Abstract In any engineering field the data associated with knowledge is important one for taking decisions for solving problems in the current system development. The specification mining can give support for analyzing collected data to help the project management team to fulfill their responsibilities. In this paper ‘Package Specification Mining’ is designed by using packages’ reusability quality factor. It supports to give effort required for modifying the package to be reusable package for using those packages in new software development. This methodology may reduce the risks in various domains of software engineering. Keywords: Specification Mining, Reusability, Effort Estimation, Coupling, Project Management
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Reusability is an only one best direction to increase developing productivity and maintainability of application. One must first search for good tested software component and reusable. Developed Application software by one programmer can be shown useful for others also component. This is proving that code specifics to application requirements can be also reused in develop projects related with same requirements. The main aim of this paper proposed a way for reusable module. An process that takes source code as a input that will helped to take the decision approximately which particular software, reusable artefacts should be reused or not.
Reengineering framework for open source software using decision tree approachIJECEIAES
A Software engineering is an approach to software development. Once software gets developed and delivered, it needs maintenance. Changes in software incur due to new requirements of the end-user, identification of bug in software or failure to achieve system objective. It has been observed that successive maintenance in the developed software reduces software quality and degrades the performance of software system. Reengineering is an approach of retaining the software quality and improving maintainability of the software system. But the question arises “when to reengineer the software”. The paper proposed a framework for software reengineering process using decision tree approach which helps decision makers to decide whether to maintain or reengineer the software systems.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Reusability is an only one best direction to increase developing productivity and maintainability of application. One must first search for good tested software component and reusable. Developed Application software by one programmer can be shown useful for others also component. This is proving that code specifics to application requirements can be also reused in develop projects related with same requirements. The main aim of this paper proposed a way for reusable module. An process that takes source code as a input that will helped to take the decision approximately which particular software, reusable artefacts should be reused or not.
Reengineering framework for open source software using decision tree approachIJECEIAES
A Software engineering is an approach to software development. Once software gets developed and delivered, it needs maintenance. Changes in software incur due to new requirements of the end-user, identification of bug in software or failure to achieve system objective. It has been observed that successive maintenance in the developed software reduces software quality and degrades the performance of software system. Reengineering is an approach of retaining the software quality and improving maintainability of the software system. But the question arises “when to reengineer the software”. The paper proposed a framework for software reengineering process using decision tree approach which helps decision makers to decide whether to maintain or reengineer the software systems.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
In the software measurement validations, assessing the validation of software metrics in software
engineering is a very difficult task due to lack of theoretical methodology and empirical methodology [41,
44, 45]. During recent years, there have been a number of researchers addressing the issue of validating
software metrics. At present, software metrics are validated theoretically using properties of measures.
Further, software measurement plays an important role in understanding and controlling software
development practices and products. The major requirement in software measurement is that the measures
must represent accurately those attributes they purport to quantify and validation is critical to the success
of software measurement. Normally, validation is a collection of analysis and testing activities across the
full life cycle and complements the efforts of other quality engineering functions and validation is a critical
task in any engineering project. Further, validation objective is to discover defects in a system and assess
whether or not the system is useful and usable in operational situation. In the case of software engineering,
validation is one of the software engineering disciplines that help build quality into software. The major
objective of software validation process is to determine that the software performs its intended functions
correctly and provides information about its quality and reliability. This paper discusses the validation
methodology, techniques and different properties of measures that are used for software metrics validation.
In most cases, theoretical and empirical validations are conducted for software metrics validations in
software engineering [1-50].
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Software Metrics for Identifying Software Size in Software Development ProjectsVishvi Vidanapathirana
This paper defines the best software metrics that can be used to define the size of the software in the current industry of information technology (IT)
A metrics suite for variable categorizationt to support program invariants[IJCSEA Journal
Invariants are generally implicit. Explicitly stating program invariants, help programmers to identify
program properties that must be preserved while modifying the code. Existing dynamic techniques detect
invariants which includes both relevant and irrelevant/unused variables and thereby relevant and
irrelevant invariants involved in the program. Due to the presence of irrelevant variables and irrelevant
invariants, speed and efficiency of techniques are affected. Also, displaying properties about irrelevant
variables and irrelevant invariants distracts the user from concentrating on properties of relevant
variables. To overcome these deficiencies only relevant variables are considered by ignoring irrelevant
variables. Further, relevant variables are categorized as design variables and non-design variables. For
this purpose a metrics suite is proposed. These metrics are validated against Weyuker’s principles and
applied on RFV and JLex open source software. Similarly, relevant invariants are categorized as design
invariants, non-design invariants and hybrid invariants. For this purpose a set of rules are proposed. This
entire process enormously improves the speed and efficiency of dynamic invariant detection techniques
Measurement model of software quality in user’s perceptioneSAT Journals
Abstract An increasing emphasis on consumer demand and expanded development budgets of software development firms fuel the need to upgrade software quality. Software quality is largely measured by quality standards and guidelines. This paper presents a method for modeling users’ perception of software quality. The method aims to improve the quality of data derived from user opinion surveys and facilitate the analysis of such data. The proposed model offers a way to measure users’ opinion in early stages of product release and a way of predicting the opinion subsequently formed after their opinion revisions using the initial measurements. Therefore, this work develops a conceptual software quality measurement model for evaluating software quality to decrease the perceptive and expectative (or quality) measuring gap between a software development firm and the end user’s requirements. Index Terms: Software quality, Software development, Quality Measurement, Quality Evaluations, & Quality Attributes
AN APPROACH FOR TEST CASE PRIORITIZATION BASED UPON VARYING REQUIREMENTS IJCSEA Journal
Software testing is a process continuously performed by the development team during the life cycle of the software with the motive to detect the faults as early as possible. Regressing testing is the most suitable technique for this in which we test number of test cases. As the number of test cases can be very large it is always preferable to prioritize test cases based upon certain criterions.In this paper prioritization strategy is proposed which prioritize test cases based on requirements analysis. By regressing testing if the requirements will vary in future, the software will be modified in such a manner that it will not affect the remaining parts of the software. The proposed system improves the testing process and its efficiency to achieve goals regarding quality, cost, and effort as well user satisfaction and the result of the proposed method evaluated with the help of performance evaluation metric.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Test case prioritization using hyperlink ranking eSAT Journals
Abstract Era of cloud computing where majority of the application is becoming web based enterprise computing. User prefer online web application for easy of use and business continuity [1]. Software companies have come up in huge numbers for developing web based enterprise application. Testing is an integral part of any software company which requires more effort. Enterprise applications are complex and navigation is largely based on hyperlink connecting the web pages. Testing phase mostly associated with time constrain to accomplish the task associated in this phase. Main activity of testing phase is execution of test case to test the application. Exhaustive testing is not possible and release a software system without testing the entire application is risk [2]. This paper demonstrates how graph theory can be used to prioritize the test case execution. Keywords: Testing, Graph theory application
EARLY STAGE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EFFORT ESTIMATIONS – MAMDANI FIS VS NEURAL N...cscpconf
Accurately estimating the software size, cost, effort and schedule is probably the biggest
challenge facing software developers today. It has major implications for the management of
software development because both the overestimates and underestimates have direct impact for
causing damage to software companies. Lot of models have been proposed over the years by
various researchers for carrying out effort estimations. Also some of the studies for early stage
effort estimations suggest the importance of early estimations. New paradigms offer alternatives
to estimate the software development effort, in particular the Computational Intelligence (CI)
that exploits mechanisms of interaction between humans and processes domain
knowledge with the intention of building intelligent systems (IS). Among IS,
Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic are the two most popular soft computing techniques
for software development effort estimation. In this paper neural network models and Mamdani
FIS model have been used to predict the early stage effort estimations using the student dataset.
