Mesopotamian Art
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GemaThe document discusses important works of Mesopotamian art from various periods including the Standard of Ur from the Sumerian period, the ziggurat of the Sumerian city of Ur, sculptures from the Assyrian period including a lion hunt relief and Lamassu sculptures, the Ishtar Gate and ziggurat from the Neo-Babylonian period, and reliefs from the Persepolis Palace from the 6th century BC.
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The document summarizes later Mesopotamian art from the Hittites of Anatolia to the Persian Empire between 1400 BCE to 500 BCE. It describes the Lion Gate of the Hittite city of Hattusha from 1400 BCE and various Assyrian palaces from 900-600 BCE including wall reliefs from the palaces of Assurnasirpal II and Sargon II. It also mentions the reconstruction of Babylon in the 6th century BCE and the Ishtar Gate under Nebuchadnezzar before concluding with the Persian Empire.
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Djoser was an Egyptian pharaoh who reigned in the 3rd dynasty. Under his vizier Imhotep, he commissioned the construction of the Step Pyramid complex at Saqqara, one of the earliest monumental buildings constructed entirely of stone. The Step Pyramid was an innovative design that introduced new architectural elements like cartouches, canopic jars, and shawabti figures. Ramesses II built a massive temple at Abu Simbel in Nubia to commemorate his victories and assert control over trade routes. The temple was carefully constructed so that on two days of the year, rays of sun would illuminate the inner sanctuaries. In the 1960s, the temple was threatened
mesopotamian art.ppt
Mesopotamian art spanned several ancient civilizations along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians. Sumerian art featured sculptures with stylized figures and relief work on objects like the Standard of Ur. Akkadian art assimilated Sumerian styles like the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin depicting military campaigns. Assyrian art specialized in narrative stone reliefs that decorated palaces and included scenes from the Palace of Ashurbanipal. Babylonians excelled at glazed tile sculptures and rebuilt the Ishtar Gate originally from the Temple of Bel.
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Mesopotamian art featured repetitive motifs, simplified figures, and curled beards in bas-relief sculptures carved into flat surfaces. Some notable examples include the Lamassu bas-relief guardians from 715 BC Assyrian palaces and the 600 BC Gates of Ishtar in Babylon with animal reliefs, which was one of the Ancient Wonders of the World. Common art forms included ritual objects, representations of rulers and states, and personal possessions dating back to statuettes from 2600 BC like the Standard of Ur and a ram caught in a thicket.
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1. The document provides an overview of art from the Ancient Near East, beginning with Sumerian civilization and continuing through Persian and Sasanian periods. It examines the development of cities, writing, and organized religion in Sumer and how this influenced art and architecture.
2. Mesopotamian art is then discussed, highlighting styles, materials, and subject matter in sculptures, seals, and reliefs depicting religion and mythology. The roles of later Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, Hittite, and Assyrian cultures are also evaluated.
3. The document concludes by exploring Persian and Sasanian art, including ruins at Persepolis and rock
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The document summarizes later Mesopotamian art from the Hittites of Anatolia to the Persian Empire between 1400 BCE to 500 BCE. It describes the Lion Gate of the Hittite city of Hattusha from 1400 BCE and various Assyrian palaces from 900-600 BCE including wall reliefs from the palaces of Assurnasirpal II and Sargon II. It also mentions the reconstruction of Babylon in the 6th century BCE and the Ishtar Gate under Nebuchadnezzar before concluding with the Persian Empire.
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mesopotamian art.ppt
Mesopotamian art spanned several ancient civilizations along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians. Sumerian art featured sculptures with stylized figures and relief work on objects like the Standard of Ur. Akkadian art assimilated Sumerian styles like the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin depicting military campaigns. Assyrian art specialized in narrative stone reliefs that decorated palaces and included scenes from the Palace of Ashurbanipal. Babylonians excelled at glazed tile sculptures and rebuilt the Ishtar Gate originally from the Temple of Bel.
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Mesopotamian art featured repetitive motifs, simplified figures, and curled beards in bas-relief sculptures carved into flat surfaces. Some notable examples include the Lamassu bas-relief guardians from 715 BC Assyrian palaces and the 600 BC Gates of Ishtar in Babylon with animal reliefs, which was one of the Ancient Wonders of the World. Common art forms included ritual objects, representations of rulers and states, and personal possessions dating back to statuettes from 2600 BC like the Standard of Ur and a ram caught in a thicket.
