The document summarizes the key aspects of a medical laboratory. It describes a medical laboratory as a place where clinical tests are performed on samples to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. It outlines the different job roles in a medical laboratory as well as the main departments, including clinical chemistry, hematology, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and blood banking. It focuses on describing the clinical biochemistry department in more detail, outlining the types of tests and instruments used. The document provides overviews of other departments like microbiology and hematology.

1. MEDICAL LABORATORY
Aveen rasul
clinical biochemistry department

2. what’s medical laboratory?
▪ Medical laboratory is a place where tests are done
on clinical specimens and samples in order to get
information about the health of a patient as
pertaining to the diagnosis , treatment , and
prevention of disease .

3. Job opportunities :
▪ Generalist : a medical laboratory scientist that works
in all laboratory departments .
▪ Specialist : a medical laboratory scientist that has had
three years experience in a particular department in
addition to passing a specialist exam . This
professional will work only in this department .
▪ Supervisor : a medical laboratory scientist that has
risen in the ranks of the laboratory to become the
head of particular department .

4. Basic equipments used in a medical
laboratory :

5. Departments in medical laboratory :
▪ Clinical chemistry ( Biochemistry )
▪ Hematology
▪ Pathology
▪ Microbiology
▪ immunology
▪ Blood banking
▪ Molecular technique

6. Clinical biochemistry department :
▪ Biochemistry performs most chemical analysis
includes hormones , enzyme , electrolytes , and
drug levels in your blood stream , urine or other
body fluids .
▪ It’s Subdevided ito :
▪ Biochemical analysis
▪ immunochemistry
▪ Toxicology

7. Some Tests and instruments in
biochemistry laboratory :
▪ Spectrophotometer
▪ Biochemistry analyzer
▪ ELISA
▪ Blood gas analyzer
▪ Urine analyzer
▪ Ph meter
▪ Electrolyte analyzer
▪ Gel electrophoresis
instrument..
▪ Renal function test (RFT)
▪ Liver function test (LFT)
▪ HbA1c , glucose , GTT
▪ Electrolyte
▪ Amylase and lipase
▪ Tumor markers
▪ Vitamin D
▪ Arterial blood gases
▪ Lipid profile
▪ Hormone
▪ Thyroid functions
▪ Protein in urine
▪ Drug in urine etc..

8. Biochemical instruments

9. Microbiology department :
▪ Is the study of microorganisms , medical
laboratory scientists that work in this
department identifies bacteria , viruses ,
parasites or fungus , and also tell the physician
which antibiotics use to kill the bacteria that
found.
▪ Subareas of microbiology
▪ Virology
▪ Bacteriology
▪ Mycology

10. Microbiology instruments and tests :
▪ Autoclave
▪ Biosafety cabinet
▪ Petri dishes
▪ inoculation loops and
needles
▪ Coulter counter
▪ Shaker incubator
▪ Oven and Water bath
▪ GSE
▪ H.pylori Ag and Ab
▪ Seminal fluid analysis
▪ Gram staining
▪ Culture (urine ,blood ,
stool , CSF , bacteria , and
fungus )
▪ Detection of viral
infection by ELISA

12. Hematology :
▪ Is the study of blood components , in this
department the technician will counts cells in
blood including RBCs , WBCs and platelets .
And identifies the morphology of this cells to
detect diseases .

13. Instruments and tests:
▪ Coulter
▪ Hematology analyzer
▪ Coagulation analyzer
▪ Hemocytometer
chamber
▪ Microscope
▪ Hematocrit centrifuge
▪ CBC , CBP
▪ ESR
▪ WBC , RBC , reticulocytes
and platelet count
▪ Blood group
▪ DLC
▪ BT , CT
▪ Vit B12 ,Vit K ,folate, iron ,
ferritin
▪ Fibrinogen
▪ PT , PTT , INR
▪ Hb

15. Clinical Pathology :
Is the branch of medical science that studies the
cause, nature and effects of diseases .
It subdivided to
▪ histopathology which is the microscope examination
of tissue affected by disease
▪ cytology the examination and identifying
morphology of cells

16. Tissue processor

17. Molecular diagnostics :
▪ The molecular diagnostic laboratory is responsible
for the development and performance of molecular
diagnostic tests for nucleic acid targets found in a
variety of settings in medicine
▪ Molecular diagnosis is the most appropriate for
infectious agents that are difficult to detect identify
or test for susceptibility in a timely fashion with
conventional methods

18. molecular tests are done by PCR
and RT.PCR
Thermo cycler PCR
RT.PCR

19. agarose gel electrophoresis used to
visualize PCR results
▪ The results of a PCR reaction are usually
visualized (made visible) using gel
electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a
technique in which fragments of DNA are
pulled through a gel matrix by an electric
current, and it separates DNA fragments
according to size.

21. Thank you