experienced.
The document discusses five major mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history. It provides details on the timing, affected organisms, and hypothesized causes for each extinction. The largest was the Permian-Triassic extinction 252 million years ago, in which over 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates died off, possibly due to one or more factors including asteroid impact, volcanism, and climate change. Subsequent extinctions discussed are the Ordovician-Silurian, Late Devonian, Triassic-Jurassic, and Cretaceous-Tertiary events. Each had significant impacts on biodiversity and the dominant lifeforms on Earth.
This document provides an overview of geological time scales and the evolution of Earth. It discusses the units used to measure geological time, from milliseconds to eons. It describes the key events and periods that make up the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. Methods for constructing the geological time scale are also summarized, drawing on evidence from fossils, radioactive dating, and other sources. Overall, the document serves as a reference for understanding Earth's structural and tectonic development through deep time.
The document provides an overview of Earth's geological time scale by dividing it into four eons and their associated eras and periods. Each section includes 3 key points about the dominant conditions, lifeforms, tectonic events of that time period. The time scale ranges from 4.6 billion years ago in the Hadean Eon to the present day Quaternary Period.
The document summarizes the evolution of the horse over 50 million years from Eohippus to modern Equus. Key stages included Mesohippus which lived 38 million years ago in North America and had 3 toes, with the middle toe larger. Merychippus originated 12-6 million years ago and was the first single-toed horse with strong legs to increase speed and power. Pliohippus resembled a pony and lived in the late Miocene period in North America, being considered a direct link to modern Equus horses.
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into sections called eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on major changes. It describes several important periods including the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. The Paleozoic era saw the first appearance of hard-shelled animals and plants colonizing land. It ended in a mass extinction event. The Mesozoic era was dominated by reptiles such as dinosaurs, until another mass extinction wiped them out. The current Cenozoic era is when mammals and eventually humans evolved.
The document provides information about the Cambrian Period, which began around 543 million years ago and ended around 490 million years ago. It describes the Cambrian Period as a time of the "Cambrian Explosion" when most major animal phyla first appeared in the fossil record over a relatively short period of time. The document outlines the dominant life forms, climate, tectonic setting, stratigraphy, localities, and subdivisions of the Cambrian Period.
The document summarizes key aspects of human evolution, including:
1) Primates started evolving around 75-60 million years ago, with humans and apes diverging from a common ancestor around 25-30 million years ago.
2) Early humans likely originated in Central Asia, based on where the oldest fossils have been found.
3) Early hominid species included Orrorin tugenensis from 6-5 million years ago, Sahelanthropus tchadensis from 7-6 million years ago, and Ardipithecus from 4.4-5.6 million years ago.
4) Australopithecus, the first "ape man", lived from 4
The document summarizes dinosaurs and their extinction. It describes how dinosaurs evolved from archosaurs during the Triassic period over 230 million years ago. It classifies dinosaurs into two main orders - Saurischia and Ornithischia - and describes some of the major groups of dinosaurs like theropods, sauropods, ornithopods and ceratopsians. It also discusses how birds evolved from small feathered theropod dinosaurs. Evidence from fossilized nests, eggs and footprints provide clues about dinosaur life histories, ecology and possible parental care behaviors. The document concludes by outlining theories for the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs around 66 million years ago.
Evolution is a developmental process from simple to complex form of life. Evolution of elephant started 60mya, from size of a pig. It spread all over world especially Africa and Asia. Today only two species Loxodonta and Elephas exist.
This document summarizes the evolution of man from early primate ancestors like Propliopithecus through different hominin species like Homo erectus, Neanderthals, and Cro-Magnon man. Key transitional species discussed include Australopithecus, which had characteristics of both apes and humans, and Homo erectus, considered the first true humans. Neanderthals were an advanced primitive species that lived in Europe and West Asia until around 25,000 years ago, while Cro-Magnon man was a extinct modern human that originated around 3 million years ago.
The Paleozoic Era lasted from 543 to 248 million years ago. It was divided into seven periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian. Major events included the diversification of multi-celled animal life in the Cambrian and a mass extinction at the end of the Paleozoic that wiped out 90% of marine species. Life colonized land during this era, with plants, fungi and insects moving ashore.
The fossil record provides evidence of evolution by showing progressive changes in species over time. Layers of sedimentary rock often contain fossils, with newer layers covering older ones. When fossils are arranged in order of age, there is a progression of species that are more similar to present-day forms the younger the fossils are. Transitional fossils also provide evidence, showing characteristics between ancestral and descendant groups, such as Archaeopteryx which displayed features of both birds and their dinosaur ancestors.
The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time. Geologists have divided Earth's history into a series of time intervals. These time intervals are not equal in length like the hours in a day. Instead the time intervals are variable in length. This is because geologic time is divided using significant events in the history of the Earth.
