MAVMeetup - All About GPS
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The document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System) including: - How GPS works using trilateration of signals from multiple satellites to determine position. - Sources of error and techniques to improve accuracy like carrier phase tracking, real-time kinematics, and inertial navigation. - Challenges including issues in urban areas with multipath and lack of satellite visibility, and potential interference or spoofing of signals. - Common uses of GPS and factors affecting its accuracy.
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The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes GPS as a satellite-based navigation system developed and maintained by the US Department of Defense. GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting 20,200 km above Earth to provide precise location and time information to receivers. The system works by measuring the time it takes signals from at least four satellites to reach a receiver and triangulating its position using those distances. Sources of error are discussed, but differential GPS can improve accuracy to the 2-5 meter range. Applications of GPS include navigation, mapping, farming, aviation and more.
Critical factors affecting rtk accuracy
Critical factors affecting RTK accuracy include:
1) Base station coordinate accuracy - Inaccurate coordinates can introduce positioning errors up to 1 part per million of the baseline distance. Coordinates should be known to within 10m.
2) Number of visible satellites - More satellites provide better geometry and positioning accuracy. A minimum of 5 common satellites are needed for RTK initialization.
3) Environmental factors like ionospheric activity, tropospheric delays, signal obstructions, and multipath can impact satellite measurements and degrade positioning accuracy. Locating the base station in an open area helps minimize these effects.
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This document provides an overview of several advanced navigation systems:
- The NAVSTAR GPS system uses satellites to provide extremely accurate global positioning with errors less than 100 meters. Differential GPS can further improve accuracy to 2-5 meters.
- Ship's inertial navigation systems (SINS) use gyroscopes and accelerometers to continuously calculate position via known accelerations, but require periodic resets. Newer electrostatic systems can operate for 30 days without reset.
- Bottom contour navigation relies on echo sounding to determine position based on comparisons to ocean floor contour charts.
- LORAN is a ground-based hyperbolic navigation system using time differences between signal transmissions, providing accuracy within 200-500 yards.
Global Positioning System ( GPS )
The document discusses the global positioning system (GPS) and how it has changed navigation worldwide. It provides details on the three segments of GPS - the space segment consisting of 24 satellites in orbit, the control segment of 5 ground stations that monitor the satellites, and the user segment of GPS receivers. GPS uses trilateration of radio signals from satellites to determine precise location and timing information for users. Its widespread applications now include navigation, tracking, mapping, and more.
Satellite Navigation
Satellite navigation systems use satellites to allow receivers to determine their precise location using time signals from satellites. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide global coverage and include GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and IRNSS. Regional systems augment global systems to improve accuracy through corrections broadcast by geostationary satellites.
CE6404 ANNA UNIVERSITY Unit iv gps surveying
GPS surveying involves using GPS satellites to determine position on Earth. There are four segments to GPS: space, control, user, and ground. The space segment consists of 24 satellites in six orbital planes. Satellites continuously broadcast timing signals and orbital data. The control segment monitors satellite status and uploads navigation data. The ground segment downloads data from satellites. The user segment includes GPS receivers that track satellite signals to calculate the user's position, velocity and time. Common surveying methods using GPS include traversing, triangulation and base-rover techniques.
Gps
The global positioning system is a spaced based satelite navigation system that provides location time information in all weather conditions , anywhere on or near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
Developed and maintained by the US Department of Defense (DOD)
Errors and biases in gps
Errors and biases in GPS measurements arise from a variety of sources including satellite positions, weather, multipath, timing errors, and signal propagation through the atmosphere. These errors are broadly classified as those originating from satellites (ephemeris, clock errors), receivers (clock errors, multipath, noise), and signal propagation (ionospheric and tropospheric delays). Selective availability intentionally added error for non-authorized users until being discontinued in 2000. Differential GPS and other techniques can help reduce or eliminate some biases to achieve sub-meter accuracy.
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term paper 2
The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes GPS as a satellite-based navigation system developed and maintained by the US Department of Defense. GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting 20,200 km above Earth to provide precise location and time information to receivers. The system works by measuring the time it takes signals from at least four satellites to reach a receiver and triangulating its position using those distances. Sources of error are discussed, but differential GPS can improve accuracy to the 2-5 meter range. Applications of GPS include navigation, mapping, farming, aviation and more.
