Meaning and types of share capital 2
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Share capital refers to the total capital collected from shareholders for a company's business operations. There are several types of share capital: 1) Authorized capital is the maximum amount of capital a company is allowed to raise as stated in its registration documents. 2) Issued capital is the portion of authorized capital that is offered to the public for subscription. 3) Subscribed capital is the portion of issued capital that is actually subscribed to by the public. 4) Called-up capital is the portion of subscribed capital that the company calls on shareholders to pay.
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Share capital
The document defines and explains different types of share capital that a company may have:
Authorized capital is the maximum capital allowed by the company's Memorandum of Association. Issued capital is the shares offered to the public. Called-up capital is the issued capital that shareholders are required to pay. Paid-up capital is the amount actually paid by shareholders, while uncalled capital is the remaining amount that can be called later. Reserve capital refers to the portion of uncalled capital that can only be called in the event of winding up.
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The document discusses the different types of share capital that a company may have, including:
1) Authorized/registered capital, which is the maximum capital amount set in the company's registration documents.
2) Issued capital, which is the amount of authorized capital that has been issued for public subscription.
3) Subscribed capital, which is the amount of issued capital that has actually been subscribed to by shareholders.
4) Called-up capital, which is the amount of subscribed capital that shareholders have been asked to pay.
5) Paid-up capital, which is the amount of the called-up capital that has actually been paid by shareholders.
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3) Subscribed capital, which is the amount of issued capital that has actually been subscribed to by shareholders.
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2) Debt financing includes loans with fixed repayment terms.
3) Projects require short, medium, and long-term financing for operations, equipment, and construction respectively.
4) Potential local investors, state agencies, and institutions can provide financing for tourism development projects.
Share Capital
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Share capital 111.pptx
This document provides an overview of corporate accounting concepts related to share capital. It defines key terms like authorized capital, issued capital, called-up capital, paid-up capital, and types of shares. It discusses the process of issuing shares which involves issuing a prospectus, receiving applications, and allotting shares. The accounting entries for this process are also summarized, including entries for application money, allotment money, calls, and calls in arrears. Examples of journal entries for share issues are also provided.
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Contact:0172-4677222, 0172-4678005Sources of business finance
The document discusses the different sources of business finance. It describes internal sources as funds collected from within the organization, such as retained earnings. External sources include equity shares, preference shares, debentures, bonds, and loans from financial institutions. Sources are also classified as long-term, for capital expenditures over 5 years, and short-term for working capital needs. Long-term sources include shares, debentures, and loans. Short-term sources include bank credit, trade credit, and public deposits.
Company law uwsb
The document discusses various topics related to company shares and capital structure under Indian law. It defines shares, preference shares, equity shares, and different types of share capital including authorized, issued, subscribed, paid-up, called-up, and uncalled capital. It also covers share classification, allotment of shares, transfer of shares, dividends, and the key contents required in a prospectus for public issuance of shares.
Company law
The document discusses company shares and share capital. It defines shares, preference shares, and equity shares. Preference shares have preferential rights over equity shares in regards to dividends and capital repayment. Equity shares do not have preferences. Share capital includes authorized, issued, subscribed, paid-up, called-up, and uncalled capital. The document also discusses allotment of shares, transfer of shares, dividends, and the required contents of a prospectus.
companylaw-uwsb-130703063059-phpapp01 (1).pdf
The document discusses company shares and share capital. It defines shares as a portion of a larger amount divided among people or to which people contribute. Shares are classified as preference shares or equity shares. Preference shares carry preferential rights to dividends and capital repayment over equity shares. Equity shares do not enjoy preference in dividend payments or capital repayment. Share capital includes authorized, issued, subscribed, paid-up, called-up, and uncalled capital. A prospectus must include information on the company, investment objectives, share details, purchasing and repurchasing shares, fees and management.
Sources of Funding of Dabur
1. Sources of funding for Dabur include share capital, reserves, retained earnings and debt. Share capital comprised 3% of funding in 2013-14 while unsecured loans comprised 9%.
2. Reserves include share premium, capital reserve, general reserve, and revaluation reserve, among others. Total reserves accounted for 37% of funding.
3. Other sources included shareholders' funds at 41% and minority interest and secured loans each comprised around 3-6% of funding.
Company's act 1956 (part 2)
The document discusses various aspects of a company's membership, shares, management, meetings, borrowings, accounts, and winding up. It defines members/shareholders as the persons who collectively form the company. Shares represent a unit of ownership and come in two types - ordinary shares and preference shares. Company management follows a hierarchy and involves planning, organizing, and other functions. Statutory meetings and annual general meetings must be held, with requirements around notice periods, quorum, and minutes. A company has implied borrowing powers but some restrictions apply, and debentures are a form of secured debt instrument that a company can issue.
