The document defines and analyzes urban waste in New York City. It proposes quantifying waste by developing a model using waste collection data from the Department of Sanitation and consumption data from private companies. The analysis finds that total NYC waste has remained relatively constant from 2010-2014, with the largest amounts generated in Brooklyn and Queens. There is a positive correlation between median household income and waste amounts across boroughs except the Bronx. The document also discusses limitations and opportunities to improve waste quantification over time.
Jeremy Bird, Director General of IWMI, discusses the huge water management challenges facing India and shows how IWMI’s research can contribute to effective and sustainable solutions.
Today I will talk about water problems ,everybody as know that water is very important resource to live for alive organisms..the earth is consist of 70% with water..in nowdays water problems have been increasing ,so it can causes some problems in the world..first of all I wanna talk about the types of water problems .there are 3 types of water problems biological,chemical,physician ,biological… biological water problem means bacterica and viruses … inside the water some dangerous bacterias and parasites can cause serious diseases in people in direct contact with this contaminated water. This might include people drinking, swimming or washing in the contaminated water and extremely serious and contagious diseases..second one is chemical water problem it means throwing away nuclear oil ,heavy metals and radioactive spells..actually it happens in industry section.. third one is physicial water problems it means throwing away bottles or waster plastic bags..also this cause the dirtiness of water .
.causes of the water problems … there are actually three basic causes to make the water problem in the world..nuclear oil ,throwing waster bottle,wasting lots of water…nuclear oil it means in industry section fabrics and many industry instructions to flow the oil and smoke ,so it cause water problem..and also throwing waster bottles make the dirty to the water … the last the wasting lots of water also cause water problems ,because today most of country worry about less water..
Effects of water problems..
In the world water pollution is the big problem ,its effects is very dangerous … for example poisoing food and water ,desease and even death… Globally, more than 1 million children under 5 die each year from diarrheal disease
the effects of water pollution are not only devasting to people but also to animals ,fish and birds ..polluted water is unsuitable for drinking ..
In addition every problems have the solution way ,also water problems have 3 basic solution way ,planting trees,ran off,and don’t throwing away wasted substaces like bottles bags etc..planting trees are cause to prevent the land erosion and to make the clean dirty co2 matters from the nature also in the water..then we must be educating people because if we waste lots of water in somedays we cant find it again so we must ran off water..and also we don’t throw away the wasted subtances ..in conclusion I think that we have to change our habits ,because
The water is a natural resources very important and if we follow the same way till now ,one day maybe our sons woke up and won`t have water to drink…Thanks for your attention!..
Jeremy Bird, Director General of IWMI, discusses the huge water management challenges facing India and shows how IWMI’s research can contribute to effective and sustainable solutions.
Today I will talk about water problems ,everybody as know that water is very important resource to live for alive organisms..the earth is consist of 70% with water..in nowdays water problems have been increasing ,so it can causes some problems in the world..first of all I wanna talk about the types of water problems .there are 3 types of water problems biological,chemical,physician ,biological… biological water problem means bacterica and viruses … inside the water some dangerous bacterias and parasites can cause serious diseases in people in direct contact with this contaminated water. This might include people drinking, swimming or washing in the contaminated water and extremely serious and contagious diseases..second one is chemical water problem it means throwing away nuclear oil ,heavy metals and radioactive spells..actually it happens in industry section.. third one is physicial water problems it means throwing away bottles or waster plastic bags..also this cause the dirtiness of water .
.causes of the water problems … there are actually three basic causes to make the water problem in the world..nuclear oil ,throwing waster bottle,wasting lots of water…nuclear oil it means in industry section fabrics and many industry instructions to flow the oil and smoke ,so it cause water problem..and also throwing waster bottles make the dirty to the water … the last the wasting lots of water also cause water problems ,because today most of country worry about less water..
Effects of water problems..