It has been found that Mamdani FIS was able to predict the early stage efforts more efficiently in
comparison to the neural network models based models.
Analysis of Software Complexity Measures for Regression TestingIDES Editor
Software metrics is applied evaluating and assuring
software code quality, it requires a model to convert internal
quality attributes to code reliability. High degree of complexity
in a component (function, subroutine, object, class etc.) is bad
in comparison to a low degree of complexity in a component.
Various internal codes attribute which can be used to indirectly
assess code quality. In this paper, we analyze the software
complexity measures for regression testing which enables the
tester/developer to reduce software development cost and
improve testing efficacy and software code quality. This
analysis is based on a static analysis and different approaches
presented in the software engineering literature.
Function Point Software Cost Estimates using Neuro-Fuzzy techniqueijceronline
Software estimation accuracy is among the greatest challenges for software developers. As Neurofuzzy based system is able to approximate the non-linear function with more precision so it is used as a soft computing approach to generate model by formulating the relationship based on its training. The approach presented in this paper is independent of the nature and type of estimation. In this paper, Function point is used as algorithmic model and an attempt is being made to validate the soundness of Neuro fuzzy technique using ISBSG and NASA project data.
A study of various viewpoints and aspects software quality perspectiveeSAT Journals
Abstract The software quality is very important research of software engineering grown from the last two decades. The software engineering paradigm adopted by many organizations to develop the high quality software at affordable cost. The high quality software is considered as one of the key factor in the rapid growth of Global Software Development. The software metrics computes and evaluates the quality characteristics and used to take quantitative and qualitative decisions for risk assessment and reduction. The multiple stakeholders can view the software quality in multiple angles with various aspects. In this paper we present multiple views of the software quality with respect to various quality aspects. Key Words : Stakeholders, Functional aspect, Structural aspect, Process aspect, Metrics etc.
Effect of silica fume on the strength of cement mortareSAT Journals
Abstract
The replacement of sand/cement by certain percentage of silica fumes, resulted in the improvement in compressive strength of the mortar. Silica fumes to the highly pozzolanic materials because it consists essentially of silica in non- crystalline form with a high specific surface. It is used to improve the mechanical properties of the concrete. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of silica fume on the compressive strength of mortar. Three proportions of mixes viz mix 1:3, mix 1:4 and mix 1:6 with different percentages of silica fumes replacement with sand/cement were used. The maximum increase in strength at the age of 28 days when sand is replaced by 15% of silica fume has been observed as 40% and in case of cement replaced with 15% of silica fume, the observed increase in compressive strength of mortar comes out to be 28%.
A quantitative cost analysis shows that with the replacement of cement and sand by silica fume, the in cost is more when sand is replaced and it is less when cement is replaced.
Keywords: pozzolanic, silica fumes, non- crystalline, compressive strength
Predicting construction project duration with support vector machineeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a forecasting model for construction time, using support vector machine (SVM) – recently one of the most accurate predictive models. Every construction contract contains project deadline as an essential element of the contract. The practice shows that a considerably present problem is that of non-compliance of the contracted and real construction time. It's often the case that construction time is determined arbitrarily. The produced dynamic plans are only of formal character and not a reflection of the real possibilities of the contractor. First, a linear regression model has been applied to the data for 75 objects, using Bromilow’s “time cost” model. After that a support vector machine model to the same data was applied and significant improvement of the accuracy of the prediction was obtained. Keywords construction time, construction costs, artificial neural network, linear regression, support vector machine
Electrolytic capacitor online failure detection and life prediction methodologyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Various basic, efficient and cheap techniques are used for the purpose of life forecast and failure detection of aluminum electrolytic capacitors which are utilized as a part of many power electronic converters. The main idea of these techniques is to calculate the values of Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and Capacitance (C). Observing the ESR values, valuation of changes in voltage and current of electrolytic capacitor, can gauge the well being state of the converter as well as life period of capacitor. But these techniques fails to consider all four parameters temperature, frequency, voltage and current simultaneously that affect the life period of electrolytic capacitor. The goal of this paper is to propose a comprehensive platform for electrolytic capacitor life period estimation. Proposed method consider all parameters that are limiting age of Aluminium electrolytic capacitor in switched power DC-DC buck converter.
Keywords: ESR, C, KT , KV , KR , KF , LO , LX and DC-DC power converter.
Effect of mill scale and fly ash waste on the performance of cement mortareSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper investigates effect of mill scale and fly ash wastes as a replacement of fine aggregate generally natural sand on the performance of cement mortar. Utilization of fly ash and mill scale in cement mortar production not only provides significant environmental benefits but also enhances performance of the cement mortar when used at optimum amounts. They may be used in the form of finely ground additive to replace part of aggregates in cement mortar. This study looked at the feasibility of mill scale and fly ash waste inclusion as partial aggregate replacement in normal cement mortar. Properties of cement mortar incorporating fly ash and mill scale waste as partial substitution for natural aggregate were investigated. The study involves six replacement levels of mill scale and fly ash wastes into cement mortar for each mix design. Mortar cubes are tested for strength, & water absorption. The partial replacement of fine aggregate by M(3,30), M(5,30), M(8,30), M(10,30), M(12,30), M(15,30) ( M-mix of mill scale & fly ash %) improves the properties of normal mortar. In the design mix of industrial wastes produced, percentage of fly ash is kept constant (30 %) and mill scale is varied from 0 to 15 % by weight of natural sand. The test results indicate that the mechanical properties of mill scale and fly ash modified mortar are improved to a great extent, whereas the water absorption is reduced as compared to that of plain mortar.