Presentation on Types and Accouting Treatment of Share Capital
This Presentation highlights the types of share capital and accounting treatment for the issue of shares for consideration other than cash in the case of a company.
Advance Accounting b.com part 2 chapter 1 notes
This document provides an overview of accounting for companies, including issuance of shares and debentures. It defines key terms like shares, share capital, share premium, and preliminary expenses. It explains the types of companies, shares, and share capital. It also outlines the typical journal entries for issuing shares and debentures, as well as appropriating retained earnings. Finally, it discusses the syllabus and exam questions related to accounting for companies.
Chapter 1
The document provides information about accounting for companies, specifically regarding the issuance of shares and debentures. It defines key terms like shares, share capital, ordinary shares, preference shares, and debentures. It also provides sample journal entries for issuing shares at par value, premium, and discount. Examples are given for recording the issuance of shares and any refunds required. The document is intended to outline the accounting treatment for common share and debenture transactions that may be asked about in exams.
Presentation1
The document discusses various topics related to companies including company members, company law, types of companies, shares, debentures, and meetings.
It defines a company as an association of individuals with a common purpose. It explains corporate law deals with how shareholders, directors, and other stakeholders interact. It distinguishes between public and private companies based on factors like minimum members, transferability of shares, and directors.
It describes shares, shareholders, and share certificates. It explains different types of shares including equity, preference, and their features. It also discusses debentures and their types based on record, security, redemption, and convertibility.
Finally, it provides an overview of different types of company meetings including
Company law avi
The document discusses various topics related to share capital including:
- The meaning of share and share capital, and how corporations issue shares to raise capital. Shareholders are owners of the company.
- The different types of share capital a company can have including authorized, issued, subscribed, called up, paid up, and reserve capital.
- Preference shares have priority for dividend payments and repayment of capital over common shares. There are different types of preference shares.
- The rules around reducing a company's share capital, including limiting a member's liability to calls or contributions to the difference between the amount paid and reduced amount.
Company law avi
The document discusses various topics related to share capital including:
- The meaning of share and share capital, and how corporations issue shares to raise capital. Shareholders are owners of the company.
- The different types of share capital a company can have including authorized, issued, subscribed, called up, paid up, and reserve capital.
- Preference shares have priority for dividend payments and repayment of capital over common shares. There are different types of preference shares.
- The rules around reducing a company's share capital, including limiting a member's liability to calls or contributions to the difference between the amount paid and reduced amount as fixed in the reduction scheme.
Company accounts
A joint stock company is a voluntary association formed under law to undertake business. Its capital is divided into transferable shares. Key characteristics include separate legal entity, limited liability, separation of ownership and management, and perpetual succession. Companies are registered under the Companies Act and can be public or private. Share capital includes authorized, issued, subscribed, called up, and paid up capital. Accounting entries are passed for share application, allotment, and call money. Shares can be issued at par, premium or discount.
SHARE CAPITAL.ppt
The document discusses various aspects of share capital including the meaning of a company, types of companies based on registration, liability, and public investment. It also covers topics like kinds of share capital, issue and forfeiture of shares, accounting entries for issue of shares including at par, premium and discount. Additionally, it discusses expansion of share capital through rights issue, IPO, preferential allotment etc. and situations of full, under and over subscription on issue of shares.
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What is finance
Finance involves the management of money and the process of acquiring funds. It includes activities related to banking, leverage, credit, capital markets, and investments. There are three main types of finance: personal finance which plans individuals' financial needs, corporate finance which deals with running business financial activities, and public finance which involves government taxation, spending, and debt. A financial system allows the exchange of funds between borrowers, lenders, and investors through institutions like banks and stock exchanges. The Islamic financial system operates based on moral and ethical principles rather than interest, advocating risk-sharing and fulfillment of obligations.
Cost Accounting
Cost accounting is defined as a systematic process for recording and reporting the measurement of costs of manufacturing goods and services in total and in detail. It includes methods for identifying, classifying, allocating, aggregating, and reporting costs and comparing them to standard costs. Cost accounting provides management with detailed cost information needed to control current operations and plan for the future. While cost accounting information is also used in financial accounting, its primary function is for use by managers in decision-making. Cost accounting focuses on computing costs rigorously for cost control and reduction and reports internally, whereas financial accounting analyzes transactions, adheres to reporting standards, and reports externally.
What is finance
Finance involves the management of money and the process of acquiring funds. It includes activities related to banking, leverage, credit, capital markets, and investments. There are three main types of finance: personal finance which plans individuals' financial needs, corporate finance which deals with running business financial activities, and public finance which involves government taxation, spending, and debt. A financial system allows the exchange of funds between borrowers, lenders, and investors through institutions like banks and stock exchanges. The Islamic financial system operates based on similar principles but prohibits interest and advocates risk-sharing and equitable distribution of wealth in accordance with Islamic teachings.