The Mesozoic Era began 245 million years ago after a mass extinction and was subdivided into the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. It ended approximately 66 million years ago with another major mass extinction. During the Triassic, new types of animals emerged to fill empty ecological niches following the last extinction event, including the earliest dinosaurs. The Jurassic saw the rise of large herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs, as well as flying reptiles and the earliest birds and mammals. The Cretaceous period ended with a mass extinction that wiped out all non-avian dinosaurs and many other land and sea creatures.
This document provides instructions for a student webquest on the Mesozoic Era. Students are asked to create a timeline of the three Mesozoic eras and three posters describing each era's creatures, plants, climate, and time period. The resource page http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/ is provided to help students complete the Microsoft PowerPoint project, which should include pictures and facts about each Mesozoic era. Students will be evaluated based on creativity, accuracy of information, and proper use of PowerPoint.
The Cretaceous Period lasted from 144 to 65 million years ago. It saw the rise of flowering plants and the end of the dinosaurs. During this period, the continents continued to drift apart from the single landmass of Pangea. New groups of mammals, birds, and insects appeared while dinosaurs like T-Rex and Triceratops dominated on land. In the oceans, marine reptiles like plesiosaurs and mosasaurs were abundant. By the end of the Cretaceous, a mass extinction wiped out the dinosaurs and many other species.
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
The Jurassic period occurred around 150-200 million years ago. It was home to many iconic dinosaurs like the Archaeopteryx, Dilophosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Stegosaurus. The Archaeopteryx was an early bird that lived in Germany and may have been able to fly or glide. The Dilophosaurus was a speedy carnivore that lived in Arizona. The huge herbivorous Brachiosaurus lived in Colorado and Tanzania. Finally, the armored Stegosaurus inhabited Wyoming and Utah. The Jurassic period eventually ended, making way for the Cretaceous period.
The document discusses plate tectonics and how it has shaped the Earth's surface over geologic time. It describes how the Earth's crust is made up of large plates that move over convection currents in the mantle. When plates diverge new crust forms as magma rises, and when they converge mountains can form through collision or subduction zones can create volcanoes. It then outlines the four eras of geologic time - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - and some of the key events and lifeforms that emerged during each era, which ultimately gave the Earth its current shape and features through mountain building and erosion.
Topic 4.2 evaluating biodiversity and vulnerabilityMichael Smith
This document discusses factors that lead to biodiversity loss and vulnerabilities of ecosystems. It specifically focuses on rainforests, which are vulnerable due to low resilience to disturbance, evolution in stable conditions, high biodiversity including rare species, high demand for their resources, slow succession, and thin nutrient-poor soils. The document also discusses biodiversity hotspots, green politics, mass extinction events including the possible current sixth mass extinction driven by human activity, and characteristics that make some species more prone to extinction.
Summary of Topic 4.1 - biodiversity in ecosystemsMichael Smith
1. Biodiversity refers to the variety of species, habitats, and genetic diversity present in an ecosystem. Species diversity is the number of species, habitat diversity is the variety of habitats, and genetic diversity is the genetic variation within a species.
2. Plate tectonics, natural selection, and reproductive isolation influence biodiversity. Plate tectonics causes land masses to move over millions of years, isolating populations and allowing new species to form through allopatric speciation. Natural selection leads to evolution as individuals with traits better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes.
3. Ecosystem stability depends on resilience, diversity, and inertia. More complex ecosystems with high
El Mesozoico se extendió por 180 millones de años desde hace 250 millones de años hasta hace 65 millones de años, fue un periodo cálido y húmedo que se divide en Triásico, Jurásico y Cretácico. Aparecieron los primeros dinosaurios y mamíferos y hubo una gran diversificación de especies, mientras que el supercontinente Pangea se fragmentó en los continentes actuales. Finalmente, un impacto de meteorito causó una extinción masiva incluyendo a los dinosaurios no avianos.
Millions of years ago, dinosaurs lived on Earth for over 165 million years in many different forms, from huge to small, and some could move quickly on two legs while others walked slowly on four legs. Herbivorous dinosaurs like diplodocus ate plants, while carnivorous dinosaurs like velociraptors and T-Rex preyed on meat. Eventually, dinosaurs mysteriously became extinct, and all that remains are fossils discovered in the earth and rock.
The document discusses several theories about what caused the extinction of dinosaurs. One theory is that a severe ice age caused temperatures and water levels to drop dramatically, creating conditions dinosaurs could not survive. Another popular theory is that an asteroid impact wiped out the dinosaurs. The document also describes different types of dinosaurs, including herbivorous and carnivorous species, and what types of plants and other dinosaurs they preyed upon in the food chain.
