The document discusses the history of Western music from the Medieval to Renaissance periods. It describes Gregorian chant as the dominant form of monophonic sacred music from 700-1400 characterized by free rhythm and modal scales. Secular troubadour music originated in France during this time. The Renaissance saw the rise of polyphonic styles like masses and madrigals. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was a highly influential Renaissance composer, known for his masses including the Pope Marcellus Mass.