In the world water pollution is the big problem ,its effects is very dangerous … for example poisoing food and water ,desease and even death… Globally, more than 1 million children under 5 die each year from diarrheal disease
the effects of water pollution are not only devasting to people but also to animals ,fish and birds ..polluted water is unsuitable for drinking ..
In addition every problems have the solution way ,also water problems have 3 basic solution way ,planting trees,ran off,and don’t throwing away wasted substaces like bottles bags etc..planting trees are cause to prevent the land erosion and to make the clean dirty co2 matters from the nature also in the water..then we must be educating people because if we waste lots of water in somedays we cant find it again so we must ran off water..and also we don’t throw away the wasted subtances ..in conclusion I think that we have to change our habits ,because
The water is a natural resources very important and if we follow the same way till now ,one day maybe our sons woke up and won`t have water to drink…Thanks for your attention!..
We can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals and people who depend on it remain healthy :) Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem and make our world a better place :D :)
Mapping for Change: Digital Tools and Neighbourhood Design WorkshopNesta
A presentation given by representatives of UCL's Mapping for Change project at our Digital Tools and Neighbourhood Design Workshop, an event designed to explore the impact of digital tools on community design, engagement and improvement.
For more information, visit: http://www.nesta.org.uk/event/digital-tools-and-neighbourhood-planning-workshop
Residents Willingness to Separate Garbage and its Influencing Factorsijtsrd
In order to respond to the national call and promote the work of waste separation in Tongzhou District, Beijing, we conducted a survey and research on the willingness and influencing factors of waste separation in Tongzhou District, Beijing. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, 80.6 of the residents were able to sort their garbage according to the garbage sorting standard, but 9.2 of the residents still did not have knowledge about garbage sorting. The questionnaire data were analyzed and the effect of supervisory guidance and promotional guidance on the analysis of garbage was found to be significant by the chi square test, indicating that having supervisory and promotional guidance has a positive effect on increasing the willingness to separate garbage. Further, the factors influencing residents willingness to separate garbage were investigated by regularized multicategorical logistic regression, and it was found that the recognition of responsibility had a significant effect on residents willingness to separate garbage. Finally, based on the results of data analysis, we propose development opinions. Yanyi Li | Zihan Liang "Residents' Willingness to Separate Garbage and its Influencing Factors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52146.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52146/residents-willingness-to-separate-garbage-and-its-influencing-factors/yanyi-li
People are interested in predicting the future. For example, which films will bomb or who will win the upcoming Grammy awards? Making predictions about the future is not only fun matters but can bring real value to those who correctly predict the course of world events, such as which stocks are the best purchases for short-term gains. Predictive analytics is thus a field that has attracted major attention in both academia and the industry. As social media has become an inseparable part of modern life, there has been increasing interest in research of leveraging and exploiting social media as an information source for inferring rich social facts and knowledge. In this talk, we will address an interesting and challenging problem in social media research, i.e., predicting social media popularity. We aim to discover which image posts on social media are the “stars of tomorrow”, those will be the most engaging for social media audiences, e.g., receiving the most likes. Sociological finding and our novel solutions to effectively develop a structured modeling for popularity dynamics will be presented.
Final report Gjestebud Alfred B C Holmen- AHO 2015Birger Sevaldson
This project is about ”Gjestebud”, and in more general terms
about how local democracy can be facilitated. Gjestebud is
a method for involving citizens in to municipal processes.
The reason it exists is party due to the fact that involving
citizens in processes is mandatory by law, but also partly
due to Svelvik Kommune innovating, and finding a method
that fit their process well. The basic concept of gjestebud is
that the municipality finds an area where they would like
to involve its citizens, send out a short brief for the topic or
issue to people it thinks have important feedback to give, and
get them to invite their friends to discuss the issue. It can be
summarized like this:
”Gjestebud is about citizens
inviting friends to their home
and discussing issues from the
municipality.”