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The document provides an overview of art and architecture in the ancient Near East from the Neolithic period through the Persian and Sassanian eras. It discusses the rise of cities and writing in Sumer, as well as Sumerian religion, society, and art forms like cylinder seals, statues, and the Standard of Ur. It then covers later Mesopotamian civilizations like Akkadia, Babylon, Assyria, and the Hittites. Architecture is discussed, such as ziggurats, temples, and fortifications. Art forms presented include sculpture, seals, reliefs, and paintings. The document concludes with the Persian Empire's Persepolis complex and Sassanian art featuring
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- Ancient Indian art included Buddhist rock-cut architecture and sculptures from the Satavahana era around the 2nd century BC.
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El Tratado de Versalles de 1919 estableció la culpabilidad de Alemania por la Primera Guerra Mundial, obligándola a pagar reparaciones y perder territorio. También reorganizó el mapa de Europa con la creación de nuevas naciones y la desaparición de cuatro imperios, e intentó mantener la paz a través de la nueva Sociedad de Naciones y controlar la expansión del comunismo con un cinturón de países anticomunistas.
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Este documento resume las causas y el desarrollo de la Primera Guerra Mundial entre 1914 y 1918. Las principales causas fueron las rivalidades entre las potencias europeas, la carrera armamentística y las tensiones en los Balcanes. La guerra comenzó tras el atentado de Sarajevo y se desarrolló inicialmente como una guerra de movimientos, luego se estabilizó en trincheras entre 1915 y 1917, hasta que Estados Unidos entró en la guerra y los países centrales se rindieron en 1918.
Revolución Francesa2.pptx
La Revolución Francesa tuvo varias fases, comenzando con los Estados Generales en 1789 y terminando con el establecimiento del Consulado bajo Napoleón en 1799. Las causas incluyeron las ideas de la Ilustración, problemas económicos como la bancarrota real y las malas cosechas, y agravios sociales. Eventos clave fueron la toma de la Bastilla, la abolición de los privilegios feudales, y la ejecución del rey Luis XVI, lo que llevó a regímenes más radicales como la Conven
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The document discusses key concepts about the Earth's rotation, revolution, cardinal directions, time zones, and methods for representing the Earth's surface through maps, parallels, meridians, latitude and longitude. Specifically, it notes that the Earth rotates on its axis in slightly less than 24 hours, causing days and nights. It revolves around the sun in 365 days, causing the seasons. Time zones divide the Earth into 24 zones running north to south by meridians to coordinate time. Maps are flat representations that inevitably distort the true spherical surface. Parallels and meridians are lines that circle the globe horizontally and vertically, with the equator and Greenwich meridian being the most famous examples. Latitude is the distance north
Unidad 5 - Sección 2: Reinos Cristianos (Renacer Ciudades)
1) Los reinos cristianos avanzaron hacia el sur en los siglos XI-XII, conquistando Toledo, Zaragoza y Tortosa, pero los almorávides y almohades frenaron este avance.
2) La batalla de las Navas de Tolosa en 1212 permitió la consolidación cristiana hasta el Guadiana, Guadalquivir y Murcia.
3) Portugal se independizó de León bajo Alfonso Henriques.
Unit 5: Rebirth of Cities - Section 2 - Christian Kingdoms
1) The Christian Kingdoms advanced south into al-Andalus in the 11th-12th centuries, taking Toledo in 1085 and reaching the rivers Tajo and Ebro. This was halted by the Almoravids and Almohads.
2) After defeating the Almohads at Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, the Christian Kingdoms continued advancing south, reaching the rivers Guadiana and Guadalquivir in the west and modern-day Murcia in the east.
3) The last remaining kingdom was the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, occupying parts of Cadiz, Malaga, Granada and Almeria.
Unidad 5: El Renacer de las Ciudades_2022
Este documento resume el resurgir de las ciudades que tuvo lugar durante la Alta Edad Media (siglos XI-XIII). 1) Las ciudades crecieron en número y tamaño debido a las nuevas técnicas agrarias que aumentaron la producción y la población. 2) Los campesinos llevaban sus excedentes a las ciudades para venderlos y comprar otros productos, lo que impulsó la economía urbana y la aparición de gremios, mercados y ferias. 3) También hubo cambios políticos como la creación
Unit 5: Rebirth of Cities_2022
The document summarizes the rebirth of cities in Europe during the High Middle Ages from the 11th to 13th centuries. Agricultural innovations like the triennial rotation and iron plough increased food production and allowed the population to grow from 36 to 80 million. The surplus population moved to cities to sell extra crops and buy goods, stimulating new industries and the rise of trade guilds and international fairs. This urban growth produced a new social class, the bourgeoisie, and led to political changes like the establishment of parliaments. Culturally, this era saw the rise of Gothic architecture, universities, and more realistic paintings and sculptures.