Critical factors affecting rtk accuracy
Critical factors affecting RTK accuracy include:
1) Base station coordinate accuracy - Inaccurate coordinates can introduce positioning errors up to 1 part per million of the baseline distance. Coordinates should be known to within 10m.
2) Number of visible satellites - More satellites provide better geometry and positioning accuracy. A minimum of 5 common satellites are needed for RTK initialization.
3) Environmental factors like ionospheric activity, tropospheric delays, signal obstructions, and multipath can impact satellite measurements and degrade positioning accuracy. Locating the base station in an open area helps minimize these effects.
Navr4030 16(tides)
This document provides an overview of several advanced navigation systems:
- The NAVSTAR GPS system uses satellites to provide extremely accurate global positioning with errors less than 100 meters. Differential GPS can further improve accuracy to 2-5 meters.
- Ship's inertial navigation systems (SINS) use gyroscopes and accelerometers to continuously calculate position via known accelerations, but require periodic resets. Newer electrostatic systems can operate for 30 days without reset.
- Bottom contour navigation relies on echo sounding to determine position based on comparisons to ocean floor contour charts.
- LORAN is a ground-based hyperbolic navigation system using time differences between signal transmissions, providing accuracy within 200-500 yards.
Global Positioning System ( GPS )
The document discusses the global positioning system (GPS) and how it has changed navigation worldwide. It provides details on the three segments of GPS - the space segment consisting of 24 satellites in orbit, the control segment of 5 ground stations that monitor the satellites, and the user segment of GPS receivers. GPS uses trilateration of radio signals from satellites to determine precise location and timing information for users. Its widespread applications now include navigation, tracking, mapping, and more.
Satellite Navigation
Satellite navigation systems use satellites to allow receivers to determine their precise location using time signals from satellites. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide global coverage and include GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and IRNSS. Regional systems augment global systems to improve accuracy through corrections broadcast by geostationary satellites.
CE6404 ANNA UNIVERSITY Unit iv gps surveying
GPS surveying involves using GPS satellites to determine position on Earth. There are four segments to GPS: space, control, user, and ground. The space segment consists of 24 satellites in six orbital planes. Satellites continuously broadcast timing signals and orbital data. The control segment monitors satellite status and uploads navigation data. The ground segment downloads data from satellites. The user segment includes GPS receivers that track satellite signals to calculate the user's position, velocity and time. Common surveying methods using GPS include traversing, triangulation and base-rover techniques.
Gps
The global positioning system is a spaced based satelite navigation system that provides location time information in all weather conditions , anywhere on or near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
Developed and maintained by the US Department of Defense (DOD)
Errors and biases in gps
Errors and biases in GPS measurements arise from a variety of sources including satellite positions, weather, multipath, timing errors, and signal propagation through the atmosphere. These errors are broadly classified as those originating from satellites (ephemeris, clock errors), receivers (clock errors, multipath, noise), and signal propagation (ionospheric and tropospheric delays). Selective availability intentionally added error for non-authorized users until being discontinued in 2000. Differential GPS and other techniques can help reduce or eliminate some biases to achieve sub-meter accuracy.
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of three segments: space, control, and user. The space segment includes 24 satellites in orbit that transmit timing signals. The control segment consists of monitoring stations that track satellite orbits and clock corrections. The user segment includes any GPS receiver used for navigation or timing. GPS provides location and time information to users worldwide for applications like navigation, mapping, and tracking.
telemetry tracking and command systems
The telemetry, tracking and control subsystem allows for two-way communication between the spacecraft and ground stations. It monitors the satellite's status through telemetry measurements of temperatures, voltages and currents, and allows ground stations to send commands to control the satellite's functions. Tracking involves measuring the time delay and Doppler shift of radio signals to determine the satellite's orbit and velocity. The subsystem is crucial for localizing the satellite, transmitting its health data, and receiving commands to perform operations.
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This document provides an overview of satellites and satellite communication. It discusses the types of satellites including geostationary, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit satellites. The document describes the different types of orbits that satellites follow, including geostationary orbit, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit. It also discusses satellite communication concepts such as uplinks, downlinks, earth stations, communication frequency bands, direct-to-home services, and very small aperture terminals. The document seeks to explain the basic concepts and components of satellite systems and satellite-based communication networks.
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) allows mappers and resource managers to locate features using satellite positioning. GNSS receivers determine position by measuring distances to at least 4 satellites via signal travel time. Accuracy is typically 10-20 meters but can be improved to 1-5 meters using real-time differential corrections which account for errors. GNSS data can be incorporated into a GIS by converting point, line and polygon features collected using GNSS receivers.
Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors
This document discusses remote sensing platforms and sensors. It describes the different types of orbits used by remote sensing satellites, including low Earth orbit, sun synchronous orbit, and geostationary orbit. It also outlines the various platforms that can be used, such as ground-based, airborne, and space-borne. Finally, it examines the characteristics of remote sensing sensors, including spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal resolution.
Navigation System
This document provides information about a navigation system presentation. It includes:
- An introduction to navigation systems, their history, components, working, and errors/limitations.
- The presentation will be given by 5 group members and will explain navigation systems in automobiles, their history from 1973, and components including satellites, control stations, and receivers.
- It will describe how GPS works using trilateration to determine a receiver's position from distances to 3 or more satellites, and will discuss errors from multipath signals, almanac inaccuracies, and clock errors in receivers.
- The presentation concludes by noting it will also cover applications of navigation systems.
Satellite communication lecture9
The document discusses the key components and subsystems of satellite communication systems. It is broken down into two main segments:
1) The space segment, which includes the satellites in orbit that provide the communication relay services, and the ground control stations that monitor and control the satellites.
2) The ground segment, which consists of the terminals on the Earth's surface that utilize the satellite communication capabilities. These include fixed, transportable, and mobile terminals.
The space segment has two main components - the satellite bus, which provides basic support functions like structure, power, thermal control etc., and the payload which provides the actual communication relay equipment like transponders and antennas.
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This document provides an overview of satellites and satellite communication. It discusses the types of satellites including geostationary, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit satellites. The document describes the different types of orbits that satellites follow, including geostationary orbit, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit. It also discusses satellite communication concepts such as uplinks, downlinks, earth stations, communication bands, direct-to-home systems, and VSAT systems. The document is intended to inform about basic satellite and satellite communication topics.
Introduction to gps and gnss
GPS and GNSS systems provide accurate global navigation from networks of satellites. The original GPS system, developed by the US Department of Defense, uses 24 satellites that orbit the Earth twice per day. GPS calculates a user's position using the time difference of signals from multiple satellites to determine distance via triangulation. Modern GNSS systems include GPS as well as European, Russian, Chinese and Indian regional satellite constellations that augment GPS and provide additional navigation capabilities around the world.
Satellite communication
Satellite communication provides long distance communication by using satellites to transmit signals between locations on Earth. There are three types of satellites - active satellites that amplify and change the frequency of signals, passive satellites that simply reflect signals, and broadcasting satellites used for radio and television. Satellites orbit Earth in different patterns depending on their inclination and eccentricity. Key elements of satellite communication systems are the space segment including satellites, and the ground segment including earth stations. Satellite communication services can be one-way, such as broadcasting, or two-way, such as telephone calls.
Gps systems m. emin özgünsür
This document discusses GPS systems and how they work. It begins with defining GPS as the Global Positioning System, which uses satellites and radio signals to pinpoint a receiver's location anywhere in the world. It then discusses where GPS is used, including for military and civilian navigation, and how GPS works by measuring distances to multiple satellites. The document also provides details on GPS satellite locations and movements, the radio frequencies used, and how GPS receivers use timing data from satellites to triangulate their position. It concludes with an example of a GPS circuit using a PIC microcontroller.
IRNSS
The document provides information about India's Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). It discusses the following key points:
1. IRNSS architecture includes 7 satellites in geostationary and geosynchronous orbits that provide positioning services to India and surrounding areas. Signals are transmitted on L5 and S bands.
2. IRNSS signals use BPSK modulation and gold codes. Navigation data is transmitted at 50 symbols per second. Precise timing and positioning data is provided for users.
3. IRNSS frames have a master frame structure consisting of 4 subframes that transmit navigation parameters and messages for satellite identification and error correction.
Gps
Shane McDermott of Mid-West GIS presented on using GPS for field inventories. He discussed the different types of GPS technologies including real-time kinematic GPS which provides sub-centimeter accuracy in real time. Mid-West GIS uses RTK GPS with data collectors and a geodatabase model to accurately map and inventory utility assets for clients. The highly accurate location data allows clients to precisely know the location and attributes of assets.
GPS-errors-2
This document discusses GPS error sources and techniques for improving GPS accuracy, including:
- The troposphere causes delays in GPS signals and is a source of error. Techniques like WAAS and LAAS use reference stations and satellites to correct for tropospheric delays.