Keywords: Mill Scale, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Durability, Water Absorption, Density
In the software measurement validations, assessing the validation of software metrics in software
engineering is a very difficult task due to lack of theoretical methodology and empirical methodology [41,
44, 45]. During recent years, there have been a number of researchers addressing the issue of validating
software metrics. At present, software metrics are validated theoretically using properties of measures.
Further, software measurement plays an important role in understanding and controlling software
development practices and products. The major requirement in software measurement is that the measures
must represent accurately those attributes they purport to quantify and validation is critical to the success
of software measurement. Normally, validation is a collection of analysis and testing activities across the
full life cycle and complements the efforts of other quality engineering functions and validation is a critical
task in any engineering project. Further, validation objective is to discover defects in a system and assess
whether or not the system is useful and usable in operational situation. In the case of software engineering,
validation is one of the software engineering disciplines that help build quality into software. The major
objective of software validation process is to determine that the software performs its intended functions
correctly and provides information about its quality and reliability. This paper discusses the validation
methodology, techniques and different properties of measures that are used for software metrics validation.
In most cases, theoretical and empirical validations are conducted for software metrics validations in
software engineering [1-50].
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Software Metrics for Identifying Software Size in Software Development ProjectsVishvi Vidanapathirana
This paper defines the best software metrics that can be used to define the size of the software in the current industry of information technology (IT)
A metrics suite for variable categorizationt to support program invariants[IJCSEA Journal
Invariants are generally implicit. Explicitly stating program invariants, help programmers to identify
program properties that must be preserved while modifying the code. Existing dynamic techniques detect
invariants which includes both relevant and irrelevant/unused variables and thereby relevant and
irrelevant invariants involved in the program. Due to the presence of irrelevant variables and irrelevant
invariants, speed and efficiency of techniques are affected. Also, displaying properties about irrelevant
variables and irrelevant invariants distracts the user from concentrating on properties of relevant
variables. To overcome these deficiencies only relevant variables are considered by ignoring irrelevant
variables. Further, relevant variables are categorized as design variables and non-design variables. For
this purpose a metrics suite is proposed. These metrics are validated against Weyuker’s principles and
applied on RFV and JLex open source software. Similarly, relevant invariants are categorized as design
invariants, non-design invariants and hybrid invariants. For this purpose a set of rules are proposed. This
entire process enormously improves the speed and efficiency of dynamic invariant detection techniques
Measurement model of software quality in user’s perceptioneSAT Journals
Abstract An increasing emphasis on consumer demand and expanded development budgets of software development firms fuel the need to upgrade software quality. Software quality is largely measured by quality standards and guidelines. This paper presents a method for modeling users’ perception of software quality. The method aims to improve the quality of data derived from user opinion surveys and facilitate the analysis of such data. The proposed model offers a way to measure users’ opinion in early stages of product release and a way of predicting the opinion subsequently formed after their opinion revisions using the initial measurements. Therefore, this work develops a conceptual software quality measurement model for evaluating software quality to decrease the perceptive and expectative (or quality) measuring gap between a software development firm and the end user’s requirements. Index Terms: Software quality, Software development, Quality Measurement, Quality Evaluations, & Quality Attributes
AN APPROACH FOR TEST CASE PRIORITIZATION BASED UPON VARYING REQUIREMENTS IJCSEA Journal
Software testing is a process continuously performed by the development team during the life cycle of the software with the motive to detect the faults as early as possible. Regressing testing is the most suitable technique for this in which we test number of test cases. As the number of test cases can be very large it is always preferable to prioritize test cases based upon certain criterions.In this paper prioritization strategy is proposed which prioritize test cases based on requirements analysis. By regressing testing if the requirements will vary in future, the software will be modified in such a manner that it will not affect the remaining parts of the software. The proposed system improves the testing process and its efficiency to achieve goals regarding quality, cost, and effort as well user satisfaction and the result of the proposed method evaluated with the help of performance evaluation metric.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Test case prioritization using hyperlink ranking eSAT Journals
Abstract Era of cloud computing where majority of the application is becoming web based enterprise computing. User prefer online web application for easy of use and business continuity [1]. Software companies have come up in huge numbers for developing web based enterprise application. Testing is an integral part of any software company which requires more effort. Enterprise applications are complex and navigation is largely based on hyperlink connecting the web pages. Testing phase mostly associated with time constrain to accomplish the task associated in this phase. Main activity of testing phase is execution of test case to test the application. Exhaustive testing is not possible and release a software system without testing the entire application is risk [2]. This paper demonstrates how graph theory can be used to prioritize the test case execution. Keywords: Testing, Graph theory application
EARLY STAGE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EFFORT ESTIMATIONS – MAMDANI FIS VS NEURAL N...cscpconf
Accurately estimating the software size, cost, effort and schedule is probably the biggest
challenge facing software developers today. It has major implications for the management of
software development because both the overestimates and underestimates have direct impact for
causing damage to software companies. Lot of models have been proposed over the years by
various researchers for carrying out effort estimations. Also some of the studies for early stage
effort estimations suggest the importance of early estimations. New paradigms offer alternatives
to estimate the software development effort, in particular the Computational Intelligence (CI)
that exploits mechanisms of interaction between humans and processes domain
knowledge with the intention of building intelligent systems (IS). Among IS,
Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic are the two most popular soft computing techniques
for software development effort estimation. In this paper neural network models and Mamdani
FIS model have been used to predict the early stage effort estimations using the student dataset.
It has been found that Mamdani FIS was able to predict the early stage efforts more efficiently in
comparison to the neural network models based models.
Analysis of Software Complexity Measures for Regression TestingIDES Editor
Software metrics is applied evaluating and assuring
software code quality, it requires a model to convert internal
quality attributes to code reliability. High degree of complexity
in a component (function, subroutine, object, class etc.) is bad
in comparison to a low degree of complexity in a component.
Various internal codes attribute which can be used to indirectly
assess code quality. In this paper, we analyze the software
complexity measures for regression testing which enables the
tester/developer to reduce software development cost and
improve testing efficacy and software code quality. This
analysis is based on a static analysis and different approaches
presented in the software engineering literature.
Function Point Software Cost Estimates using Neuro-Fuzzy techniqueijceronline
Software estimation accuracy is among the greatest challenges for software developers. As Neurofuzzy based system is able to approximate the non-linear function with more precision so it is used as a soft computing approach to generate model by formulating the relationship based on its training. The approach presented in this paper is independent of the nature and type of estimation. In this paper, Function point is used as algorithmic model and an attempt is being made to validate the soundness of Neuro fuzzy technique using ISBSG and NASA project data.
