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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
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STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)
Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management
2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)
Module 10
Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector
Total: 100 Marks
Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.
Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical
industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical
industry.
Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very
different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with
contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has
made a major contributiontohumanwellbeingandthe reductionof ill healthandsuffering, it is still
regularlyidentifiedbythe publicinopinionsurveysasone of the leasttrustedindustries,oftenbeing
comparedunfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in
which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the
Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance
schemes in India.
Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four
characteristics:
 The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by
statute;
 Explicit provision is made to account for

2. Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology
in healthcare sector.
Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the
various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information
and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way
that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.
Today ICT notonlymeansthe call you make to relativeson the other side of the world, or the quick
email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is
Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.
Answer:
The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as
disparate interestswithincivil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful –
nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational
manifestationof thismovement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and
within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper
consideration not only of their activities and
Question. 5. Write short notes on
a. Ethics in clinical research
Answer: Clinical researchethicsare the setof relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical
trial in the fieldof clinical research.Itborrowsfromthe broaderfieldsof researchethicsandmedical
ethics.
Governance:Most directlyalocal institutionalreview board oversees the clinical research ethics of
any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and
national law. Each countries national law is
b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.
Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''),
the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI
framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical
industry.

3. Devices vis-à-vis Drugs
Althoughmedical devicesare inherentlydifferentinnature andfunctionfrompharmaceuticals,both
were beingtreatedatpar under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose
primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified
certainmedical devicesandothermedical productsas'drugs' underSection3(b)(iv) of the Drugsand
Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly
regulated by the Act and Drugs and
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)
Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management
2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)
Module 10
Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector
Total: 100 Marks
Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.
Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical
industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical
industry.
Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very
different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with
contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has
made a major contributiontohumanwellbeingandthe reductionof ill healthandsuffering, it is still
regularlyidentifiedbythe publicinopinionsurveysasone of the leasttrustedindustries,oftenbeing
comparedunfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in
which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the

4. Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance
schemes in India.
Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four
characteristics:
 The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by
statute;
 Explicit provision is made to account for
Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology
in healthcare sector.
Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the
various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information
and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way
that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.
Today ICT notonlymeansthe call you make to relativeson the other side of the world, or the quick
email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is
Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.
Answer:
The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as
disparate interestswithincivil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful –
nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational
manifestationof thismovement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and
within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper
consideration not only of their activities and
Question. 5. Write short notes on
a. Ethics in clinical research
Answer: Clinical researchethicsare the setof relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical
trial in the fieldof clinical research.Itborrowsfromthe broaderfieldsof researchethicsandmedical
ethics.
Governance:Most directlyalocal institutionalreview board oversees the clinical research ethics of
any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and
national law. Each countries national law is

5. b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.
Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''),
the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI
framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical
industry.
Devices vis-à-vis Drugs
Althoughmedical devicesare inherentlydifferentinnature andfunctionfrompharmaceuticals,both
were beingtreatedatpar under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose
primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified
certainmedical devicesandothermedical productsas'drugs' underSection3(b)(iv) of the Drugsand
Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly
regulated by the Act and Drugs and
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
Stuffstudy5@gmail.com
or
call us at : 09816280608
STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)
Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management
2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)
Module 10
Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector
Total: 100 Marks
Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.
Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical
industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical
industry.

6. Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very
different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with
contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has
made a major contributiontohumanwellbeingandthe reductionof ill healthandsuffering, it is still
regularlyidentifiedbythe publicinopinionsurveysas one of the leasttrustedindustries,oftenbeing
comparedunfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in
which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the
Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance
schemes in India.
Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four
characteristics:
 The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by
statute;
 Explicit provision is made to account for
Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology
in healthcare sector.
Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the
various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information
and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way
that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.
Today ICT notonlymeansthe call you make to relativeson the other side of the world, or the quick
email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is
Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.
Answer:
The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as
disparate interestswithincivil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful –
nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational
manifestationof thismovement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and
within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper
consideration not only of their activities and
Question. 5. Write short notes on

