Ligament Injuries - Types, Symptoms and TreatmentHealth Quest
Ligament injuries occur when a ligament is stretched beyond its normal range. Ligaments are tough band of fibrous tissues that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and support, stabilize and strengthen joints. The primary function of ligaments is to keep the bones in proper alignment and prevent abnormal joint movements. Leading pain management centers in Brooklyn, NYC offer effective treatment options for ligament injuries to help patients attain better mobility, balance, and strength.
Ligament Injuries - Types, Symptoms and TreatmentHealth Quest
Ligament injuries occur when a ligament is stretched beyond its normal range. Ligaments are tough band of fibrous tissues that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and support, stabilize and strengthen joints. The primary function of ligaments is to keep the bones in proper alignment and prevent abnormal joint movements. Leading pain management centers in Brooklyn, NYC offer effective treatment options for ligament injuries to help patients attain better mobility, balance, and strength.
The kind of injuries that most commonly occur during sports or exercise.
Some sports injuries result from accidents: others due to poor training practices, improper equipment or insufficient warm-up or stretching.
While it is possible to injure any part of the body when playing sports, the term sports injuries is commonly used to refer to injuries of the musculoskeletal system.
SPORTS INJURIES
INTRODUCTION ABOUT SPORTS INJURIES
MEANING OR DEFINITION "SPORTS INJURIES"
CLASSIFICATION ON VARIOUS BASIS
CAUSES OF SPORTS INJURIES
PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES
TREATMENT OF SPORTS INJURIES
REHABILITATION OF SPORTS INJURIES
PSYCHOLOGICAL BUILDUP AFTER INJURY
Dr. Vicki Harber of the University of Alberta describes the kind of nutrition female athletes build strong, resilient bodies and stave off the Female Triad: disordered eating, bone loss and dysmenorrhoea.
The kind of injuries that most commonly occur during sports or exercise.
Some sports injuries result from accidents: others due to poor training practices, improper equipment or insufficient warm-up or stretching.
While it is possible to injure any part of the body when playing sports, the term sports injuries is commonly used to refer to injuries of the musculoskeletal system.
SPORTS INJURIES
INTRODUCTION ABOUT SPORTS INJURIES
MEANING OR DEFINITION "SPORTS INJURIES"
CLASSIFICATION ON VARIOUS BASIS
CAUSES OF SPORTS INJURIES
PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES
TREATMENT OF SPORTS INJURIES
REHABILITATION OF SPORTS INJURIES
PSYCHOLOGICAL BUILDUP AFTER INJURY
Dr. Vicki Harber of the University of Alberta describes the kind of nutrition female athletes build strong, resilient bodies and stave off the Female Triad: disordered eating, bone loss and dysmenorrhoea.
Reconociendo el principio de interpretación bíblica que “la Biblia se explica a sí misma” y que “toda doctrina cristiana debe ser basada únicamente en la Palabra de Dios, más no en otras fuentes extra-bíblicas”, se hacen los siguientes cuestionamientos: ¿Hay base bíblica para creer en el cambio del día de reposo? ¿Hay alguna ordenanza explícita por parte de la misma boca de Dios (así como lo hay del sábado) escrita en su Palabra que autorice tal cambio? ¿Cuán importante es que haya una ordenanza? ¿Qué importancia debería tener para el adorador sincero el día de reposo? ¿Cuál es el fin de tener un día para adorar a Dios? Reconociendo que el pecado es la infracción de la Ley de Dios (10 mandamientos) tal y como lo dice la Biblia en 1Juan 3:4 ¿Es pecado no guardar el Sábado, ya que este forma parte de los mandamientos de Dios?
Hoy en día nuestros púlpitos ejercen una gran influencia en cada oyente. Muchos van a la iglesia esperando ser instruidos, poniendo su confianza en la Palabra de Dios transmitida por medio de nuestros labios. Por ese motivo tenemos, hoy –como pastores, evangelistas y predicadores de toda índole– una gran responsabilidad, vivir en santidad para ser verdaderos reflejos de Verdad.
CHAPTER 13
WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
At the end of the module, the students will have a basic understanding of various musculoskeletal disorders that are caused by occupational exposure to physical workplace risk factors. Anatomy of the muscular and skeletal systems is covered as well as injury and disorder prevention techniques.
INTRODUCTION
Musculoskeletal disorders are a broad class of disorders involving damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves, joints, cartilage, vertebral discs, bones, and/or supporting blood vessels. Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is a subcategory; these are injuries and illnesses that are caused or aggravated by working conditions. MSDs are not typically caused by acute events but occur slowly over time due to repeated wear and tear or microtraumas.
