This presentation is a detailed description of how a patient should be examined in an oprthoptic clinic. it lists down all the investigations sequentially. the order of investigations mentioned is the best way to investigate a squint case.
Correction of Ametropia is very basic topic in Optometry background. Hope the SlideShare may help you. This PPT will help Bachelor students (B.optoms).
Retinoscopy for undergraduates and post-graduates.
salient points covering examinations and PGMEE.
Detailed discussion of the technique of retinoscopy and its utility in deducing refractive errors.
Use of cycloplegic refraction and subjective refraction has been discussed.
a detailed informative compilation on everything related to hypermetropia or hyperopia required in ophthalmic or optometric clinical practice and education
This presentation is a detailed description of how a patient should be examined in an oprthoptic clinic. it lists down all the investigations sequentially. the order of investigations mentioned is the best way to investigate a squint case.
Correction of Ametropia is very basic topic in Optometry background. Hope the SlideShare may help you. This PPT will help Bachelor students (B.optoms).
Retinoscopy for undergraduates and post-graduates.
salient points covering examinations and PGMEE.
Detailed discussion of the technique of retinoscopy and its utility in deducing refractive errors.
Use of cycloplegic refraction and subjective refraction has been discussed.
a detailed informative compilation on everything related to hypermetropia or hyperopia required in ophthalmic or optometric clinical practice and education
1) I am Dr Md Anisur Rahman Anjum passed MBBS from Dhaka Medical College in 1987. Diploma in Ophthalmology (DO) from the then IPGM&R (now it is Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU) in 1993. Felllowship in Ophthalmology FCPS from Bangladesh College of Physician and surgeon in 1997. I am now working as associate professor in General Ophthalmology in National Institute of Ophthalmology Dhaka Bangladesh which is the tertiary centre in eye care in Bangladesh.
These OSPE are dedicated to the postgraduate student who are decided to builds their carrier in ophthalmology. I hope that they will be benefitted if they solve these OSPE
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. 1) According to Hering's law
A. In conjugate eye movements simultaneous and equal
innervation flow to antagonist muscles
B. In conjugate eye movements simultaneous and equal
innervation flow to yoke muscles
C. Unequal innervations to antagonist muscles
D. Different innervations to yoke muscles
4. 2) Horopter meaning
A. Imaginary surface in space, all points of which
stimulate corresponding retinal elements which are
projected to the same position in space
B. ……………... different positions in space
C. Stimulates non corresponding retinal elements
D. All of the above
5. 3) Panum's fusional area of
A. Area of single binocular vision in a zone surrounding
points on the horopter line on which objects are seen
as single
B. ……… seen as double
C. ……… seen as triple
D. None of the above
6. 4) Suppression is an adoptation in squinting child /
patient which is produced subconsciously by an active
neglect
A. Of the vision in squinting eye
B. … In fixating eye
C. … Both eyes
D. None of the above
7. 5) Amblyopia can be produced by
A. Strabismus
B. Congenital cataract
C. High refractive errors
D. All of the above
8. 6. Crowding phenomenon in amblyopic eye
indicates better visual acuity when
A. A Single letter is projected
B. One line is projected
C. One Para projected
D. Letter appears crowded
9. 7. Neutral density filter test an amblyopic
eye indicates ….
A. Same vision with filters & without filters
B. … Low vision with filters
C. … Good vision with filters
D. None of the above
10. 8. Anomalous retinal correspondence indicates
A. One eye foveal, squinting eye no foveal vision
B. Both squinting & non squinting eye with foveal
vision in both eyes
C. Both eyes (Squinting) / Non squinting) with
nonfoveal vision
D. Non of the above
11. 9. Hirschberg test is related to
A. Image reflex on anterior surface of cornea which
indicates approx amount of deviation in degrees
B. Image reflex on posterior surface of cornea
C. ….. Anterior surface of lens
D. ….. Posterior surface of lens
12. 10. Angle Kappa is
A. Angle between visual axis and anatomical axis
B. Angle between visual axis and optical axis
C. Angle between anatomical and optical axis
D. Non of the above
13. 11. Amount of esophoria for distance is more
than near fixation in
A. Convergence excess
B. Divergence weak
C. Divergence excess
D. Basic type
14. 12. Physiologic diplopia is manifest in case of
object situated
A. On horopter
B. Within panum's space
C. Outside panum's space