The task of this project is to look in to this process, and look
at how it is screwed together with the aim of designing some
intervention or concept connected to this process. Since this
is a design project, design methods and design thinking will
be used as the main tools for investigating the system.
Community Planning: Principles, Methods, ScenariosNick Wates
Introduction to community planning principles and methods. Explains how to devise an engagement strategy for your own particular situation. Part of Masterclass on 29 April 2010.
“I want to do a water project but I don’t know where to start!” This is a common challenge. Doing a community needs assessment is a crucial piece to planning successful projects but can often seem like a daunting task. Join us for a great conversation and fun exercise in doing a community assessment in water and sanitation, and go back to your district with a better understanding of community assessment and planning tools.
Moderator: F. Ronald Denham, RI/USAID Steering Committee Member
Rotary Club of Toronto Eglinton, Ontario, Canada
We can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals and people who depend on it remain healthy :) Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem and make our world a better place :D :)
Mapping for Change: Digital Tools and Neighbourhood Design WorkshopNesta
A presentation given by representatives of UCL's Mapping for Change project at our Digital Tools and Neighbourhood Design Workshop, an event designed to explore the impact of digital tools on community design, engagement and improvement.
For more information, visit: http://www.nesta.org.uk/event/digital-tools-and-neighbourhood-planning-workshop
Residents Willingness to Separate Garbage and its Influencing Factorsijtsrd
In order to respond to the national call and promote the work of waste separation in Tongzhou District, Beijing, we conducted a survey and research on the willingness and influencing factors of waste separation in Tongzhou District, Beijing. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, 80.6 of the residents were able to sort their garbage according to the garbage sorting standard, but 9.2 of the residents still did not have knowledge about garbage sorting. The questionnaire data were analyzed and the effect of supervisory guidance and promotional guidance on the analysis of garbage was found to be significant by the chi square test, indicating that having supervisory and promotional guidance has a positive effect on increasing the willingness to separate garbage. Further, the factors influencing residents willingness to separate garbage were investigated by regularized multicategorical logistic regression, and it was found that the recognition of responsibility had a significant effect on residents willingness to separate garbage. Finally, based on the results of data analysis, we propose development opinions. Yanyi Li | Zihan Liang "Residents' Willingness to Separate Garbage and its Influencing Factors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52146.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52146/residents-willingness-to-separate-garbage-and-its-influencing-factors/yanyi-li
People are interested in predicting the future. For example, which films will bomb or who will win the upcoming Grammy awards? Making predictions about the future is not only fun matters but can bring real value to those who correctly predict the course of world events, such as which stocks are the best purchases for short-term gains. Predictive analytics is thus a field that has attracted major attention in both academia and the industry. As social media has become an inseparable part of modern life, there has been increasing interest in research of leveraging and exploiting social media as an information source for inferring rich social facts and knowledge. In this talk, we will address an interesting and challenging problem in social media research, i.e., predicting social media popularity. We aim to discover which image posts on social media are the “stars of tomorrow”, those will be the most engaging for social media audiences, e.g., receiving the most likes. Sociological finding and our novel solutions to effectively develop a structured modeling for popularity dynamics will be presented.
Final report Gjestebud Alfred B C Holmen- AHO 2015Birger Sevaldson
This project is about ”Gjestebud”, and in more general terms
about how local democracy can be facilitated. Gjestebud is
a method for involving citizens in to municipal processes.
The reason it exists is party due to the fact that involving
citizens in processes is mandatory by law, but also partly
due to Svelvik Kommune innovating, and finding a method
that fit their process well. The basic concept of gjestebud is
that the municipality finds an area where they would like
to involve its citizens, send out a short brief for the topic or
issue to people it thinks have important feedback to give, and
get them to invite their friends to discuss the issue. It can be
summarized like this:
”Gjestebud is about citizens
inviting friends to their home
and discussing issues from the
municipality.”