A study of various viewpoints and aspects software quality perspectiveeSAT Journals
Abstract The software quality is very important research of software engineering grown from the last two decades. The software engineering paradigm adopted by many organizations to develop the high quality software at affordable cost. The high quality software is considered as one of the key factor in the rapid growth of Global Software Development. The software metrics computes and evaluates the quality characteristics and used to take quantitative and qualitative decisions for risk assessment and reduction. The multiple stakeholders can view the software quality in multiple angles with various aspects. In this paper we present multiple views of the software quality with respect to various quality aspects. Key Words : Stakeholders, Functional aspect, Structural aspect, Process aspect, Metrics etc.
Effect of silica fume on the strength of cement mortareSAT Journals
Abstract
The replacement of sand/cement by certain percentage of silica fumes, resulted in the improvement in compressive strength of the mortar. Silica fumes to the highly pozzolanic materials because it consists essentially of silica in non- crystalline form with a high specific surface. It is used to improve the mechanical properties of the concrete. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of silica fume on the compressive strength of mortar. Three proportions of mixes viz mix 1:3, mix 1:4 and mix 1:6 with different percentages of silica fumes replacement with sand/cement were used. The maximum increase in strength at the age of 28 days when sand is replaced by 15% of silica fume has been observed as 40% and in case of cement replaced with 15% of silica fume, the observed increase in compressive strength of mortar comes out to be 28%.
A quantitative cost analysis shows that with the replacement of cement and sand by silica fume, the in cost is more when sand is replaced and it is less when cement is replaced.
Keywords: pozzolanic, silica fumes, non- crystalline, compressive strength
Predicting construction project duration with support vector machineeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a forecasting model for construction time, using support vector machine (SVM) – recently one of the most accurate predictive models. Every construction contract contains project deadline as an essential element of the contract. The practice shows that a considerably present problem is that of non-compliance of the contracted and real construction time. It's often the case that construction time is determined arbitrarily. The produced dynamic plans are only of formal character and not a reflection of the real possibilities of the contractor. First, a linear regression model has been applied to the data for 75 objects, using Bromilow’s “time cost” model. After that a support vector machine model to the same data was applied and significant improvement of the accuracy of the prediction was obtained. Keywords construction time, construction costs, artificial neural network, linear regression, support vector machine
Electrolytic capacitor online failure detection and life prediction methodologyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Various basic, efficient and cheap techniques are used for the purpose of life forecast and failure detection of aluminum electrolytic capacitors which are utilized as a part of many power electronic converters. The main idea of these techniques is to calculate the values of Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and Capacitance (C). Observing the ESR values, valuation of changes in voltage and current of electrolytic capacitor, can gauge the well being state of the converter as well as life period of capacitor. But these techniques fails to consider all four parameters temperature, frequency, voltage and current simultaneously that affect the life period of electrolytic capacitor. The goal of this paper is to propose a comprehensive platform for electrolytic capacitor life period estimation. Proposed method consider all parameters that are limiting age of Aluminium electrolytic capacitor in switched power DC-DC buck converter.
Keywords: ESR, C, KT , KV , KR , KF , LO , LX and DC-DC power converter.
Effect of mill scale and fly ash waste on the performance of cement mortareSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper investigates effect of mill scale and fly ash wastes as a replacement of fine aggregate generally natural sand on the performance of cement mortar. Utilization of fly ash and mill scale in cement mortar production not only provides significant environmental benefits but also enhances performance of the cement mortar when used at optimum amounts. They may be used in the form of finely ground additive to replace part of aggregates in cement mortar. This study looked at the feasibility of mill scale and fly ash waste inclusion as partial aggregate replacement in normal cement mortar. Properties of cement mortar incorporating fly ash and mill scale waste as partial substitution for natural aggregate were investigated. The study involves six replacement levels of mill scale and fly ash wastes into cement mortar for each mix design. Mortar cubes are tested for strength, & water absorption. The partial replacement of fine aggregate by M(3,30), M(5,30), M(8,30), M(10,30), M(12,30), M(15,30) ( M-mix of mill scale & fly ash %) improves the properties of normal mortar. In the design mix of industrial wastes produced, percentage of fly ash is kept constant (30 %) and mill scale is varied from 0 to 15 % by weight of natural sand. The test results indicate that the mechanical properties of mill scale and fly ash modified mortar are improved to a great extent, whereas the water absorption is reduced as compared to that of plain mortar.
Keywords: Mill Scale, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Durability, Water Absorption, Density
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Computation of blast loading for a multi storeyed framed buildingeSAT Journals
Abstract
The number and intensity of domestic and international terrorist activities have heightened our concerns towards the safety of our infrastructure systems. Due to different accidental or intentional events, related to important structures all over the world, explosive loads or blast loads have received considerable attention in recent years. The development in this field is made mostly through publication of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency. In India also, the guidelines for the blast loading are published in IS 4991. In the present study, blast pressures for different weights of surface blast or TNT and varying stand-off distances are computed for a multi-storeyed framed building adopting wave scaling laws given by U.S Army technical manual (UFC3-340-02). Blast pressures for different cases are computed using correlation between blast pressure and blast scaled distance based on charts given in U.S manual. Time history loading is also obtained with parameters of reflected total over pressure and duration of positive phase of blast.
Keywords: blast loading, blast wave, scaled distance, blast pressure.