WMSDs are also known as cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), repetitive strain injuries (RSIs), repetitive motion trauma (RMT), or occupational overuse syndrome. Examples of WMSDs include herniated disc, epicondylitis (tennis elbow), tendinitis, de Quervain's disease (tenosynovitis of the thumb), trigger finger, and Reynaud's syndrome (vibration white finger).
Researchers have identified specific physical workplace risk factors for the development of WMSDs: force, posture, compression, repetition, duration, vibration, and temperature. Exposure to these risk factors can result in decreased blood flow, elongation, compression, tears or strains to muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves as well as disc or joint damage. When present for sufficient duration, frequency, or magnitude, physical workplace risk factors may cause WMSDs. In addition, personal risk factors, such as physical conditioning, existing health problems, gender, age, work technique, hobbies and organizational factors (e.g., job autonomy, quotas, deadlines) contribute to, but do not cause, the development of WMSDs.
Applying ergonomics principles to reduce a worker's exposure to the physical workplace risk factors decreases the chance of injury.
This unit is not designed to impart skills in the diagnoses of WMSDs, only occupational healthcare providers do so. This unit is a background in some of the more common WMSDs and explores anatomic features that are affected by WMSDs. It is written from the view point of an ergonomist and not a healthcare provider. For convenience, this chapter is divided into four sections:
· The musculoskeletal system
· Disorders of the
· spine
· upper extremities
· lower extremities.
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. The musculoskeletal system is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular + skeletal systems (musculoskeletal). The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, cartilage (framework), musc.
CHAPTER 13
WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
At the end of the module, the students will have a basic understanding of various musculoskeletal disorders that are caused by occupational exposure to physical workplace risk factors. Anatomy of the muscular and skeletal systems is covered as well as injury and disorder prevention techniques.
INTRODUCTION
Musculoskeletal disorders are a broad class of disorders involving damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves, joints, cartilage, vertebral discs, bones, and/or supporting blood vessels. Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is a subcategory; these are injuries and illnesses that are caused or aggravated by working conditions. MSDs are not typically caused by acute events but occur slowly over time due to repeated wear and tear or microtraumas.
WMSDs are also known as cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), repetitive strain injuries (RSIs), repetitive motion trauma (RMT), or occupational overuse syndrome. Examples of WMSDs include herniated disc, epicondylitis (tennis elbow), tendinitis, de Quervain's disease (tenosynovitis of the thumb), trigger finger, and Reynaud's syndrome (vibration white finger).
Researchers have identified specific physical workplace risk factors for the development of WMSDs: force, posture, compression, repetition, duration, vibration, and temperature. Exposure to these risk factors can result in decreased blood flow, elongation, compression, tears or strains to muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves as well as disc or joint damage. When present for sufficient duration, frequency, or magnitude, physical workplace risk factors may cause WMSDs. In addition, personal risk factors, such as physical conditioning, existing health problems, gender, age, work technique, hobbies and organizational factors (e.g., job autonomy, quotas, deadlines) contribute to, but do not cause, the development of WMSDs.
Applying ergonomics principles to reduce a worker's exposure to the physical workplace risk factors decreases the chance of injury.
This unit is not designed to impart skills in the diagnoses of WMSDs, only occupational healthcare providers do so. This unit is a background in some of the more common WMSDs and explores anatomic features that are affected by WMSDs. It is written from the view point of an ergonomist and not a healthcare provider. For convenience, this chapter is divided into four sections:
· The musculoskeletal system
· Disorders of the
· spine
· upper extremities
· lower extremities.
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. The musculoskeletal system is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular + skeletal systems (musculoskeletal). The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, cartilage (framework), musc.
MSK Ultrasound Imaging for Prolozone ApplicationsMegan Hughes
MSK Ultrasound Visualization for Tendonitis, Ligament Laxity, Bone Spurs, Trigger Points showing Cellular Anatomy for Bone Spur and Fibrosis. Injectional Treatment of Bone Spur and Tendon/Ligament Fibrosis with Ultrasound Guidance and Ultrasound Imaging and Guided Injection of Intevertebral Discs.