El documento describe el diseño de un contador binario de hasta 60 utilizando circuitos JK. Se divide en dos contadores, uno para las unidades del 0-9 y otro para las decenas del 0-5. Se presentan tablas de estados, excitación y ecuaciones de Karnaugh para cada contador, y diagramas del circuito completo sin y con un codificador BCD-display de 7 segmentos. El objetivo de contar hasta 60 se logra exitosamente aunque el proceso de diseño lógico fue complejo debido a la gran cantidad de conexiones.
The document summarizes the major periods of life on Earth from the Precambrian Era to present day. It describes five major mass extinctions that occurred over this time span. Key events included the Cambrian Explosion of complex life around 540 million years ago, the rise and dominance of dinosaurs in the Mesozoic Era before their extinction 66 million years ago, and the evolution of modern humans in the Quaternary Period beginning around 2 million years ago. The document uses fossils and geological evidence to reconstruct the history of life on our planet over the past 4.5 billion years.
The document summarizes the major geological time periods from the Hadean Eon to the present Holocene Epoch. It describes key environmental conditions and evolutionary developments that occurred during each period. The Hadean saw the formation of Earth's early hot molten surface. Life first emerged in the Archean Eon as simple single-celled organisms. Oxygen began accumulating in the Proterozoic with the rise of photosynthetic bacteria. Complex multicellular life evolved during the Cambrian explosion, which began the Phanerozoic Eon of visible life. Mammals became dominant in the Cenozoic after the K-T extinction wiped out the dinosaurs. The Holocene covers modern human history over
The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into different eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil and stratigraphic evidence. It describes the four eons of Earth's history starting with the Hadean and Archean eons of the earliest lifeforms like bacteria. It then outlines the major eras - Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - describing some of the significant lifeforms, events, and environmental changes that occurred during each period within these eras. The largest unit of the geological time scale is the eon, while the smallest is the epoch.
The document summarizes the Geologic Time Scale which divides Earth's history into units including eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It describes the four main eras as: Precambrian covering 88% of Earth's history; Paleozoic defined as the "Age of Fish"; Mesozoic the "Age of Reptiles"; and Cenozoic the "Age of Mammals" which continues to today. Key events and lifeforms that characterized each era are outlined, such as trilobites and early plants in the Paleozoic, dinosaurs in the Mesozoic, and the rise of mammals in the Cenozoic.
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective[1] is to precisely define global chronostratigraphic units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC)[2] that are used to define divisions of geologic time. The chronostratigraphic divisions are in turn used to define geochronologic units.[2]
The Paleozoic Era spans from 544 to 245 million years ago, covering six periods including the Cambrian through the Permian. It saw the emergence of abundant animal life during the Cambrian Explosion and the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea. Plant life reached its peak during the Carboniferous period. The Paleozoic ended with a mass extinction event, wiping out most species.
The geologic time scale divides Earth's history into standardized units and provides a framework to organize geological events. It subdivides into eons like the Phanerozoic, which began 542 million years ago and marked the rise of abundant fossils. Each eon contains eras like the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic that are further divided into periods and epochs defined by changes in dominant life forms. The history of life on Earth began with bacteria over 3.8 billion years ago and evolved through major transitions like the rise of oxygen, multicellular life, plants and animals on land, dinosaurs, mammals, and ultimately humans. Mass extinctions periodically wiped out large portions of life
The document discusses the Geologic Time Scale which divides Earth's history into units of time based on fossils and rock layers. It describes the four main eras - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. The Paleozoic era saw the rise of invertebrates and fish, the Mesozoic was the age of reptiles including dinosaurs, and the Cenozoic is the current era which began after the extinction of the dinosaurs and saw the rise of mammals and humans.
The document summarizes the Cenozoic Era from 65.5 million years ago to present. It is divided into two unequal periods: the Tertiary and Quaternary. The Tertiary spans 65-1.8 million years ago and is further divided into the Paleogene and Neogene periods. The Paleogene includes the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene epochs, seeing the rise of modern mammals. The Neogene includes the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, bringing cooler climates and the expansion of grasslands. The Quaternary spans the last 1.8 million years to present, seeing the origin of human ancestors and modern animals.
The Mesozoic Era spanned from 252 to 66 million years ago and was dominated by dinosaurs. It consisted of three periods - the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. The Triassic saw the emergence and diversification of reptiles including early dinosaurs. The Jurassic was dominated by dinosaurs like Stegosaurus and Brachiosaurus. The Cretaceous saw advanced dinosaurs including Tyrannosaurus rex and Triceratops. The Mesozoic ended in a mass extinction event likely caused by an asteroid impact and volcanic activity that wiped out the dinosaurs and most other species.
