The document discusses the mechanics of writing, which are the technical conventions that govern formatting to make writing grammatically correct. It describes several key mechanics including italics, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, quotations, abbreviations, initialisms, acronyms, shortenings, and contractions. Specific guidelines are provided for using each mechanic properly in writing.

1. TOPIC:
 MECHANICS OF WRITING

2. An orthographical representation of thoughts, feeling,
ideas is called writing. Its about discovering new idea, thinking
about how to communicate . It has dual purpose to express and
impress. It is also a process of using symbols (letter and spaces) to
communication thoughts and ideas in a readable form.
MECHANICS OF WRITING
What is writing ?

3. What is mechanics ?
 The word mechanics is used to describe the formatting of the
printed word. Writing mechanics are the convention
governing the technical aspects of writing. The goal of the
mechanics of writing to make the writing- and grammatically
correct.

4. 1:Italics:
A slanting font style is called italics which is used when
writing wish to emphasize, or give special significance to word
or words.
2: Punctuation:
The marks such as commas, colons, semicolons and
brackets used in writing to separate sentence and their elements
clarify their meaning.
3: Sentence error:
Sentence Errors are errors related to grammar and
mechanics within sentences in Standard Written English.
Factors in mechanics of writing

5. .
4: Capitalization :
Capitalization is writing the word with its first letter in
upper case and small letter in lower case.
5: Spelling:
Spelling is the correct arrangement of letters that
form word .
6: Quotation:
It means copying a passage of someone’s else words
and crediting the source.
7: Abbreviations:
It is a shortened from of word or phrase.

7. ITALICS
 Italics and underlines can be used interchangeably, but not at
the same time. When typing, we use italics and underline to
identify titles of larger works, magazines, books, poems,
newspapers, journals, etc . Italics are used when typing, while
underlines are used when writing.
 For example
 I have had subscription to the Baltimore sun and the London
time.

8. Punctuation
Punctuation clarifies sentence structure, separating
some words and grouping others. It adds meaning to
written words . They are the period, question mark,
exclamation point, comma, semicolon, colon,
dash, hyphen, parentheses, brackets, braces,
apostrophe, quotation marks, and ellipsis.

9. .

10. Sentence errors
 A type of sentence error known as sentence fragment is a
group of words that used together does not form a complete
sentence; it is just a part of a sentence that doesn’t express
a complete idea. It occurs when an incomplete sentence is
presented as a complete sentence, such as letting a phrase
or a dependent clause (subordinate clause) to stand on its
own as though it is a complete sentence
 For example:
 My mother she works in a kitchen
 we enjoy watching old movies.

11. TTYPES OF SENTENCE ERROR
Run-on sentence
There are sentence that run beyond the point where they should stop
and a new sentence begin.
For example: I am enjoying this book it is well-written and interesting.
Fragment
While a sentence fragment might include a subject and a verb, it
invariably fails to present a complete thought and cannot stand alone.
For example: I will do well in the exam. Unless there is a question on
bioethics.
Comma splice
Two sentence separated only by a comma.
For example: I don’t want to fly kite like you do, I won’t

12. Spelling
Spelling in the research work should be consistent, clean and
correct expert in quotation. The spelling in the quotation
must be the original whether correct or incorrect. If we have
to divide any words, we should not do so at the end or the
line. If the word does not fit there, we should leave the space
and bring the words in the next line.

13. .

14. Capitalization
 Capitals for proper nouns. In other words, capitalize the names
of people, specific places, and things. For example: We don't
capitalize the word "bridge" unless it starts a sentence, but we
must capitalize Brooklyn Bridge because it is the name of a
specific bridge.

15. Quotations
The definition of a quotation is words or phrases that
are taken from someone else or from literary work or the
asking price of something. An example of a quotation is
when you take a passage from Shakespeare and repeat it
as written without changing any of the words.

16. .

17. Abbreviation
Never use abbreviations that aren’t familiar to your
readers unless you’re trying to hide the meaning
intentionally. The best practice would be to use the
full title first, followed immediately by the
abbreviation. Once this is done, you could use the
abbreviation instead. Familiarize your reader with
the abbreviations that you use, don’t let them have to
wonder what they actually mean.

18. .

19. .
 INITIALISM
 An initialism is formed from the first letter of a group of words. We
pronounce each letter individually.
 For example
 FBI Federal Bureau of investigation
 CEO Chief Executive Officer.
 ACRONYM
 An acronym is formed from the first letter of a group of
words.
 For example
 RAM Random Access Memory
 SIM Subscriber identity Module

20. .
 SHORTENINGS
 A shortening is an abbreviation in which the beginning or
end of the word has been omitted.
 For example
 ad advertisement
 app application
 CONTRACTION
 Contraction are abbreviation in which we omit letter from the middle
of a word . We do not write a full stop at the end of a contraction. The
first letter is a capital letter only if the full word starts with a capital
letter.
 For example
 Dr Doctor
 Govt Government