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Macro Economics
For downloading this contact- bikashkumar.bk100@gmail.com
Prepared by Students of University of Rajshahi
Afridi Hasan
Shahidul Islam
Aminul Islam Milon
Md. Maznur Rahman
Abdullah Al Mamon
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A firm’s pricing market power depends on its competitive environment.
In perfectly competitive markets, firms have no market power. They are “price takers.” They make decisions based on the market price, which they are powerless to influence.
In markets that are not perfectly competitive (which describes most markets), most firms have some degree of market power.
Strategy in the absence of market power
Firms cannot influence price and, because products are not unique, they cannot influence demand by advertising or product differentiation.
Managers in this environment maximize profit by minimizing cost, through the efficient use of resources, and by determining the quantity to produce.
https://azpapers.com/imperfect-competition-market-analysis/
In this short revision video we look at a range of business objectives and how they affect the price that might be charged to consumers.
Key revision points:
Objectives often driven by managerial motives
Interdependent behaviour in an oligopoly - firms must consider the likely reactions of rivals
Most businesses are satisficers rather than maximisers
Regulatory interventions do matter e.g. price capping
More firms now use big data to drive revenues
Consumers are increasingly sensitive to issues surrounding fair / ethical pricing
Macro Economics
For downloading this contact- bikashkumar.bk100@gmail.com
Prepared by Students of University of Rajshahi
Afridi Hasan
Shahidul Islam
Aminul Islam Milon
Md. Maznur Rahman
Abdullah Al Mamon
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
A firm’s pricing market power depends on its competitive environment.
In perfectly competitive markets, firms have no market power. They are “price takers.” They make decisions based on the market price, which they are powerless to influence.
In markets that are not perfectly competitive (which describes most markets), most firms have some degree of market power.
Strategy in the absence of market power
Firms cannot influence price and, because products are not unique, they cannot influence demand by advertising or product differentiation.
Managers in this environment maximize profit by minimizing cost, through the efficient use of resources, and by determining the quantity to produce.
https://azpapers.com/imperfect-competition-market-analysis/
In this short revision video we look at a range of business objectives and how they affect the price that might be charged to consumers.
Key revision points:
Objectives often driven by managerial motives
Interdependent behaviour in an oligopoly - firms must consider the likely reactions of rivals
Most businesses are satisficers rather than maximisers
Regulatory interventions do matter e.g. price capping
More firms now use big data to drive revenues
Consumers are increasingly sensitive to issues surrounding fair / ethical pricing
Surveys a number of essential issues related to pricing and public policy in market economies. Begins with a brief review of the price-determination process in competitive markets, then examines a range of topics involving pricing and public policy in monopoly and oligopoly markets. Includes a number of graphs that illustrate the relationship between costs, demand, price, efficiency, and profitability under various market conditions.
Porter’s five force analysis is a framework that attempts to analyze the level of competition within an industry and business startegy development by michael E. Porter 1980 it determines the competive. It also determines the ultimate profit potential of the industry
MARKET STRUCTURES AND PRICING
Concept of market structures
Perfect competition market and price determination
Monopoly and abnormal profits
Monopolistic Competition
Price Discrimination
Oligopoly-Features of oligopoly
Syndicating in oligopoly
Kinked demand curve
Price leadership and market positioning
Conditions for Company Equilibrium
To achieve Equilibrium, a Company must meet two conditions:
You need to make sure that the marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost (MR = MC).
If MR> MC, the Company has an incentive to expand production and sell additional units.
If MR<MC, the Company needs to reduce production because additional units generate more costs than revenue.
Only when MR = MC does the Company achieve maximum profit.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
Surveys a number of essential issues related to pricing and public policy in market economies. Begins with a brief review of the price-determination process in competitive markets, then examines a range of topics involving pricing and public policy in monopoly and oligopoly markets. Includes a number of graphs that illustrate the relationship between costs, demand, price, efficiency, and profitability under various market conditions.