1) The document discusses the geological time scale which is used to divide Earth's history into standardized units including eras, periods, and epochs.
2) Scientists have studied rocks and fossils worldwide to develop the time scale and determine how life has changed over time on Earth.
3) Major events in Earth's history like asteroid impacts have caused mass extinctions and influenced the conditions and diversity of life.
The document discusses the Geological Time Scale which is used to divide Earth's history into eras, periods and epochs based on fossil and rock evidence. It describes the major eras - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic - along with key environmental conditions and lifeforms that existed during each era, noting major extinction events. The timeline shows how life on Earth has evolved and changed dramatically over its approximately 4.5 billion year history.
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective[1] is to precisely define global chronostratigraphic units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC)[2] that are used to define divisions of geologic time. The chronostratigraphic divisions are in turn used to define geochronologic units.[2]
While some regional terms are still in use,[3] the table of geologic time presented in this article conforms to the nomenclature, ages, and color codes set forth by the ICS as this is the standard, reference global geologic time scale – the International Geological Time Scale.[1][
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil evidence. Major developments include the Cambrian explosion of life 540 million years ago, the rise of dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era, and the dominance of mammals including early humans in the Cenozoic era following the extinction of dinosaurs.
The geologic time scale is a system used to describe Earth's history by dividing it into units of time based on changes in lifeforms and rock layers. It begins over 4.6 billion years ago with the formation of Earth and extends to the present. Major divisions include eons like the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, eras like the Paleozoic and Cenozoic, and periods like the Jurassic and Quaternary. Life began as single-celled organisms and evolved over billions of years to include complex plants and animals, with major extinction events periodically wiping out many species. The current geologic period is the Quaternary, which began over 2 million years ago and includes the evolution
The Paleozoic Era spans from 544 to 245 million years ago, beginning shortly after a global ice age. It includes six periods and witnesses the emergence of abundant fossils during the Cambrian Explosion. Throughout the Paleozoic, the continents were fragmented but eventually collided into a supercontinent called Pangaea by the late Paleozoic. Life evolved from simple organisms to include fish, amphibians, and early reptiles. The era ended with a mass extinction event paving the way for the Mesozoic Era.
This document provides an overview of Earth's geological eras from the Precambrian era to the present-day Cenozoic era. It summarizes key events, organisms, and environmental changes that occurred during each period, including the Cambrian explosion of life, the rise of the dinosaurs in the Mesozoic, and the evolution and dominance of mammals in the Cenozoic following the extinction of the dinosaurs. The document is structured as a timeline with brief 3-4 sentence descriptions for each major period within each era.
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into units of time based on changes in lifeforms and geology. It describes the largest divisions as eons, which are divided into eras, then periods and epochs. Key periods mentioned include the Carboniferous when coal plants formed coal deposits, the Permian which saw the largest mass extinction, the Jurassic when dinosaurs and mammals emerged, and the Cretaceous when dinosaurs went extinct. The document also briefly outlines the major eras and periods in Earth's history from the earliest Cryptozoic Eon to the current Cenozoic Era.
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into sections including eons, eras, periods and epochs. The largest section is the eon, with the Precambrian and Phanerozoic eons covering over 4 billion years of history. Key events mentioned include the first life forms in the Archean era, marine invertebrates in the Proterozoic, and the rise of dinosaurs, mammals and modern life forms in the Phanerozoic. Several important periods are highlighted such as the Carboniferous, Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
The document provides a timeline of major geological eras and periods from the formation of Earth 4.6 billion years ago to present day. It describes how scientists divided Earth's history into a geological time scale based on studying rock layers and fossils. The eons, eras, periods and epochs are outlined, with key events noted such as the first life in the Archean Era, mass extinctions in the Permian and Cretaceous periods, and the rise of mammals and humans in the Cenozoic Era. Major periods like the Carboniferous, Jurassic, and Quaternary are highlighted for their significance.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
5. Triassic Period
245 - 206 million years ago
• Immediately after the Permian Mass
Extinction
• Lots of new area is open for animals to
live
• Reptiles are really successful here
• Triassic climate is relatively cool
10. The Jurassic Period
206 - 144 Million Years Ago
• Continents were still together forming
Pangaea but they were starting to drift apart.
• The minor extinction at the end of the Triassic
Period made dinosaurs abundant during this
time.
• The climate here was very hot and dry
15. The Cretaceous Period
144 - 66 million years ago
• The last period when Dinosaurs lived
• Ends with a mass extinction around 66
million years ago
• First flowering plant appeared
18. Summary
Mesozoic era
• Witnesses gradual rifting of Pangaea
• Climate varied from hot and humid to cold
one
• Evolution, dominance and extinction of
non-avian dinosaurs
• Appearance of first bird
• Appearance of mammals