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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)
Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management
2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)
Module 10
Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector
Total: 100 Marks
Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.
Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical
industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical
industry.
Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very
different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with
contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has
made a major contributiontohumanwellbeingandthe reductionof ill healthandsuffering, it is still
regularlyidentifiedbythe publicinopinionsurveysasone of the leasttrustedindustries,oftenbeing
comparedunfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in
which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the
Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance
schemes in India.
Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four
characteristics:
 The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by
statute;
 Explicit provision is made to account for

2. Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology
in healthcare sector.
Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the
various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information
and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way
that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.
Today ICT notonlymeansthe call you make to relativeson the other side of the world, or the quick
email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is
Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.
Answer:
The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as
disparate interestswithincivil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful –
nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational
manifestationof thismovement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and
within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper
consideration not only of their activities and
Question. 5. Write short notes on
a. Ethics in clinical research
Answer: Clinical researchethicsare the setof relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical
trial in the fieldof clinical research.Itborrowsfromthe broaderfieldsof researchethicsandmedical
ethics.
Governance:Most directlyalocal institutionalreview board oversees the clinical research ethics of
any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and
national law. Each countries national law is
b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.
Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''),
the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI
framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical
industry.

3. Devices vis-à-vis Drugs
Althoughmedical devicesare inherentlydifferentinnature andfunctionfrompharmaceuticals,both
were beingtreatedatpar under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose
primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified
certainmedical devicesandothermedical productsas'drugs' underSection3(b)(iv) of the Drugsand
Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly
regulated by the Act and Drugs and
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Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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