Enhancing the performance of cluster based text summarization using support v...eSAT Journals
Abstract Technology is evolving day by day and this increase in technology is nothing but is the efforts to reduce human work and to have systems as automatic as possible. Same thing is true in terms of existence of digital information. Due to enormous increase in the use of internet, there is striking increase in the digital information. This digital information is characterized by different form of information, same information in different form, unrelated information and also there is lot of redundant information. Another next important thing to note is that most of the time we require textual information. To search or retrieve small information one has to go through thousands of documents, read all the retrieved documents irrespective whether they contain useful information or no. It becomes very difficult to read all the retrieved documents and prepare exact summary out of it within time. Besides this, many times retrieved information is repeated in almost many documents. This leads to research in the area of text mining. Text summarization is one of the challenging tasks in the field of text mining. Keywords: Entropy, FCM, Purity, SVM
The effect of band engineering of semiconductors on photocatalyic water split...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The direct conversion of solar energy using a photocatalyst in a water splitting reaction is a source of a sustainable and clean hydrogen supply. In general, photocatalysts are semiconductors that possess valence and conduction bands. These energy bands permit the absorption of photon energy to excite electrons in the outer orbitals of the photocatalysts. Photoexcited electron and hole pairs can subsequently induce a watersplitting reaction to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Photocatalytic water splitting is affected by the band level and crystallinity of the photocatalyst. Therefore, band engineering using chemical modifications such as cationic and anionic modification could createa photocatalyst suitable for the large-scale production of hydrogen. In this paper, cationic and anionic modifications of photocatalysts and the effects of these modifications onphotocatalytic water splitting are reviewed. Keywords: Water splitting; Photocatalysis; Hydrogen
Slow steady motion of a thermo viscous fluid between two parallel plates with...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, the slow steady motion of a second order thermo-viscous fluid between two parallel plates is examined. The closed form
solutions of the velocity and temperature distributions are obtained when thermo-stress coefficient is far less compared to strain
thermal conductivity coefficient and coefficient of cross viscosity for the following two cases: (i) when the upper plate is in relative
motion and (ii) when the upper plate is thermally insulated. The heat transfer coefficient on the upper plate , The mean Bulk
temperature and the transverse force perpendicular to the flow direction are also calculated. It is observed that forces are generated
in transverse directions which are special feature of these types of fluids. The effect of various flow parameters on the flow field have
been discussed with the help of graphical illustrations.
Keywords: Thermo-viscous fluids, Strain thermal conductivity coefficient and Thermo stress Coefficient.
Ecg based heart rate monitoring system implementation using fpga for low powe...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper proposes a new design to monitor the Heart Rate from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The proposed design is based on the concept of identifying the voltage level of the R-wave complex component of the ECG signal above a threshold level. A 100 Hertz sample rate is selected to sample the complex ECG signal. A dual-counter based calculation method is used to obtain the mathematical value of Heart Rate. The proposed FPGA based ECG Heart Rate monitoring system can operate with high performance with respect to the low-power and high speed. The system is designed using Verilog hardware design language and Xilinx XC3s500E FPGA. Keywords- ECG, Sampling, Threshold, Heart Rate, FPGA
Optimization of biodiesel from argemone oil with different reaction parameter...eSAT Journals
Abstract This experiment work is to investigate the performance parameters of single cylinder, four stroke engine connected to eddy current dynamometer fuelled with argemone biodiesel and blend with diesel fuel under different load condition (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) and constant engine running speed. The performance parameters consist of brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The argemone mexicana oil was used for production of biodiesel. The transesterification process was used for production of argemone oil methyl ester by using methanol in the presence of sodium metal as a catalyst. The process undergoing various reaction conditions with molar ratio (1:6, 1:3, 1:9 oil to methanol), reaction time (60 min, 90 min, 120 min), reaction temperature (55°C, 65°C, 75°C, 85°C) and catalyst (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% w/w of oil) effects the fuel properties of argemone biodiesel. The most favorable conditions for transesterification of argemone oil with methanol in the presence of sodium metal as a catalyst was found with molar ratio 1:6 (oil to methanol), reaction time 120 min, reaction temperature 75°C and catalyst 1.5% (w/w of oil). The fuel properties were calculated and compared with Diesel. The result shows that argemone biodiesel blend (AB10 and AB20) have improved fuel property and brake thermal efficiency, brake power and specific fuel consumption value closer to diesel value. Keywords: Argemone mexicana oil, Transesterification, Sodium metal Catalyst, Methyl ester, Biodiesel Properties, Engine Performance.
Statistical optimization of process parameters for gelatinization of potato (...eSAT Journals
Abstract Potato, a cost effective source of starch, a root vegetable is grown in more than 100 countries in the world. India holds 2nd position in potato production in the world and West Bengal 1st position in India. Potato is processed into a variety of products ranging from potato powder, potato starch, frozen potato flakes, baby food and alcohol, potato chips, French fries, potato flakes/powder etc. In this study, the main objective was statistical optimization of the condition for potato gelatinization and effect of potassium metabisulphite (KMS) concentration on potato starch in gelatinization process. The range of the factors employed were gelatinization pressure, time and different concentration of KMS. The optimized gelatinization condition was 10psig for 15 minutes and 200ppm KMS. The percentage of gelatinized starch at optimized gelatinized condition was 35.67 (dry weight basis). Optimization of effective concentration of potassium metabisulphite (KMS) to retain the colour of potato was also studied and the optimized effective concentration of KMS to retain the colour was 200ppm. RSM modeling, simple regression was used as a tool to study different interactive and linear effect of different factors and significance of the factors. Keywords: potato starch, gelatinization, KMS concentration, colour retention, RSM modeling, regression equation.
Experimental study of vermiculite insulated samples with conventional samples...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the present study, exfoliated vermiculite is studied, it is used as a filler material because of its low bulk density, high refractoriness, low thermal conductivity and adequate chemical inertness. All along vermiculite has high amount of silica content. Thus effective utilisation of silica based materials as a building material. Presently, vermiculite is used for its light weight in the construction industry as a filler material above the deck slab. Experimentally some of cases are studied by using vermiculite in some of the applications in the construction industry. Case 1: One of the famous for tradition was originated in India at conventional tile which is especially designed for chettinad. Following some same methodology of the traditional tiles designed some of the mix proportions by increasing the usefulness of the tile. The tile which accepts the heat resisting parameters we designed the tile fulfilling the heat insulation property, flooring tile, roofing tile and as well as in weathering course tile replacing conventional weathering coarsee tiles. Various mixes were prepared using different percentage of vermiculite and water cement ratio. The developed vermiculite cement tiles exhibited low water absorption, better strength properties compared with the tradition famous conventional tiles used for flooring tile purpose. Thus it involve a continuous study and it combined by introducing the material which is suited for construction industry with vermiculite. Vermiculite insulated tile which is light in weight which is easy to handle. Designed some vermiculite mortar with various mix design ratios. Second case if it is implemented in concrete the strength parameters and some of the physical properties of the vermiculite insulated products. The special characteristics and usage of this material would decrease the structural weight can be decreased. Considering some other characteristics it is quite good material if it is replaced partial form gives better results.
Keywords: vermiculite concrete, lightweight, vermiculitetile, SEM, EDS.