7. a. Ethics in clinical research
Answer: Clinical researchethicsare the setof relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical
trial in the fieldof clinical research.Itborrowsfromthe broaderfieldsof researchethicsandmedical
ethics.
Governance:Most directlyalocal institutionalreview board oversees the clinical research ethics of
any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and
national law. Each countries national law is
b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.
Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''),
the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI
framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical
industry.
Devices vis-à-vis Drugs
Althoughmedical devicesare inherentlydifferentinnature andfunctionfrompharmaceuticals,both
were beingtreatedatpar under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose
primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified
certainmedical devicesandothermedical productsas'drugs' underSection3(b)(iv) of the Drugsand
Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly
regulated by the Act and Drugs and
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
Stuffstudy5@gmail.com
or
call us at : 09816280608
STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)
Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management
2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)
Module 10
Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector
Total: 100 Marks

8. Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.
Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical
industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical
industry.
Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very
different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with
contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has
made a major contributiontohumanwellbeingandthe reductionof ill healthandsuffering, it is still
regularlyidentifiedbythe publicinopinionsurveysasone of the leasttrustedindustries,oftenbeing
comparedunfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in
which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the
Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance
schemes in India.
Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four
characteristics:
 The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by
statute;
 Explicit provision is made to account for
Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology
in healthcare sector.
Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the
various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information
and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way
that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.
Today ICT notonlymeansthe call you make to relativeson the other side of the world, or the quick
email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is
Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.
Answer:

9. The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as
disparate interestswithincivil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful –
nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational
manifestationof thismovement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and
within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper
consideration not only of their activities and
Question. 5. Write short notes on
a. Ethics in clinical research
Answer: Clinical researchethicsare the setof relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical
trial in the fieldof clinical research.Itborrowsfromthe broaderfieldsof researchethicsandmedical
ethics.
Governance:Most directlyalocal institutionalreview board oversees the clinical research ethics of
any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and
national law. Each countries national law is
b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.
Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''),
the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI
framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical
industry.
Devices vis-à-vis Drugs
Althoughmedical devicesare inherentlydifferentinnature andfunctionfrompharmaceuticals,both
were beingtreatedatpar under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose
primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified
certainmedical devicesandothermedical productsas'drugs' underSection3(b)(iv) of the Drugsand
Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly
regulated by the Act and Drugs and
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
Stuffstudy5@gmail.com
or
call us at : 09816280608
STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)

10. Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management
2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)
Module 10
Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector
Total: 100 Marks
Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.
Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical
industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical
industry.
Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very
different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with
contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has
made a major contributiontohumanwellbeingandthe reductionof ill healthandsuffering, it is still
regularlyidentifiedbythe publicinopinionsurveysasone of the leasttrustedindustries,oftenbeing
comparedunfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in
which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the
Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance
schemes in India.
Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four
characteristics:
 The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by
statute;
 Explicit provision is made to account for
Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology
in healthcare sector.
Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the
various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information
and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way
that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.

11. Today ICT notonlymeansthe call you make to relativeson the other side of the world, or the quick
email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is
Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.
Answer:
The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as
disparate interestswithincivil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful –
nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational
manifestationof thismovement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and
within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper
consideration not only of their activities and
Question. 5. Write short notes on
a. Ethics in clinical research
Answer: Clinical researchethicsare the setof relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical
trial in the fieldof clinical research.Itborrowsfromthe broaderfieldsof researchethicsandmedical
ethics.
Governance:Most directlyalocal institutionalreview board oversees the clinical research ethics of
any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and
national law. Each countries national law is
b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.
Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''),
the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI
framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical
industry.
Devices vis-à-vis Drugs
Althoughmedical devicesare inherentlydifferentinnature andfunctionfrompharmaceuticals,both
were beingtreatedatpar under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose
primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified
certainmedical devicesandothermedical productsas'drugs' underSection3(b)(iv) of the Drugsand
Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly
regulated by the Act and Drugs and
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :

12. Stuffstudy5@gmail.com
or
call us at : 09816280608
Student Handbook (PGDMLS)
Module 9
Medical Jurisprudence
Total: 100 Marks
Answer the following questions:
Question. 1. Write Notes on:
a. Types of Post -mortem
Answer: Anautopsy—alsoknownasapost-mortemexamination,necropsy,autopsiacadaverum,or
obduction —is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a
corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may
be present. It is usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist.
Autopsies are performed for either legal or medical purposes. For example, a forensic autopsy is
carriedout whenthe cause of deathmay be a criminal matter,while aclinical oracademicautopsyis
performedtofindthe medical cause of deathandisusedincases of unknownor uncertaindeath, or
for research purposes. Autopsies can be
b. Rules of Post -mortem Examination
Answer: A post-mortemiscarriedoutas soonas possible afterthe deathonbehalf of the coroner as
part of the investigationtoestablishthe cause of death.Itusuallytakesplace withinone ortwo days
of the death.
The coroner isonlyrequiredtoinform the relatives of the deceased of the time and place at which
the examinationistobe made,if the relativeshave told the coroner that they wish to be informed.
The relatives have the right to be represented at the post-

13. Question. 2. Write notes on:
a. Brain Stem Death
Answer: Brain stem death is one of the two ways doctors can certify someone, either an adult or a
child,ashavingdied.The otheriscardiorespiratorydeath,andiswhenbreathingand circulation has
stopped.
b. Time since death
Answer: Providing an estimation of the time elapsed since death is a request almost invariably
aimedat forensicspecialistssummonedtothe scene of a death.Despite the factthatthere has been
an extensive literature on this topic for more than a century, this determination still remains
difficult, even for experienced pathologists, and must be undertaken with extreme caution. In
particular, the dogmatic application of rules and formulas based upon single and isolated
observations (e.g. rectal temperature of the
c. Asphayxia
Answer: Asphyxiaorasphyxiationis a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body
that arisesfromabnormal breathing.Anexample of asphyxiaischoking.Asphyxiacausesgeneralized
hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can
induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient
oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.
In 2013 about 1.6 million cases of unintentional suffocation occurred. The word asphyxia is from
Ancient Greek α- "without" and σφύξις sphyxis
Question. 3. Write note on any three:
a. Classification of Injuries
Answer: Injury is damage to the body. This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and
other causes.
Major trauma is injury that has the potential

14. b. Medicolegal aspects of burns
Answer: The incidence of suicideandhomicide isonthe increase worldwide,includingPakistan.One
millionpeopledie annuallydue tosuicidesandhomicidesalone1. Poisoning, hanging and drowning
are the major methods of suicide in contrast to blunt trauma, sharp trauma and strangulation are
more common in homicide. However deaths due to burns are seen more frequently in both
homicide andsuicide especiallyinsubcontinent.Combinedmethodsare more common in homicide
as compared to suicide. Predominance of male is found in all methods of suicide and homicide,
exceptburning.1,2Quarrel and revenge were the commonprecipitatingcause/motive for homicide
in comparison to chronic illness and mental illness fo
d. Medicolegal aspects of Bomb Explosions
Answer:
Question. 4. Write note on any one:
a. Medical examination of rape victim
Answer:
b. Narcotic substances
Answer: The term narcotic originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with any
sleep-inducing properties. In the United States it has since become associated with opiates and
opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as well derivatives of many of the compounds found
within raw opium latex; The primary three are morphine, codeine, and thebaine (while thebaine
itself is only very mildly psychoactive, it is a
World Health Organization
Studies on the definition of counterfeit medicines in WHO member states
4. Assessment of the definitions of counterfeit medicines (
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :

15. help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601