Financial Management; Chapter: cost of capital
This document discusses the cost of capital, including the costs of equity, debt, and preferred stock. It provides formulas to calculate each of these costs. For example, the cost of debt (rd) is calculated as the interest rate (1 - tax rate). The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) combines the costs and weights of each component of the capital structure. An example is provided to demonstrate calculating WACC given specific financial information for a company.
Conceptualframework
The document provides an overview of conceptual frameworks in accounting. It discusses what a conceptual framework is, its objectives and importance. Key points include:
- A conceptual framework establishes the concepts and principles that underlie the standards, providing consistency and guidance for standard-setting.
- Objectives of conceptual frameworks include consistency, reducing complexity, and providing accountability for standard-setters.
- However, conceptual frameworks have been criticized for being descriptive rather than prescriptive, and for circular reasoning where concepts depend on undefined rules.
- There are debates around conceptual frameworks taking a scientific versus normative approach, and whether accounting qualifies as a science given its mixed empirical and policy elements.
Why study of accounting
This document contains information about a student group consisting of 5 members and their student IDs. It also summarizes the importance of accounting in several contexts. Accounting is important to keep systematic business records, protect assets, and determine profit/loss. It also helps society understand the economy and how businesses are performing financially. For companies, accounting is crucial for improvement and cost analysis. In healthcare, accurate accounting of costs is necessary to avoid overruns and ensure facilities remain operational. This course aims to teach students to describe accounting systems, analyze cost information, and present it in a usable format for management.
Importance of accounting
Accounting is defined as the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions and events to produce useful information for decision making. It involves identifying and measuring financial data, and communicating that information through financial reports like income statements and balance sheets. These reports provide information on a company's assets, liabilities, profits and losses to stakeholders like owners, investors, employees and customers. Accounting is essential for businesses as it aids management in planning, controlling costs, and making informed financial decisions.
Accountingppt
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of accounting practices. It discusses how accounting originated in ancient civilizations like Babylon in 2600 BC and evolved into the double-entry system in 15th century Italy. It then covers the introduction of modern accounting in India in 1850 and defines key accounting concepts like bookkeeping, accounting, financial accounting, and cost accounting. Finally, it outlines the major users and principles of accounting.
Gaap generally accepted accounting principles
This document discusses GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), which are the rules that govern accounting. It defines GAAP as the common set of accounting principles, standards and procedures that provide a fair representation of a company's financial position. GAAP is divided into accounting concepts, which are basic assumptions that accounting is based on, and accounting conventions, which are customs and traditions followed when preparing financial statements. Some key concepts discussed include the separate entity, money measurement, dual aspect, matching, going concern, cost and accounting period concepts.
Chp 15. amalgamation
M.Com Final (University of Peshawar, Pakistan)
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Advanced Financial Accounting
Under writing (chp 18)
This document discusses underwriting and provides solutions to 9 questions regarding underwriting agreements. It explains that underwriting is the process where agents raise investment capital from investors on behalf of corporations issuing securities. A firm underwriting agreement guarantees the underwriter will purchase all shares offered by the company. The solutions show calculations of liability for multiple underwriters (A, B, C, etc.) based on their percentage shares of the gross liability and adjustments for applications received and surpluses.
Goods sent on approval bases (chp 6)
Goods are sometimes sent to customers on an approval basis, where the customer can return the goods within a specified period. Ownership passes when the customer approves or keeps the goods past the period. When transactions are few, the seller treats them as regular sales but reverses the entry if goods are returned. At year-end, the value of goods still with customers is recorded as closing stock.
Hire purchase accounts(chp 4)
The document discusses the concept of hire purchase system. Under this system, ownership of the goods remains with the vendor until the buyer pays the final installment. The buyer acquires possession of the goods by agreeing to pay installments over a fixed period. If the buyer defaults, the vendor can repossess the goods and any amounts already paid are forfeited. The document also compares hire purchase system to installment payment system in terms of ownership, risks, right to return goods, and more.
Chp 16. capital reduction (patr ii)
The document contains journal entries for capital reduction transactions for 9 questions. Some key details:
1) Question 1 shows journal entries to reduce share capital from Rs. 10 to Rs. 4 per share and adjust various asset accounts.
2) Question 2 contains entries to reduce share capital and debentures and transfer amounts to profit/loss, stock, etc.
3) Question 3 includes reducing share capital and debentures, transferring funds to adjust goodwill and various asset accounts.
The document provides detailed journal entries for several capital reduction scenarios involving the adjustment of share capital, debentures, and asset and liability accounts.
