Here is an example of developing performance standards for a topic in language and communication development based on Bloom's New Taxonomy:
Topic: Listening comprehension
Remembering: The student can recall specific facts and details from an oral text.
Understanding: The student can summarize key ideas and events from an oral text in their own words.
Applying: The student can follow multi-step oral instructions to complete a task.
Analyzing: The student can identify the main idea and supporting details of an oral text and explain how they are related.
Evaluating: The student can critique an oral argument by identifying strong and weak points.
Creating: The student can synthesize information from multiple oral sources
cONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION PROCESSING
2.0 MAJOR THEORIES ON INFORMATION PROCESSING
2.1. STAGE MODEL
2.2 LEVELS-OF-PROCESSING THEORY
2.3 PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING THEORY (PDP)
2.4 CONNECTIONISTIC MODELS
3.0 SENSORY INFORMATION PROCESSING
3.1 AUDITORY INFORMATION PROCESSING
3.2 VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING
4.0 ATTENTION
4.1 DIVIDED ATTENTION
4.2 AUTOMATICITY PROCESSING
5.0 HUMAN ERROR
5.1 WHY WE MAKE ERROR?
cONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION PROCESSING
2.0 MAJOR THEORIES ON INFORMATION PROCESSING
2.1. STAGE MODEL
2.2 LEVELS-OF-PROCESSING THEORY
2.3 PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING THEORY (PDP)
2.4 CONNECTIONISTIC MODELS
3.0 SENSORY INFORMATION PROCESSING
3.1 AUDITORY INFORMATION PROCESSING
3.2 VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING
4.0 ATTENTION
4.1 DIVIDED ATTENTION
4.2 AUTOMATICITY PROCESSING
5.0 HUMAN ERROR
5.1 WHY WE MAKE ERROR?
Definition, Determinants of Perception, Organizing factors in Perception, Nature of Perception, Relation between Illusion and Hallucination, Problem of uniformity in perception.
Perception: The process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain.
Factors of Perception.
Kinds of Perception
Laws of Perceptual Organisation
Types of Perceptual Constancy
Illusion:Something that looks or seems different from what it is something that is false or not real but that seems to be true or real.
All above information is included in presentation/
Good Luck
Definition, Determinants of Perception, Organizing factors in Perception, Nature of Perception, Relation between Illusion and Hallucination, Problem of uniformity in perception.
Perception: The process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain.
Factors of Perception.
Kinds of Perception
Laws of Perceptual Organisation
Types of Perceptual Constancy
Illusion:Something that looks or seems different from what it is something that is false or not real but that seems to be true or real.
All above information is included in presentation/
Good Luck
The Art of Effective Learning throws light on Metacognition,a new branch of Neuroscience which smoothely unfolds the different theories of Learning & the scientific sequence & Process through which the process of Learning takes place.
Hope it adds to the quota of Knowledge.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Theory about Memory
• “a memory system is defined in
terms of its brain mechanisms,
the kind of information it
processes, and the principles
of its operation”
– Schacter and Tulving (as cited in Driscoll,
2001)
4. The belief in the interaction of new
information with stored information...
• bottom-up system • top-down system
5. The Stage Model
• Traditionally, the most widely used
model of information processing is the
stage theory model, based on the work
of Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968).
–sensory memory
– short-term or working memory
–long-term memory
6. Sensory memory
• Sensory memory represents the initial stage of
stimuli perception. It is associated with the
senses, and there seems to be a separate
section for each type of sensual perception,
each with its own limitations and devices.
7. Attention and automaticity
are the two major influences
on sensory memory, and much
work has been done to
understand the impact of each
on information processing.
8. ATTENTION
• “limitations in our perceptual
processing and response
generation: to attend to one this
is to not attend to others”- Suthers
(1996)
9. AUTOMATICITY
• “When tasks are over learned or
sources of information become
habitual, to the extent that their
attention requirements are minimal,
automaticity has occurred”- Driscoll
(2001)
10. Short-term
Memory
• This stage is often viewed as active or
conscious memory because it is the part
of memory that is being actively
processed while new information is being
taken in.
• 15-30 seconds if other action is not
taken.
11. Long-term memory
• “is that more permanent store
in which information can
reside in a dormant state –
out of mind and unused –
until you fetch it back into
consciousness” –Abbot (2002)
12. In order to incorporate new
information, long-term memory must
be in communication with short-term
memory and must be dynamic
13.
14. Information is sensed, perceived and
attended to
Information is stored for either a brief of extended period
of time depending upon the processes following encoding
Information is brought back at the appropriate
time and reactivate for use on current tasks
15. Cognition is the encoding,
structuring, storing,
retrieving, using, or
otherwise learning
knowledge (Neisser, 1967)
16.
17.
18.
19.
20. The mind is not a vessel to
be filled, but a fire to be
ignited.
(Plutarch)
21. Original Terms New Terms
• Evaluation
• Synthesis
• Analysis
• Application
• Comprehension
• Knowledge
•Creating
•Evaluating
•Analysing
•Applying
•Understanding
•Remembering
(Based on Pohl, 2000, Learning to Think, Thinking to Learn, p. 8)
22. Remembering
The learner is able to recall, restate and
remember learned information.