Abstract
When passenger car hits the truck-trailer at rear, it penetrates inside the truck bed called truck trailer under-ride crash. This is responsible for thousands of accidents, causing severe injuries and spot death. This is mostly due to the lack of effective guards. The Present work focuses on energy absorption analysis of a Rear under Run Protection Device (RUPD) under crash scenario. The aim of the study is to replace Steel RUPD with RUPD made of composite material to reduce weight of the vehicle. In this study carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites were selected due to their high specific strength and specific stiffness which make them a preferred candidate in the material selection for modern lightweight structures in automotive engineering which can contribute to the improvement of mileage in addition to safety of the occupants. The RUPD was modelled in CATIA. Finite element model was generated in HYPERMESH and analysed in LS-DYNA for both Carbon/Epoxy RUPD and Steel RUPD and observed that Carbon/Epoxy RUPD absorbs 50% of kinetic energy; whereas steel RUPD absorbs 90%. But weight of Steel RUPD is 75 kg whereas the weight of Carbon/Epoxy RUPD is less than Steel RUPD which found to be below 15 kg. This results in weight reduction and increases mileage of the vehicle. Considering above advantage, composites can be potential candidate for RUPD.
Keywords- Carbon/Epoxy, Catia, Hypermesh, LS-Dyna, RUPD, Steel
Robust control of pmsm using genetic algorithm analysis with pideSAT Journals
Abstract In recent years, a remarkable evolution has been achieved by control systems in different application in Robot and many other Areas. One of the significant applications of developing control systems is the Acceleration control in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. Control operations are performed statically even after the proposal of diverse techniques in the literature. In addition, H∞ controllers are hardly ever utilized to accomplish this. As a result of this, delayed stability problem occurs in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor while controlling the acceleration or velocity. In this paper, a graphical-based acceleration stabilization technique is proposed to accomplish effective stability in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor controlling operations. the proposed technique is compared with PID Controller to obtain the best performance specifications such motors with large stability margins with robust control can be effectly used in the field of robot application. Keywords: H∞ Controller, PMSM, Stability, Acceleration, Optimisation.
Solar powered stirling engine driven water pumpeSAT Journals
Abstract Depletion of non-renewable resources has been a major problem that we face in today’s world, thus taking this into consideration, in this paper we deal with the powering of water pump using solar energy, for this purpose we use the principle of stirling cycle to achieve the desired result. Parabolic mirror is used to concentrate the solar beams onto the area where enough energy is produced to drive the stirling engine which works on the basic principal of the conversion of the heat energy to mechanical work depending on the heat difference being provided. A country like India, where energy crisis is a frequently observed problem, our system could be of great use especially in the areas where water deficiency is high, where shortage of electricity is a known fact. Our system uses the only abundant renewable energy that is the sun light for drawing out water from underground water beds which can be used to generate electric power, this method can act as an important tool. Keywords: Stirling engine, temperature difference, load, solar energy, water pump.
Performance and emission characteristics of al2 o3 coated lhr engine operated...eSAT Journals
Abstract Biodiesel is a renewable and environmental friendly alternative fuel which can be used as a substitute for diesel in compression engine. Biodiesel can be prepared from vegetable oils and animal fats. But the application of biodiesel in diesel engine will decrease the engine’s efficiency and increase the specific fuel consumption. Application of ceramic coatings in engine will help to solve these problems. This paper presents the experimental results of mahua oil biodiesel blend in an Al2O3 ceramic coated compression ignition engine. The brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen emissions of both diesel and mahua oil biodiesel blend were measured before and after coating and the results are described in this paper. Keywords: Mahua oil, biodiesel, ceramic coating, low heat rejection.
Recent developments in iris based biometric authentication systemseSAT Journals
Abstract Authenticating the identity of an individual has become one of the most important aspects in many applications today. The iris based biometric system has therefore gained huge attention in this field. This strong interest is driven by its high level of accuracy and highly promising applications. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the various researches carried out in this field and the several techniques which forms a part of the biometric system using iris based recognition. The main emphasis is laid on the techniques or methods for segmentation, feature extraction and matching. Various methods for all this issues have been discussed in order to examine the state of art. Finally some challenges and future scopes have been discussed. Keywords:-Iris based recognition, segmentation, feature extraction, matching insert.
Pushover analysis of rc frame structure with floating column and soft story i...eSAT Journals
Abstract Open first story and Floating column are typical features in the modern multi-storey constructions in urban India. Such features are highly undesirable in buildings built in seismically active areas; this has been verified in numerous experiences of strong shaking during the past earthquakes like Bhuj 2001. In this study an attempt is made to reveal the effects of floating column & soft story in different earthquake zones by seismic analysis. For this purpose Push over analysis is adopted because this analysis will yield performance level of building for design capacity (displacement) carried out up to failure, it helps determination of collapse load and ductility capacity of the structure. To achieve this objective, three RC bare frame structures with G+4, G+9, G+15 stories respectively will be analysed and compared the base force and displacement of RC bare frame structure with G+4, G+9, G+15 stories in different earthquake zones like Rajkot, Jamnagar and Bhuj using SAP 2000 14 analysis package. Keywords: - floating column, soft story, pushover analysis, earthquake resistant structure
An Approach to Calculate Reusability in Source Code Using MetricsIJERA Editor
Reusability is an only one best direction to increase developing productivity and maintainability of application. One must first search for good tested software component and reusable. Developed Application software by one programmer can be shown useful for others also component. This is proving that code specifics to application requirements can be also reused in develop projects related with same requirements. The main aim of this paper proposed a way for reusable module. An process that takes source code as a input that will helped to take the decision approximately which particular software, reusable artefacts should be reused or not.
Developing reusable software components for distributed embedded systemseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract
Big data plays a serious role within the business for creating higher predictions over business information that is collected from the real world. Finance is that the new sector wherever the big data technologies like Hadoop, NoSQL are creating its mark in predictions from financial data by the analysts. It’s a lot of fascinating within the stock exchange choices which might predict on a lot of profits of stock exchange. For this stock exchange analysis each regular information and historical information of specific stock exchange are needed for creating predictions. There are varied techniques used for analyzing the unstructured information like stock exchange reviews (day-to-day information) and historical statistic of economic information severally. This paper involves discussion regarding the strategies that square measure used for analyzing each varieties of information.
Keywords: Big data, prediction, finance, stock market, business intelligence
Design of a graphical user interface for designLaukik Raut
In research and development field, many research efforts have been made to save the overall time of product design and
development of any product. As we know that design phase has a lot of potential where overall time can be saved. Hence, design
automation has been the best concept came into picture which involves integration of different software like product design
software developed, modeling software and analysis software. It has been observed that many researchers are taking efforts in the
area of design automation like integration of different tailor made software developed using different computer programming
languages like Visual Basic, Java, C++ with different CAD software like Pro/E, CREO Parametric, CATIA, SolidWorks .But it is
observed that Visual Basic is having some better advantages over others like it will give dot frame work for design of product
input base as well as it can be easily interface with intermediate software like Microsoft excel which provides an input to other
modeling or analysis software and among all available parametric modeling software CREO is widely used in industries because
it has best parameterization quality. In this paper, integration of product design software developed using Visual Basic as
computer programming language and CREO Parametric as modeling software by taking the case study of design of CI Engine
parts has been done to validate the concept. Simulation of CI Engine is added in developed GUI which gives results of pressure,
temperature, volume at each crank angle of crankshaft in the form of graphs and maximum value of pressure and temperature got
are being used for structural and thermal analysis of major components.