The task of this project is to look in to this process, and look
at how it is screwed together with the aim of designing some
intervention or concept connected to this process. Since this
is a design project, design methods and design thinking will
be used as the main tools for investigating the system.
Community Planning: Principles, Methods, ScenariosNick Wates
Introduction to community planning principles and methods. Explains how to devise an engagement strategy for your own particular situation. Part of Masterclass on 29 April 2010.
“I want to do a water project but I don’t know where to start!” This is a common challenge. Doing a community needs assessment is a crucial piece to planning successful projects but can often seem like a daunting task. Join us for a great conversation and fun exercise in doing a community assessment in water and sanitation, and go back to your district with a better understanding of community assessment and planning tools.
Moderator: F. Ronald Denham, RI/USAID Steering Committee Member
Rotary Club of Toronto Eglinton, Ontario, Canada
Slides from NHS Citizen Research Workshop convened on the 7th of April 2015 at the University of Westminster to discuss the Research Hub, a brand new element of the NHS Citizen design intended to support wider research and knowledge sharing.
The aim of the workshop was to explore possible research questions and projects and this presentation introduces what NHS Citizen research might look like in its different forms.
This presentation offers a quick summary of TRANSIT, an EU-funded research project that seeks to elaborate a theory of transformative social innovation through case studies across Europe and Latin America.
Presentation made at the Valley Regional Congress (05/30/2009) regarding outreach best practices and the work currently underway by the Sustainability Committee of the Downtown Los Angeles Neighborhood Council.
Webinar series: Public engagement, education and outreach for carbon capture ...Global CCS Institute
The public engagement, education and outreach for CCS Webinar Series kicked off this September with a stellar opportunity to join three international public engagement experts, as they reflected on the key research findings and lessons learned from over 10 years of social research and project engagement experience.
World-renowned social researcher and IEAGHG Social Research Network Chair Peta Ashworth started the discussion by setting out her key lessons learned, and what future challenges and opportunities she perceives for public engagement with CCS.
An expert panel made up of Sarah Wade, Environmental Regulation and Policy Consultant and Coordinator of the Outreach Working Group for the US Department of Energy Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Initiative, and Norm Sacuta, Communication Manager at the Petroleum Technology Research Centre and Director of Communications for the IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO2 Monitoring and Storage Project, then discussed these conclusions and their own experiences of engaging the public, before opening the Webinar up to questions from the audience.
This entire Webinar Series has been designed to hear directly from the experts and project practitioners researching and delivering public engagement, education and outreach best practice for CCS.
This first Webinar combined elements of social research with real world application and discussion, showcasing important learnings, and concluding with links to further publications and resources for those wishing to learn more.
Explore the effect of offensive and defensive team productivity in the NBA on wins, 10+ years of NBA regular season data (2002 – 2013).
Key words: data normalization; directional hypotheses; feauture engineering; ols regression; web scraping
Investigate the overlap of the revised FEMA floodplains and park scarcity in New York City and look to identify areas that can help mitigate each issue. The motivation for this project starts with New York State’s buyout program that is meant to target at risk homes for flooding and reclaim the land as open space. This open space can then be used for either parkland or as an extension of existing wetland restoration projects to increase both biodiversity and livability for residents.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. Challenge & Project Scope
Questions to be Answered
Based on the briefing three main questions on urban waste should be tackled:
1. How can we begin to quantify the city's waste in order to make more informed decisions
on waste management?
2. How is New York City waste distributed throughout the city (borough, community district,
per capita etc.)?
3. Using NYC as an example, what are the global impacts of urban waste?
Project Scope and Constraints
The main purpose of this project is to advance a novel methodology for the quantification of
urban waste. To the best of our knowledge, getting the numbers right on the amount of waste
produced in New York City represents a first important challenge to the policymakers.
Our main contribution is in proposing a way of estimating the amount of waste in the city
focusing on the availability of goods that, after consumption, are contributing to waste. To do so,
we propose that the City government partners with a number of large private organizations to
estimate consumption volumes by product type. Using this information together with accurate
survey data on waste volumes and data available from the Department of Sanitation (DSNY)
and NYC Open Data, we could develop an accurate measure of the amount of waste produced
in the city.