- Good satellite geometry with low PDOP provides the most accurate GPS positioning. Dilution of precision metrics like PDOP indicate satellite geometry quality.
- Ambiguity resolution techniques using dual or triple frequency carrier phase and code data can fix integer ambiguities and improve positioning accuracy to centimeter-level.
GPS IN AVIATION SYSTEM
This document provides a summary of a research paper on modified ionospheric tomography algorithms using GPS Aided Geo-Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) data. It describes how ionospheric delay modeling is challenging for GAGAN systems. A modified tomography technique is presented that uses fewer coefficients to characterize the Indian ionosphere, reducing processing time for real-time applications. The algorithm estimates electron density distributions using least squares solutions based on GPS total electron content measurements and empirical basis functions.
IRNSS
IRNSS is India's independent regional navigation satellite system consisting of seven satellites providing accurate positioning to users in India and within 1500 km of its borders. The system includes space, ground, and user segments. The space segment uses three geostationary and four geosynchronous orbiting satellites. The ground segment controls and maintains the satellites. The user segment utilizes dual-frequency receivers. IRNSS aims to provide positioning accuracy under 20 meters within its coverage area for various navigation and timing applications.
Introduction-of-GNSS-2
The document discusses various global and regional satellite navigation systems:
- GLONASS is Russia's system with 24 operational satellites. It provides improved precision and reliability when integrated with GPS.
- EGNOS and Galileo are Europe's systems to enhance GPS. EGNOS went live in 2004 as a precursor to Galileo, which launched its first satellites in 2016.
- BeiDou is China's system with 5 geostationary and 30 non-geostationary satellites. It began covering Asia-Pacific in 2012 and will cover the world by 2020.
- IRNSS is India's system consisting of 7 satellites, 3 geostationary and 4 geosynchronous, providing accuracy of 20 meters over India
High-Accuracy GPS for GIS: From 1ft to 4in.
It’s now possible to obtain decimeter (10cm/4in) horizontal and vertical accuracy using a mapping-grade receiver! This
presentation will cover the techniques and equipment necessary to achieve this level of accuracy. Such accuracy can be
obtained in the field or back in the office after data collection. Decimeter-level accuracy addresses the area in between
the survey-grade and the traditional “submeter” where GIS accuracy is typically defined. It is now possible to map
locations and navigate to underground facilities, critical infrastructure, and utility features when decimeter accuracy is
appropriate. Learn about the progress of Wisconsin DOT’s network of reference stations which will bring high-accuracy
possibilities as well as high-productivity GNSS to all of the state once completed. The status of the network construction
will also be addressed.
TT&C subsystem
The telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) subsystem allows ground stations to monitor and control satellites. It performs functions like controlling the satellite's orbit and attitude, realigning antennas, receiving and executing commands, tracking the satellite's position, and modulating and transmitting telemetry data about things like voltage, temperature, and tank pressures to ground stations. The subsystem consists of separate telemetry, tracking, and command subsystems that work together to monitor the satellite's conditions and control it from the ground.
Dr Stuart Eves
1) Small satellites and on-orbit manufacturing are enabling new capabilities like high-definition video from space. 2) The Carbonite program is demonstrating low-cost small satellites capable of 0.5-1 meter resolution color video. 3) Advanced technologies like onboard processing and optical inter-satellite links allow greater capabilities from small satellite constellations like improved space situational awareness and debris removal.
Dgps concept
This document provides an overview of differential GPS (DGPS) concepts and techniques. It begins by explaining the primary sources of error in point positioning GPS measurements. It then describes how DGPS uses corrections from a reference station to minimize errors like atmospheric delays and orbital inaccuracies experienced by both the base and rover receivers. Real-time and post-processed DGPS methods are covered. Expected accuracy levels from point positioning, real-time DGPS, and post-processed DGPS are listed. The document concludes by relating the various GPS techniques to common accuracy requirements.
Dgps concept
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of three segments: space, control, and user. The space segment includes 24 satellites in orbit that transmit timing signals. The control segment consists of monitoring stations that track satellite orbits and clock corrections. The user segment includes any GPS receiver used for navigation or timing. GPS provides location and time information to users worldwide for applications like navigation, mapping, and tracking.
telemetry tracking and command systems
The telemetry, tracking and control subsystem allows for two-way communication between the spacecraft and ground stations. It monitors the satellite's status through telemetry measurements of temperatures, voltages and currents, and allows ground stations to send commands to control the satellite's functions. Tracking involves measuring the time delay and Doppler shift of radio signals to determine the satellite's orbit and velocity. The subsystem is crucial for localizing the satellite, transmitting its health data, and receiving commands to perform operations.