D. All of this
15. 13. Example of monocular clues except
A. Looming
B. Disparate retinal image
C. Motion parallax
D. Aerial prospective
16. 14. Exophoria can be corrected by
A. Base in prism
B. Base out prism
C. Oblique prism
D. Vertical prism
17. 15. Occlusion is a treatment for
A. Toxoplasmosis
B. Exophoria
C. Amblyopia
D. Refractive error
18. 16. TNO random test is a test for
A. Fusion
B. Convergence
C. Stereopsis
D. Contrast sensitivity
23. 21. Pseudoesotropia is due to
A. Wide flat nasal bridge
B. Close set eyes
C. Broad epicanthal folds
D. All the above
24. 22. In Krimsky test Prism bar is placed before
A. Deviated eye
B. Fixing eye
C. A & B
D. Non of the above
25. 23. Bagolini striated glasses are used for
A. Evaluating anomalous retinal correspondence
B. Normal Retinal correspondence
C. A & B
D. None of the above
26. 24. Worth four dot test is used for
A. Is to evaluate diplopia
B. To evaluate ARC
C. To evaluate sensory anomalies
D. All the above
27. 25. For Dissociation of the eyes, following
can be used except
A. Red, Green glasses
B. Mirror between two eyes
C. Amblyoscope
D. Power Glasses
28. 26. Penalisation is used for except
A. Accommodative esotropia
B. Divergent squint
C. To blur the vision in sound eye
D. Pseudomyopia
29. 27. All are true about Duane's retraction
syndrome except
A. Type I Limitation of Abduction
B. Type II Limitation of Adduction
C. Type III Limitation of Adduction & abduction
D. All are true
30. 28. Brown's superior oblique tendon sheath
syndrome is characterized by
A. Limitation of depression of eye
B. Limitation of adduction
C. Limitation of abduction
D. Limitations of elevation of the eye in adduction, but
near normal in abduction
31. 29. Titmus fly test is used for
A. Fusion
B. SMP
C. Stereopsis
D. All the above
32. 30. Quantitative analysis of stereopsis can be
done with
A. Titmus test
B. TNO test
C. Bagolini striated glasses
D. All the above
33. 31. The longest extra ocular muscle with
tendon is
A. LR
B. MR
C. SO
D. IO
34. 32. According to Sherrington law, reciprocal
innervation goes to …..
A. Agonist and antagonist muscles
B. Synergistic muscles
C. Both the above eye
D. Non of the above
35. 33. All of the following extra ocular muscles are
supplied by lower division of III cranial nerves except
A. Medial Rectus
B. Superior Rectus
C. Inferior Rectus
D. Inferior oblique muscle
36. 34. Visual acuity comes to 6/6 by the age of
A. 3 ½ years
B. 2 ½ years
C. 3 years
D. None of the above
37. 35. Pleoptic therapy is used for treatment of
A. Suppression
B. Amblyopia
C. Both the above
D. None of the above
38. 36. Heavy eye syndrome
A. One eye very large
B. One eye very small / other eye normal
C. Myopic Anisometropia with hypertropia of low
power eye
D. Myopia Anisometropia with hypertropia of high
power eye
39. 37. All are synonymous for mono fixation
syndrome except
A. Microtropia
B. Macrotropia
C. Small angle strabismus
D. Esotropic flick strabismus
40. 38. In squint surgery, slipped muscles usually
occurs with
A. Lateral rectus
B. Medial rectus
C. Superior rectus
D. Inferior rectus
41. 39. Secondary angle of deviation will be
more in
A. Paralytic squint
B. Non paralytic squint
C. Both
D. None of the above
42. 40. Best treatment for amblyopia
A. Cam stimulator
B. Pleoptic therapy
C. Occlusion treatment
D. Penalisation
43. 41. 10 deviation is equal to how many
prism diapt
A. 3 D
B. 2 D
C. 2.5 D
D. 3.5 D
44. 42. Adjustable suture done in squint
surgery is for ….
A. Adjusting the amount of squint during surgery
B. Adjusting the residual squint 1 or 2 days
postoperatively
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
45. 43. For normal (adult) individuals, the fusional
convergence can be maintained up to
A. 10 D
B. 15 D
C. 25 D
D. 30 D
46. 44. Normal Fusional capcity for
vertical squint is
A. 4 D
B. 6 D
C. 8 D
D. 10 D
47. 45. Surgical intervention of paralytic squint
should ideally be done after
A. 3 months of onset
B. 4 months of onset
C. 5 months of onset
D. 6 months of onset
48. 46. In IV N palsy, eye will be
A. Hypertrophic, intorted and esotropic
B. Hypertrophic, extorted and adducted
C. Hypertrophic, extorted and abducted
D. Hypertrophic, intorted and abducted
49. 47. All of the following are complication of
squint surgery except
A. Anterior segment ischemia
B. Endophthalmitis
C. Oculocardiac reflex
D. Scleral perforation
50. 48. All the following are restrictive
myopathies except
A. Brown syndrome
B. Duane's syndrome
C. Congenital fibrosis muscle
D. Long standing concomitant squint
51. 49. All are strengthening procedures in
squint surgery except
A. Resection
B. Harada ITO procedure
C. Fadenzation
D. Tucking of muscle tendon
52. 50. All are side effects atropine except
A. Risk of Angle closure glaucoma
B. Flushing of skin & Fever
C. Ataxia
D. Raised IOP