The measles virus is spherical and pleomorphic, ranging from 120-250nm in size. It possesses a lipoprotein envelope with haemagglutinin spikes that mediate cell fusion and fusion protein that mediates haemolytic activity. Measles is a highly infectious childhood disease transmitted via respiratory secretions. It infects the respiratory tract and spreads to the bloodstream, reticuloendothelial system, and epithelial surfaces, causing symptoms like fever, conjunctivitis, and the pathognomonic Koplik's spots. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy of nasal secretions to detect giant cells or culturing the virus in human or monkey kidney cells to observe cytopathic effects.
Granulomatous diseases of the head & neckMammootty Ik
covers all the important granulomatous diseases of head and neck region with a brief and to-the-point description of pathogenesis, clinical features , differential diagnosis and management of each disorder
Granulomatous diseases of the head & neckMammootty Ik
covers all the important granulomatous diseases of head and neck region with a brief and to-the-point description of pathogenesis, clinical features , differential diagnosis and management of each disorder
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. MEASLES VIRUS
Saroj Kumar Thakur
B.Sc.MLT, M.Sc. Medical Microbiology
(Medical Microbiologist)
Madesh Institute of Health Sciences
(Provincial Hospital)
2. MORPHOLOGY
Spherical , pleomorphic
120-250nm size
Possesses a lipoprotein
envelop having
haemagglutinin(H) spikes but
no neuraminidase activity
It has fusion protein(F) that
mediated cell fusion &
haemolytic activities.
3. PATHOGENESIS
Measeles is also known as rubeola
Highly infectious childhood disease transmitted by
inhalation of virus present in respiratory secretion of
patients
Infects RT----Multiply in RT----Invades blood stream------
spread to RES----Multiply further in RES-----Transported
via blood to epithelial surfaces-skin,mouth,RT &
conjunctva
4. CLINICAL FEATURES
IP-10-14 days
Prodromal stage characterised by fever, conjunctivitis,
malaise, running nose & cough
Koplik’s spot-bright red lesions with a white, central dot on
buccal mucosa are diagnostic
A few later- a red maculopapular rash appears 1st on the
face & spread downwards. Rash disappears in 3-6 days
5. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Specimens: Nasopharyngeal swab & blood
Microscopy: Demonstration of multiple gaint cells in Giemsa-stained
smears of nasal secretions for early diagnosis, even before the rash
appears
Culture:
Human or monkey kidney cell culture
Continuous cell culture (HeLa,VERO)
Observed for cytopathic effects (CPE
7. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROPHYLAXIS
Man is the only natural host of measles & monkey
acquires infection from man
Maximum incidence in children 1-5 years
Measles is endemic throughout the world & eidemics
usually occurs in later winter & early spring.