Template based framework for rapid fast development of enterprise applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract High Quality Deliverables in Shortest duration is the key to win any future software business opportunities. Every Software Organization wants to achieve this but suffers problems like Delayed deliverables, Customer complaints, Poor Quality deliverables, Poor Turnaround time, Rework, Lack of time for reviews, Maintenance nightmares, resource dependencies, complex technology frameworks resulting slow learning curve, and challenges dealing with resources. Automation is the key to many of the problems; however, regular automation cannot address the issues of most commercial or enterprise applications at global level. Needs of every application is different making automation tough. There are many frameworks and custom standards available setting the expectations for development team, but considering complexity, it is practically impossible to ensure consistency of implementing the set expectations considering typical human ignorance tendencies.
Other alternative for Software Organizations is to make use of Specific Tools available from market. Most Automation tools are expensive and are catered design only specific category of problems. On the other side, Organizations making use of automation tools from market end up getting into a Vendor Lock for upgrades, maintenance, highly expensive consultant costs and support. This paper provides a Framework which can significantly address these challenges of Software Organizations. Irrelevant of technology area, most applications are database driven. Every operation that gets done on UI or through a service will have to be reflected in database. Considering specific needs of application or organization standards, an initial working flow (UI, Controller, Service, DAO) will be prepared by an expert for all levels of the framework to be used. Once the working flow is prepared, a template will be generated based on that. Template will be applied for all tables in database. Keywords: Automation, Development Framework, Productivity Improvement, Template based development, Server Side Development
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract The management of software cost, development effort and project planning are the key aspects of software development. Throughout the sixty-odd years of software development, the industry has gone at least four generations of programming languages and three major development paradigms. Still the total ability to move consistently from idea to product is yet to be achieved. In fact, recent studies document that the failure rate for software development has risen almost to 50 percent. There is no magic in managing software development successfully, but a number of issues related to software development make it unique. The basic problem of software development is risky. Some example of risk is error in estimation, schedule slips, project cancelled after numerous slips, high defect rate, system goes sour, business misunderstanding, false feature rich, staff turnover. XSoft Estimation addresses the risks by accurate measurement. A new methodology to estimate using software COSMIC-Full Function Point and named as EXtreme Software Estimation (XSoft Estimation). Based on the experience gained on the original XSoft project develpment, this paper describes what makes XSoft Estimation work from sizing to estimation. Keywords: -COSMIC function size unit, XSoft Estimation, XSoft Measurement, Cost Estimation.
On Demand Feedback Analysis for Certification Processrahulmonikasharma
Many companies provide certifications to other vendors to validate that the vendor’s product functions efficiently on their technology. But it so happens that the process of certification might take longer due to errors that pop up which the vendors will not be able to resolve. The vendors need to resolve the errors with the help of product owner’s engineers which is a lengthy and less efficient process. With this in regard, the solution of on-demand feedback analysis of the certification process proposed in this paper helps minimize the delay in the certification process.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Measuring effort for modifying software package as reusable package using package specification mining
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 318
MEASURING EFFORT FOR MODIFYING SOFTWARE PACKAGE AS
REUSABLE PACKAGE USING PACKAGE SPECIFICATION MINING
P. Ranjani1
, R. Kamalraj2
, A.Indira3
1, 3
AP, IT, Faculty of Engineering, Avinashilingam University, India
2
AP, CSE, SNS College of Technology, India
jothiranjani@gmail.com, mailtokamalraj@yahoo.com
Abstract
In any engineering field the data associated with knowledge is important one for taking decisions for solving problems in the current
system development. The specification mining can give support for analyzing collected data to help the project management team to
fulfill their responsibilities. In this paper ‘Package Specification Mining’ is designed by using packages’ reusability quality factor. It
supports to give effort required for modifying the package to be reusable package for using those packages in new software
development. This methodology may reduce the risks in various domains of software engineering.
Keywords: Specification Mining, Reusability, Effort Estimation, Coupling, Project Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Software Engineering, it focuses on developing software
systems to fulfill customers‟ business problem in a simplest
way. Hence project development activities are organized in a
proper manner to track the progress of any software project.
Project Management Team involved producing project plan by
assessing the available resources in industry. The project plan
should be effective one for satisfying both development and
customer‟s requirements. To make such characteristic in
development domain the effort estimation should be done very
prior. For doing effort estimation the available resources and
their level of availability should be accounted. In software
domain some software packages may not be categorized as
reusable package. But through experience the developer can
prefer such software packages for further use in the new
project construction. As well as to make that package as
usable one how much stuff or effort needed to be calculated.
To find that package modification effort, in this paper we
proposed a technique based on existing available software
packages.
1.1 Software Project Management
Developing a project is a critical task due to satisfy the needs
of both clients and software firm. The clients may not be
technical person. Hence it must be very difficult to understand
clients‟ requirements to startup the development activities.
The project management team comes to handle various
activities in development side. Those are
Effort Estimation
Requirements Management
Resource Management
Risk Management
Quality Management
The above management activities should be done properly by
the project management team to deliver the software with
specified quality attributes. Here the ROI (Return on
Investment) will be evaluated after the business deal. To
measure ROI and increase the ROI the „Effort Estimation‟ will
be done as per the available resources in industry side. This
activity is the initial activity of developing any system in
engineering fields. It is discussed in the following sections.
1.2 Software Effort Estimation
The two types of effort estimation techniques such as „Top-
Down‟ and „Bottom-up‟ are used to in software industry to
propose a project plan. The first technique calculates the effort
for total system and then subsystems can get the effort for
their construction. But in „Bottom-up‟ approach first the
effort for subsystems are identified and then through that the
effort for total systems can be found. The COCOMO model
will be used in software industry for getting accurate result of
effort estimation for planning the project development.
During effort estimation the cost, resources, manpower,
machines, time and other similarities between the projects are
the parameters of the estimation.