fracture introduction, aetiology, complete and incomplete fractures, traumatic and pathologic fractures, simple and compound fractures, patterns of fractures and types of displacement
2. No matter how much time is spent on injury prevention sooner or later an injury occurs Either acute or chronic in nature Acute injuries Result of trauma Chronic Caused by repetitive, overuse activities 2/16/2010 2
3. Injury mechanism Mechanics of injuries Forces applied to the body different angles, over different periods of time. Different tissue types respond differently to applied forces. NOT an all or none Phenomenon. injuries range in severity or grades. 2/16/2010 3
4. The Body Responds to Laws of Physics Movement through Space Accomplished by inefficient levers The long levers must overcome considerable resistance. inertia muscle viscosity More than 1/2 of the body's weight is in the upper body – supported by rather thin bones. center of gravity is relatively high in the human - requires energy to maintain posture. Body can compensate body may be lowered by widening stance to decrease gravity. 2/16/2010 4
6. Force and Its Effect Force Pushing or a pulling acting on a body. Numerous forces act on our bodies. Gravity Terrain Weather Other bodies Equipment Balls Bats Clubs, etc Bodies adjust when internal forces are produced by muscles. body absorbs forces body responds and adjusts Two potential effects acceleration, or change in velocity deformation, or change in shape YOU TUBE VIDEOhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4PrTKwqeHY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_wnt84iyMk 2/16/2010 6
7. ProtectiveDevices Musculature serves as a shock Muscle - affect movement of an organ or body part. Cartilage pads - absorb shock. Ligaments - Maintains continuity of joints - bone to bone Muscle tone - Strength - again - the more flexible the muscle the lesschance of disruption Tendon - Muscle to bone 2/16/2010 7
9. Five Primary Tissue Stressors Tension= Force that Pulls or Stretches Tissue Stretching= Beyond Yield Point Rupturing of soft tissue Compression= Crushes Tissue Shearing Force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue Abrasions, Blisters ACL / PCL Tears Tibia shears Bending= Known as three point bending 2/16/2010 9
16. 2/16/2010 16 FRACTURES Interruptions in the continuity of a bone. Classified as: Simple break in a bone Compound extended through the outer skin layers, Fractures are one of the most serious hazards Causing factors: Direct blow Torsion action Muscle / tendon stress causing avulsion fractures.
18. OUCH !!!!!!!! Uhh- Yeah It’s Broken“ I don’t think that I’ll be going out tonight” 2/16/2010 18
19. Healing of a Fracture Generally require immobilization for some period Approx. 6 weeks for bones of arms and legs 3 weeks for bones of hands and feet Fracture healing requires osteoblast activity to lay down bone and form callus Following cast removal, normal stresses and strains will aid in healing and remodeling process Osteoclasts will be called on to assist in re-shaping of bone in response to normal stress 2/16/2010 19
20. Stress Fractures No specific cause but with a number of possible causes Overload due to muscle contraction, altered stress distribution due to muscle fatigue, changes in surface, rhythmic repetitive stress vibrations · Switching to a harder running surface. · Rapid increase of speed or distance. · Returning to intense activity after a layoff. · Inadequate rest and excessive stress. · A change in footwear without proper adjustment period. · Improper shoe selection to accommodate foot type. Begins with a dull ache and progressively becomes worse over time Initially pain during activity and then progresses to pain following activity Early detection is difficult, bone scan is useful, x-ray is effective after several weeks Due to osteoblastic activity If suspected – stop activity for 14 days Generally does not require casting 2/16/2010 20
22. Predisposing Factors Congenital (heredity) or Acquired Kinesiological (way body moves through space). Pre-season physical examinations are very important. Detect abnormalities Injuries not treated or Mistreated Nature of the Beast 2/16/2010 22
23. Types of Injuries and How they occur Contusions, Bruises, Hematoma By impact - Characterized by: local tenderness Swelling Discoloration Disabling I.E. vastusmedialis will limit walking ability "dead leg" 2/16/2010 23
24. STRAINS Involves Muscles or adjacent tendon. referred to as a "PULL“ abnormal muscular contraction imbalance between agonist and antagonist muscles - Hams vs Quads Fatigue Characterized by degrees of disruption of the muscle/tendon fibers A strain can range Graded as 1st, 2nd, 3rd or Mild, Moderate, Severe Similar to contusion bleeding is present and there may be some discoloration If severe - defect can be seen - Achilles "Roll Up" 2/16/2010 24
26. SPRAINS Over-extension of a joint. Most common Disabling injuries. Forced beyond its normal anatomical limits. Microscopic and gross pathologies occur. Injury to: Ligaments articular capsule synovial membrane Effusion (spreading) of blood and synovial fluid into the joint cavity inflammation (joint swelling) point tenderness Laxity of joint 2/16/2010 26
28. Dislocations Disruption between the two articular surfaces.(Fingers and shoulders mostly) Divided into two classes Subluxations- partial dislocation wherein an imcompletet separation between 2 articulating bones occurs. Luxations- complete dislocations; total disunion of the bones. Characterized by Loss of limb function; Obvious Deformity Swelling and point tenderness are immediately present 2/16/2010 28