The document discusses theories of musical development in early childhood. It covers Jerome Bruner's three cognitive stages of development and how music and movement activities relate to each stage. It also discusses the history of early childhood music education and approaches from thinkers like Rousseau and Montessori. Additionally, it outlines the role of music and movement in child development and how music programs can be created and presented in a developmentally appropriate way.

1. MUSIC AND MOVEMENT ACTIVITIES

9. The History of Early Childhood Music Education

15. Stages in the Development of Music and Movement Music Movement Toddlers -can distinguish among sounds; imitate it; approximate pitches -explore sound making with household objects. - Sing or hum -use primarily arms and legs, and move in response to the tempo. -respond well to large and small motor musical activities that emphasizes repetition and rhyme.

16. Stages in the Development of Music and Movement Music Movement Three-Year-Olds -have better voice control, rhythmic response, and mastery of song -have names of favorite tunes, can recognize familiar tunes, can sing portions of it. -can play a simple rhythmic instrument with emerging awareness of beat, tempo, and pitch -move n a more coordinated way to music. -experiment with different types of body movements. -tend to be more graceful.

17. Stages in the Development of Music and Movement Music Movement Four-Year-Olds -capable of learning basic musical concept (pitch, duration, tempo, loudness) -can use language to express these ideas. -can classify musical instruments -can sing complete song from memory with sound control -enjoy group singing games -master new movements and can switch rapidly from one type to another when the word is substituted.

18. Stages in the Development of Music and Movement Music Movement Five-Year-Olds -sense of pitch, rhythm, and melody emerge -can demonstrate some musical concepts in a small keyboard -enjoy longer songs -can reproduce the melody and have a vocal range of five to six notes. -it has a more rhythmic, interpretive quality

19. Stages in the Development of Music and Movement Music Movement Six-, Seven, and Eight-Year-Olds -singing voice at a mature level -sings in tune, with a vocal range of approximately 8-10 notes -sense of harmony is emerging -learn to read song lyrics -able to master songs with greater demands of memory and sequencing skills. -musical preferences are fairly well established -may express interest in learning to play a musical instrument -able to improvise movements and match it to the beat of the song. -capable of following more complex instructions, and can learn simple folk dances with adult direction.

20. How to Create a Music and Movement Program

28. MELODY HARMONY

32. Teacher’s Roles and Responsibilities

38. Integrating Music and Movement into the Subject Areas