Arte Prehistórico
El arte prehistórico incluye el arte paleolítico y neolítico. El arte paleolítico apareció hace 35,000 años y consistía en pinturas realistas de animales en el interior de cuevas, mientras que el arte neolítico apareció alrededor de 8000 a.C. e incluía escenas esquemáticas de animales y figuras humanas pintadas en refugios rocosos.
Unit 4 (part 2): The Creation of the Christian Kingdoms
1) The Kingdom of Asturias originated from Don Pelayo defeating the Muslims in 722 at the Battle of Covadonga and establishing himself as a local leader. Over time, the Kingdom expanded and its capital was moved to Leon, becoming the Kingdom of Leon.
2) The Kingdom of Leon originated from the expanded former Kingdom of Asturias. Castile began as a county vassal to Leon, located in the east defending it from Muslim attacks. In the 10th century, the Count of Castile gained independence.
3) The County of Castile gained independence in the 10th century after originally being a vassal county of the Kingdom of Leon, located in the east defending it
Unit 4: Feudalism
Feudalism emerged in Europe in the 9th century after the fall of the Carolingian Empire. Kings granted lands and authority to nobles in exchange for military support. This led to the rise of a feudal system where society was divided into estates. Nobles received fiefs divided into demesne and holdings. Peasants lived on these lands and paid rents and taxes. Feudal relationships were based on oaths of loyalty between lords and vassals. Feudalism shaped politics, society, and the arts during the Middle Ages in Europe.
Unidad 4: Formación Reinos Cristianos
1) El Reino de Asturias surgió luego de que Don Pelayo derrotara a los musulmanes en la Batalla de Covadonga en 722. Más tarde, el reino se expandió y pasó a llamarse Reino de León.
2) El Condado de Castilla originalmente fue un condado vasallo del Reino de León, pero en el siglo X el conde Fernán González proclamó su independencia.
3) Carlomagno creó la Marca Hispánica como zona defensiva contra los musulmanes, dando origen a varios
Unidad 4: Feudalismo
El documento habla sobre el feudalismo en Europa. Explica que el feudalismo surgió en el siglo IX después de la muerte de Carlomagno debido a las luchas internas en el Imperio Carolingio y los ataques externos. El feudalismo consistía en que los monarcas débiles pedían ayuda a los nobles a cambio de tierras, creando una relación de vasallaje. La sociedad feudal estaba dividida en estamentos y los privilegiados eran la nobleza y el clero.
Climates - Cards
The equatorial climate is located near the equator between 0-15 degrees north and south. It has high, stable temperatures around 25-27 degrees C with very abundant and regular rainfall over 2000mm per year supporting lush rainforests with tall trees. The tropical climate is located between 15-25 degrees north and south, also with high temperatures over 18 degrees C but with alternating rainy and dry seasons and rainfall between 500-2000mm supporting savannas with grasslands and isolated trees. The hot desert climate is located on the tropics near cold currents and inland areas with very high daytime temperatures and cold nights, very scarce and irregular rainfall under 250mm per year supporting almost no vegetation except for oasis with date palms
Climas - Cartas
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de climas alrededor del mundo, incluyendo el clima ecuatorial, tropical, desértico cálido, mediterráneo, oceánico, continental, polar y de alta montaña. Para cada clima, se especifican su ubicación, temperaturas, precipitaciones y vegetación características.
Unit 3: al-Andalus
The document provides information about al-Ándalus from the 8th to 15th centuries. It begins with a timeline of the different phases: Conquest, Dependent Emirate, Independent Emirate, Caliphate of Córdoba, Taifa kingdoms, Almoravids, Almohads, and the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. It then discusses the Muslim conquest in the 8th century, the causes of their success, their only defeat at Covadonga, and the terms of the Treaty of Teodomiro. Subsequent sections cover the political independence of the Emirate of Córdoba, the establishment of the Caliphate, the reign of Almanzor,
Unidad 3: al-Ándalus
Este documento resume la historia de al-Ándalus desde la conquista musulmana en el siglo VIII hasta la caída del último reino musulmán en Granada en 1492. Incluye las distintas fases como el Emirato Dependiente de Damasco, el Emirato Independiente de Córdoba establecido por Abd al-Rahman I, el Califato de Córdoba bajo cuyo mandato alcanzó su máximo esplendor, los reinos de taifas posteriores a su desintegración, y los imperios norteafricanos de los
Unidad 2: Islam
Este documento resume la unidad 2 sobre el Islam. Explica la vida en la península arábiga antes del Islam, la figura de Mahoma y sus enseñanzas, los cinco pilares del Islam, normas de comportamiento, los inicios del Islam con la Hégira, los cuatro periodos del Califato y sus dinastías y capitales, las conquistas, la estructura política con el Califa, el Visir y el Emir, la economía, sociedad, ciencia, arte y la planta básica de una mezquita.
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