1.2.1 Modification Effort
During development the developer may have an idea to
acquire some software packages to develop his module. It may
not be proposed in the project plan. If it is revealed by the
developer that frequently he used a particular software
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 319
package with little modification then calculated effort is
wasted for that particular module. By modifying the existing
software packages as reusable one that may help in upcoming
project plan. So modification effort has to be calculated for
making a non-reusable package as reusable one. Through that
activity they can take a decision on whether go for
modification or purchasing suitable components from the
market.
1.3 Specification Mining
In software engineering „Specification Mining‟ used for
taking decisions for different activities involved in software
development life cycle. It can be used software testing phase
also for checking the characteristics made in the software. It is
not a data mining approach. A small collection of data sets
from the software development are used to construct the
specification mining.
1.4 Package Specification Mining
In this paper we proposed the technique to have package
details in Specification Mining for further usage in
development. In knowledge management system all the
details of developed software can be stored. But analyzing
unwanted details takes much time and it wastes effort for
doing that activity. So by taking particular details for
choosing decisions will be a best method. Only essential
features of software packages are taken to record in the
specification mining.
1.5 Software Testing
It is mandatory one in any engineering field for verifying and
validating the requirements. In software development many
types of testing are proposed to check different requirements
before deploying the system in customer business
environment. The specification mining can be used to record
proper test cases for testing any new software system. And
that can be used for generating test cases automatically.
2. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
The reusability factor of software java packages is considered
to estimate required effort for modifying any existing software
packages. During integration testing side itself the reusability
factor will be measured and it should be documented for
further usage in any software platform.
Fig. 1 Flow of Proposed Methodology
2.1 Analyzing Metrics of Reusability
To measure the reusability of software packages the
„Coupling‟ metrics may be required.
Import Coupling (IC)
Export Coupling (EC)
In this paper we take above types of Coupling to measure the
„Instability‟ factor. The formulae required for deriving
„Instability‟ is given below.
Instability = (IC + EC) / EC
The value of instability of any software package will be in the
range of 0 to 1.
If Instability = 1 then that package is fully complex due to
very high in and out communication such as data passing or
control passing between modules. So that package is very
difficult to redesign to make it as reusable package for
deploying in any project construction.
If Instability value lies in between 0 to 0.5 may be considered
for further modification.
2.2 Structure of Package Specification Mining
In this proposed methodology we take specification mining as
„Package Specification Mining‟ for identifying modification
effort. And here we preferred only few package details to be
maintained in specification mining.
The following table shows the data about package to be
maintained in the specification mining.
Table 1 Package Specification Mining
S.No. Package Attributes
1 Package Name
2 Amount of Services
3 Complexity
4 Instability value
5 Reusable or Not
6 Who Developed it?
7 Memory Size
Collecting Packages Data
Measuring Package Metrics
Checking Reusability
Find Modification Effort
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Package Name: Each package has technical name to
understand its objective in the developed system. So the
technical team put perfect technical word associated to the
system functionality.
Amount of Services: This property describes the number of
services grouped in a single package or component. It is also
essential to know the usefulness of it in the used systems.
Complexity: The complexity of source code has to be
measured for future modification. If it is in high complexity
then huge amount of resources may be required for
modification. So it may cause some problems in resource
utilization.
Instability: This field‟s value can help the proposed
methodology for checking its stability. It has a reason that if it
is still instable after some modification then it may not be
useful. It may affect system performance when it is not stable.
Reusable or Not: It indicates the level of the package reusable.
It describes that communication among software package or
components in the system.
Who Developed? : This field has the name of the developed
who developed that particular module or package in the
software system. Keeping the technical developer detail will
help to appoint him for future modification, because already
he had technical experience in that proposed module. So
appointing the same expert can reduce some effort for doing
modification.
Memory Size: It is another constraint in the configuration of
the system. After modification if the takes huge memory space
from its original memory space it may disturb the system
performance while it is under usage.
The above parameters are used to take a decision for satisfying
the objectives of the project management team. The activities
of the proposed methodology described in the following
section.
2.3 Steps in Proposed System
1. Scan Source code of the system
2. Finding Packages and Packages‟ elements
3. Measure Package Metrics (Package Specification)
Coupling and Types of Coupling
Stability through Instability
4. If Coupling>20 then „High Coupling‟
Else
„Low Coupling‟
5. Identify types of Coupling
Import Coupling (IC) & Export Coupling (EC)
6. Compute Instability (I)
7. Record All Metrics‟ values
8. Apply Specification Mining
I = IC / (IC+EC)
If I==0
Then „Package is Stable‟
If I==1
Then „Package is not Stable & High Coupling‟
If I<1 && I>0
Then „Some Effort Needed to become Stable‟
The above script describes the activities to be done in the
proposed system.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Designing specification mining is a tuff task in software
engineering field, because different details may be required in
different software development phase. So here we plan to
have a decision support system for taking decisions on
purchasing reusable components from the market. If that
purchased reusable component is not supporting for further
modification then that purchase may be a useless one. Even it
is supporting for enhancement appointing or identifying such
experts will be a difficult one due to code study or complexity
of its code.
4. MERITS AND DEMERITS
Here we proposed package based specification mining for
taking decisions for designing reusable packages which need
low effort. So, resource utilization can be improved by
admitting idle resources to modify the existing eligible
package to be modified as reusable one. Through that project
plan can be prepared very easily. Here specification mining
contains the details of developers who designed the existing
software packages. Hence that helps the project management
team to allot such human resource for improving the features
of those software package elements. These are the advantages
of using package specification mining.
This proposed methodology has few drawbacks. Those are
listed below.
* Collecting details takes huge time
* Additional system memory space used for keeping essential
package attributes values
* Applying suitable algorithm for getting expected result from
package specification mining.
CONCLUSIONS
Measuring the required effort for proposing a modification in
the existing package will lot of support to project management
and to the development team. But choosing suitable
parameters for taking decisions is important one. So the
specification mining can help the industry to get an idea very
quickly for a decision. This proposed system works based on
the reusability level of the software package. This is very
useful parameter for improving the quality in all aspects in
software development.
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BIOGRAPHIES
P. Ranjani is Assistant Professor in
Department of IT, Faculty of Engineering at
Avinashilingam University, Coimbatore. She
is having 6 years of teaching experience. And
her areas of interests are Software Testing,
Data Mining and MANETs.
R. Kamalraj pursuing Ph.D. degree in
Software Testing and Quality Management at
Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore.
He is having 9 years of teaching experience.
At present he is working as an Assistant
Professor in the Department of Computer
Science and Engineering at SNS College of
Technology, Coimbatore. His research interests include
Software Testing, Software Quality Management and Data
Mining.