– Recognising
– Listing
– Describing
– Identifying
– Retrieving
– Naming
– Locating
– Finding
23. Remembering content
• List
• Memorise
• Relate
• Show
• Locate
• Distinguish
• Give example
• Reproduce
• Quote
• Repeat
• Label
• Recall
• Know
• Group
• Read
• Write
• Outline
• Listen
• Group
• Choose
• Recite
• Review
• Quote
• Record
• Match
• Select
• Underline
• Cite
• Sort
Recall or
recognition of
specific
information
25. Understanding
The learner grasps the meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been
learned.
– Interpreting
– Exemplifying
– Summarising
– Inferring
– Paraphrasing
– Classifying
– Comparing
– Explaining
26. Understanding content
• Restate
• Identify
• Discuss
• Retell
• Research
• Annotate
• Translate
• Give examples of
• Paraphrase
• Reorganise
• Associate
• Describe
• Report
• Recognise
• Review
• Observe
• Outline
• Account for
• Interpret
• Give main
idea
• Estimate
• Define
Understanding of
given
information
28. Applying
The learner makes use of information in a context different
from the one in which it was learned.
– Implementing
– Carrying out
– Using
– Executing
29. Applying content
• Translate
• Manipulate
• Exhibit
• Illustrate
• Calculate
• Interpret
• Make
• Practice
• Apply
• Operate
• Interview
• Paint
• Change
• Compute
• Sequence
• Show
• Solve
• Collect
• Demonstrate
• Dramatise
• Construct
• Use
• Adapt
• Draw
Using strategies,
concepts, principles and
theories in new
situations
31. Analysing
The learner breaks learned information into its parts to
best understand that information.
– Comparing
– Organising
– Deconstructing
– Attributing
– Outlining
– Finding
– Structuring
– Integrating
32. Analysing content
• Distinguish
• Question
• Appraise
• Experiment
• Inspect
• Examine
• Probe
• Separate
• Inquire
• Arrange
• Investigate
• Sift
• Research
• Calculate
• Criticize
• Compare
• Contrast
• Survey
• Detect
• Group
• Order
• Sequence
• Test
• Debate
• Analyse
• Diagram
• Relate
• Dissect
• Categorise
• Discriminate
Breaking
information down
into its component
elements
37. Creating
The learner creates new ideas and information
using what has been previously learned.
– Designing
– Constructing
– Planning
– Producing
– Inventing
– Devising
– Making
38. Creating content
• Compose
• Assemble
• Organise
• Invent
• Compile
• Forecast
• Devise
• Propose
• Construct
• Plan
• Prepare
• Develop
• Originate
• Imagine
• Generate
• Formulate
• Improve
• Act
• Predict
• Produce
• Blend
• Set up
• Devise
• Concoct
• Compile
Putting together ideas or
elements to develop a
original idea or engage
in creative thinking.
40. A good teacher makes you
think even when you don’t
want to.
(Fisher, 1998, Teaching Thinking)
41. Questions for Remembering
• What happened after...?
• How many...?
• What is...?
• Who was it that...?
• Can you name ...?
• Find the definition of…
• Describe what happened after…
• Who spoke to...?
• Which is true or false...?
42. Questions for Understanding
• Can you explain why…?
• Can you write in your own words?
• How would you explain…?
• Can you write a brief outline...?
• What do you think could have happened next...?
• Who do you think...?
• What was the main idea...?
• Can you clarify…?
• Can you illustrate…?
• Does everyone act in the way that …….. does?
43. Questions for Applying
• Do you know of another instance where…?
• Can you group by characteristics such as…?
• Which factors would you change if…?
• What questions would you ask of…?
• From the information given, can you develop a
set of instructions about…?
44. Question for Analysing
• Which events could not have happened?
• If. ..happened, what might the ending have been?
• How is...similar to...?
• What do you see as other possible outcomes?
• Why did...changes occur?
• Can you explain what must have happened when...?
• What are some or the problems of...?
• Can you distinguish between...?
• What were some of the motives behind..?
• What was the turning point?
• What was the problem with...?
45. Questions for Evaluating
• Is there a better solution to...?
• Judge the value of... What do you think about...?
• Can you defend your position about...?
• Do you think...is a good or bad thing?
• How would you have handled...?
• What changes to.. would you recommend?
• Do you believe...? How would you feel if. ..?
• How effective are. ..?
• What are the consequences..?
• What influence will....have on our lives?
• What are the pros and cons of....?
• Why is ....of value?
• What are the alternatives?
• Who will gain & who will loose?
46. Questions for Creating
• Can you design a...to...?
• Can you see a possible solution to...?
• If you had access to all resources, how would you deal
with...?
• Why don't you devise your own way to...?
• What would happen if ...?
• How many ways can you...?
• Can you create new and unusual uses for...?
• Can you develop a proposal which would...?
47. EXCERCISE
1
• Think of a topic in Language and Communication
Development and literacy (Listening, Reading, Speaking or
writing)
2
• Develop performance standards that manifests
Bloom’s New Taxonomy (RUAAEC)
• Label each (what topic? And it’s performance
standards and what level in Bloom’s Taxonomy it
belongs to?