Gardner first defined the seven areas of intelligence in 1983 as an alternative to IQ tests. The seven areas are verbal, visual, physical, musical, mathematical, introspective, and interpersonal intelligence. Music relates to all seven areas of intelligence. Musicians use verbal intelligence for writing lyrics, visual intelligence for imagining music, physical intelligence through dancing and playing instruments, and musical intelligence is most directly applied. Mathematical intelligence helps with rhythms, patterns, and music theory. Introspective intelligence aids in self-analysis and improvisation. Interpersonal intelligence supports ensemble playing and understanding emotions in music. Overall, music engages both sides of the brain and statistically enhances intelligence.