Acc receivaible mgt
This document discusses accounts receivable management. It explains that companies rely on both cash and credit sales, but credit sales generate accounts receivable that must be properly managed. An effective credit policy includes setting a credit period, offering discounts, establishing credit standards, and developing a collection policy. The credit policy helps companies recover amounts owed by customers. Accounts receivable limits depend on credit sales and average collection period. Companies monitor receivable positions through aging schedules that track payment timelines for individual customers.
Inventory mgt
Inventory management is important for controlling costs. There are two key areas - quantity management and cost management. Quantity is managed using either a red line approach, which sets minimum limits and issues alerts, or a just-in-time approach, where only needed items are purchased. Cost management focuses on lowering ordering costs by using JIT, carrying costs by ordering sufficient amounts, and unit costs through market surveys. Effective inventory management requires the right balance of quantity and cost controls.
Acc receivaible mgt
This document discusses accounts receivable management. It explains that companies rely on both cash and credit sales, but credit sales generate accounts receivable that must be properly managed. An effective credit policy includes setting a credit period, offering discounts, establishing credit standards, and developing a collection policy. The credit policy helps companies recover amounts owed by customers. Accounts receivable limits depend on credit sales and average collection period. Companies monitor receivable positions through an aging schedule that tracks payment timelines for individual customers.
Cash conversion cycle, cash budget
The document discusses the cash conversion cycle (CCC), which describes the flow of cash through a company as it purchases inventory, sells products to customers, and collects payment. The CCC has three components: inventory conversion period, average collection period, and payables deferral period. It also discusses calculating a target CCC and actual CCC, as well as cash budgeting and cash management techniques to efficiently use cash and maintain appropriate target cash balances.
Working capital managemen
Working capital refers to the capital required for daily operations of a business. There are different types of working capital such as gross, net, and operating working capital. Working capital can be financed through both long-term and short-term sources. There are three main approaches to financing working capital - hedging, conservative, and aggressive. The hedging approach finances working capital based on the maturity of assets, while the conservative approach uses more long-term financing. The aggressive approach relies more on short-term financing for working capital.
Differences between shares and debentures
Shares represent ownership in a company and provide shareholders voting rights, while debentures are a type of loan that companies issue to borrow money from debenture-holders. The main differences are that shareholders own part of the company but have uncertain returns, while debenture-holders are creditors guaranteed to receive interest payments but have no ownership stake or voting rights in the company unless the debentures are converted to shares. Debentures can be converted to shares, but shares cannot be converted to debentures.
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Meaning and types of share capital 2
- 1. Meaning and Types of Share Capital ARSHAD ISLAM; CONTACT NO: 0092-313-9911865; E-MAIL: arshad_mccm”yahoo.com Page 1 Meaning and Types of Share Capital Meaning of Share Capital: A joint stock company should have capital in order to finance its activities. It raises its capital by issue of shares. The Memorandum of Association must state the amount of capital with which the company is desired to be registered and the number of shares into which it is to be divided. When total capital of a company is divided into shares, then it is called share capital. It constitutes the basis of the capital structure of a company. In other words, the capital collected by a joint stock company for its business operation is known as share capital. Share capital is the total amount of capital collected from its shareholders for achieving the common goal of the company as stated in Memorandum of Association. Types of Share Capital Share capital of a company can be divided into the following different categories: 1. Authorized, registered, maximum or normal capital: The maximum amount of capital, which a company is authorized to raise from the public by the issue of shares, is known as authorized capital. It is a capital with which a company is registered; therefore it is also known as registered capital. 2. Issued Capital: Generally, a company does not issue its authorized capital to the public for subscription, but issues a part of it. So, issued capital is a part of authorized capital, which is offered to the public for subscription, including shares offered to the vendor for consideration other than cash. The part of authorized capital not offered for subscription to the public is known as 'un-issued capital'. Such capital can be offered to the public at a later date. 3. Subscribed Capital: It cannot be said that the entire issued capital will be taken up or subscribed by the public. It may be subscribed in full or in part. The part of issued capital, which is subscribed by the public, is known as subscribed capital 4. Called Up Capital: It is that part of subscribed capital, which is called by the company to pay on shares allotted. It is not necessary for the company to call for the entire amount on shares subscribed for by shareholders. The amount, which is not called on subscribed shares, is called uncalled capital. 5. Paid-up Capital: It is that part of called up capital, which actually paid by the shareholders. Therefore it is known as real capital of the company. Whenever a particular amount is called and a shareholder fails to pay the amount fully or partially, it is known as unpaid calls or calls in arrears. Paid-up Capital = Called up capital - calls in arrears 6. Reserve Capital: It is that part of uncalled capital which has been reserved by the company by passing a special resolution to be called only in the event of its liquidation. This capital cannot be called up during the existence of the company. It would be available only in the event of liquidation as an additional security to the creditors of the company