Clinical chemistry involves analyzing bodily fluids like blood and urine to diagnose and treat diseases. It originated in the late 19th century with simple chemistry tests of blood and urine components. Modern clinical chemistry laboratories are highly automated to handle high workloads and closely monitor testing and quality control. Key tests analyze serum, which is blood plasma without clots, and plasma, which is blood without clots. A large medical laboratory may perform up to 700 different tests across areas like general chemistry, endocrinology, toxicology, and urine and fluid analysis to detect various diseases.

1. Introduction to clinical chemistry
T.A Bec Abednego Makoi
August 2018

2. Clinical Chemistry
• Also known as clinical pathology, clinical
biochemistry or medical biochemistry.
• Is the area of clinical pathology that is
generally concern with analysis of bodily fluid
for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
• Not to be confuse with medicinal chemistry
the discipline originated in the late 19th
century with the use of simple chemistry test

3. Contin
• For varies component of blood and urine
,subsequent to this other technics where apply
including the use and measurement of enzyme
activity , spectrophotometry electrophoresis and
the normal manual assay
• Must current laboratory are now highly
automated to accommodate the high work load
typically of hospital laboratory
• Test performed in laboratory are closely
monitoring and quality control .

4. contin
• All biochemical test come under chemical
pathology ,these are perform at any kind of
bodily fluid but mostly on serum and plasma
• Serum…is a yellow watery part of blood that is
left after blood has been allow to clotted and all
blood cell has been removed .
• This’s easily done by centrifugation with part
denser blood cell and platelet to bottom of
centrifuge tube leaving a liquid serum above the
packed cell .

5. conti
• This initial step before analysis has recently
been include in instrument that operate on
the integrated system principle .
• Plasma….is the same as serum but it’s
obtained by centrifugation of the blood with
out clotted.
• Plasma obtained by centrifugation before
clotting occurs.

6. Type of test
What type of sample is use
• A large medical laboratory will accept sample
for up 700 different kind of test .
• Even the larger of laboratory is rarely dowel
these test them self and some must be refer
to other laboratory these large area of test
can be categories into sub specialist of general
of routine chemistry commonly order blood
chemistry for example liver and kidney
function test .

7. • Special chemistry laboratory technics such as
electrophoresis and manual testing method
• Clinical endocrinology the study of
hormones and diagnostic of endocrine
disorder
• Toxicology the study of drugs abuse
and chemical therapeutic drug monitoring,
measurement of therapeutic medication level
to optimize dose age .

8. • Urine analysis
• Clinical analysis of urine for a wide area of
disease along with other fluid such as CSF
efficient fecal analysis mostly for detection of
gastrointestinal disorder.

9. • Next lecture
• Anatomy and physiology of kidney
• Kidney function test

10. Thank you