Our methodology is subject to a number of limitations. The most important is that our proposal
will rely on the use of proprietary data from several corporations. A second limitation stems from
the need to run a government survey.
To complement our work, and also to support the need to invest in our study at community
district level, we present a second methodology that seeks to get at the hidden costs of waste
management. The idea is to run small randomized experiments at the district level that
manipulate the way trash is collected.
Data and Methods
Methodologies of How to Quantify Waste
The quantification of the amount of waste produced in New York City represents a first major
obstacle to the establishment of a sound waste policy. Our approach is based on tackling the
problem from several different angles.
Firstly, not all waste is created equal, so we think of waste as a vector X(g,t)=[x1,x2,...,xN](g,t),
i.e. a collection of different possible waste types: e.g. refuse, paper, and metal at curbside “g” at
time “t”.
Definition of Urban Waste group Zeta. August 27, 2014 2
5. Analysis and Results
Development of Waste Quantities Over Time
The chart shows the tons of waste per day in NYC over the last 4 years. The numbers from
2010 to 2014 show a rather constant amount of waste in the 4 different waste types.
Based on this chart we need to tackle the question why the development is so flat:
1. We need to question the quality of data received from DSNY: Since data is derived from
the trucks that collect the trash on a daily basis, perhaps they have a stable number of
tracks collecting the trash over the years. For higher amounts of trash they might have
external contractors who take care of it and don’t track their tonnage.
2. Economic development: Since 2008/2009 the financial crisis might have affected
consumption. Maybe people have been holding back in consuming.
3. Comparison to other city data: We need to look at other American cities like Chicago or
Philadelphia to see whether their waste volumes stayed stable, too.
Definition of Urban Waste group Zeta. August 27, 2014 5
6. Waste Distribution Per Borough
This chart shows the distribution of the daily tonnage of waste per NYC borough based on the
average tonnage of the years 2010 to 2014.
Waste Distribution And Income
This chart shows a correlation of yearly household income in $ and the amount of waste based
on median income per borough. Except Bronx, according the data from Manhattan, Queens,
Brooklyn and Staten Island, there is a linear relationship between Medianhousehold income
and tonnage of waste.
Xaxis is tonnage of waste from 2013, Yaxis is Medianhousehold income.
Asterisk: Staten Island
Diamond: Manhattan
Cross: Queens
Triangle: Brooklyn
Square: Bronx (outlier)
Definition of Urban Waste group Zeta. August 27, 2014 6
7.
Waste Costs And Hidden Costs
The measurement of waste costs is complicated by a number of factors. Indeed, the sheer
number of dollars spent by a city on refuse collection is but a rough indicator of its cost.
Environmental costs, social costs and economic costs need to be taken into consideration.
First, the price of collection per unit quantity clearly depends on the market structure. Were a
firm to enjoy a spatial monopoly, the price charged would be higher than under competition.
Second, a number of economies of scale might potentially be operating: serving a larger
territory might decrease the average cost of collection.
Other costs of trash collection are likely to be less apparent. For instance, disposal of waste on
curbsides might be connected with rats infestations and other diseases. Tourists might find a
city less appealing if garbage is abandoned on the side of the road.
While a study of the market and costs structures seems too ambitious for our project, we
decided to propose a methodology to get at some of the implicit costs.
In particular, we would like to focus our attention on the hidden costs associated with trash
collection. We will use NYC Open data to get a baseline measure of the health costs associated
with waste. We will then propose to work with the city to experiment different ways of trash
collection (in buildings with tracks waiting outside, in small locked boxes placed in the streets,
and so on). Our outcome variables will be the city data on health in the treated and untreated
Definition of Urban Waste group Zeta. August 27, 2014 7