Porter’s five force analysis is a framework that attempts to analyze the level of competition within an industry and business startegy development by michael E. Porter 1980 it determines the competive. It also determines the ultimate profit potential of the industry
MARKET STRUCTURES AND PRICING
Concept of market structures
Perfect competition market and price determination
Monopoly and abnormal profits
Monopolistic Competition
Price Discrimination
Oligopoly-Features of oligopoly
Syndicating in oligopoly
Kinked demand curve
Price leadership and market positioning
Conditions for Company Equilibrium
To achieve Equilibrium, a Company must meet two conditions:
You need to make sure that the marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost (MR = MC).
If MR> MC, the Company has an incentive to expand production and sell additional units.
If MR<MC, the Company needs to reduce production because additional units generate more costs than revenue.
Only when MR = MC does the Company achieve maximum profit.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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Assignment
Drive Semester2017
Program Master of BusinessAdministration- MBA
Semester 1
Subjectcode & name MB0042 – MANAGERIALECONOMICS
Book ID B1625
Creditand Max. Marks 4 Credits, 60 Marks
Question 1. Define Law of Demand and discuss the various exceptions to
the law of demand
Answer : Law of demand : The lawof demandstatesthat, all otherthingsbeingequal,the quantitybought
of a good or service isa functionof price.Aslongas nothingelse changes,people will buylessof something
when its price rises.
The demandschedule tellsyouthe exactquantitythatwill be purchasedatanygivenprice.Here'sa
real-life example of how this works in the demand schedule for beef in 2014.
The demand curve plots those numbers on a chart
Question 2. Explain the features of LAC curve with a diagram
Answer: The Long Run Average Cost,LRAC,curve of a firmshowsthe minimumorlowestaverage total cost
at which a firm can produce any given level of output in the long run (when all inputs are variable).
Features of LAC curve
(i) The LAC curve is tangential to the various SAC curves:
Question 3. Critically examine Baumol’s static and Dynamic Models
Answer : Static model is more structural than behavioral while dynamic model is a representation of the
2. behaviorof the staticcomponentsof the system.Staticmodellingincludesclassdiagramandobjectdiagrams
and help in depicting static constituents of the system. Dynamic modelling on the other hand consists of
sequence of operations, state changes, activities, interactions and memory.
Question 4. Explain Perfect Competition and the equilibrium of a firm
under perfect competition in the long run
Answer: Perfectcompetitiondescribesamarketstructure wherecompetitionisatitsgreatestpossiblelevel.
To make it more clear, a market which exhibitsthe following characteristics in its structure is said to show
perfect competition:
Large number of buyers and sellers
Homogenous product is produced by every firm
Free entry and exit of firms
Zero advertising cost
Consumers have perfect knowledge about the market and are well aware of any changes in the
market. Consumers indulge in rational decision making.
Economic Profit and Economic Loss
Economicprofitsandlossesplayacrucial role inthe modelof perfectcompetition.The existenceof economic
profits in a particular industry attracts new firms to the industry in the long run. As new firms enter, the
supply curve shifts to the right, price falls, and
Question 5. Discuss the working of the multiplier and explain the various
leakages in multiplier.
Answer : A numberwhichindicatesthe magnitude of aparticularmacroeconomicspolicymeasure.Inother
words, the multiplier attempts to quantify the additional effects of a policy beyond those that are
immediately measurable.
Working of Multiplier :
Multiplieristhe mechanismthroughwhichincome getspropagatedasa resultof addedinvestment.Howa
new investment brings about a multiple increase in income by
Question 6. Explain Oligopoly. Explain the features of Oligopoly market.
Answer : An oligopoly is a market form wherein a market or industry is dominated by a small number of
sellers (oligopolists). Oligopolies can result from various forms of collusion which reduce competition and
lead to higher prices for consumers. Oligopoly has its own market structure. The Oligopoly Market
characterized by few sellers, selling the homogeneous or differentiated products. In other words, the
Oligopolymarketstructureliesbetweenthe puremonopolyandmonopolisticcompetition,wherefewsellers
3. dominate the market and have control over the price of the product.
Homogeneous product: The firms producing the homogeneous products are called as Pure or Perfect
Oligopoly. It is found in the producers of industrial products
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