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This document provides an overview of satellites and satellite communication. It discusses the types of satellites including geostationary, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit satellites. The document describes the different types of orbits that satellites follow, including geostationary orbit, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit. It also discusses satellite communication concepts such as uplinks, downlinks, earth stations, communication frequency bands, direct-to-home services, and very small aperture terminals. The document seeks to explain the basic concepts and components of satellite systems and satellite-based communication networks.
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) allows mappers and resource managers to locate features using satellite positioning. GNSS receivers determine position by measuring distances to at least 4 satellites via signal travel time. Accuracy is typically 10-20 meters but can be improved to 1-5 meters using real-time differential corrections which account for errors. GNSS data can be incorporated into a GIS by converting point, line and polygon features collected using GNSS receivers.
Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors
This document discusses remote sensing platforms and sensors. It describes the different types of orbits used by remote sensing satellites, including low Earth orbit, sun synchronous orbit, and geostationary orbit. It also outlines the various platforms that can be used, such as ground-based, airborne, and space-borne. Finally, it examines the characteristics of remote sensing sensors, including spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal resolution.
Navigation System
This document provides information about a navigation system presentation. It includes:
- An introduction to navigation systems, their history, components, working, and errors/limitations.
- The presentation will be given by 5 group members and will explain navigation systems in automobiles, their history from 1973, and components including satellites, control stations, and receivers.
- It will describe how GPS works using trilateration to determine a receiver's position from distances to 3 or more satellites, and will discuss errors from multipath signals, almanac inaccuracies, and clock errors in receivers.
- The presentation concludes by noting it will also cover applications of navigation systems.
Satellite communication lecture9
The document discusses the key components and subsystems of satellite communication systems. It is broken down into two main segments:
1) The space segment, which includes the satellites in orbit that provide the communication relay services, and the ground control stations that monitor and control the satellites.
2) The ground segment, which consists of the terminals on the Earth's surface that utilize the satellite communication capabilities. These include fixed, transportable, and mobile terminals.
The space segment has two main components - the satellite bus, which provides basic support functions like structure, power, thermal control etc., and the payload which provides the actual communication relay equipment like transponders and antennas.
omkar satellite communication
This document provides an overview of satellites and satellite communication. It discusses the types of satellites including geostationary, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit satellites. The document describes the different types of orbits that satellites follow, including geostationary orbit, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit. It also discusses satellite communication concepts such as uplinks, downlinks, earth stations, communication bands, direct-to-home systems, and VSAT systems. The document is intended to inform about basic satellite and satellite communication topics.
Introduction to gps and gnss
GPS and GNSS systems provide accurate global navigation from networks of satellites. The original GPS system, developed by the US Department of Defense, uses 24 satellites that orbit the Earth twice per day. GPS calculates a user's position using the time difference of signals from multiple satellites to determine distance via triangulation. Modern GNSS systems include GPS as well as European, Russian, Chinese and Indian regional satellite constellations that augment GPS and provide additional navigation capabilities around the world.
Satellite communication
Satellite communication provides long distance communication by using satellites to transmit signals between locations on Earth. There are three types of satellites - active satellites that amplify and change the frequency of signals, passive satellites that simply reflect signals, and broadcasting satellites used for radio and television. Satellites orbit Earth in different patterns depending on their inclination and eccentricity. Key elements of satellite communication systems are the space segment including satellites, and the ground segment including earth stations. Satellite communication services can be one-way, such as broadcasting, or two-way, such as telephone calls.
Gps systems m. emin özgünsür
This document discusses GPS systems and how they work. It begins with defining GPS as the Global Positioning System, which uses satellites and radio signals to pinpoint a receiver's location anywhere in the world. It then discusses where GPS is used, including for military and civilian navigation, and how GPS works by measuring distances to multiple satellites. The document also provides details on GPS satellite locations and movements, the radio frequencies used, and how GPS receivers use timing data from satellites to triangulate their position. It concludes with an example of a GPS circuit using a PIC microcontroller.
IRNSS
The document provides information about India's Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). It discusses the following key points:
1. IRNSS architecture includes 7 satellites in geostationary and geosynchronous orbits that provide positioning services to India and surrounding areas. Signals are transmitted on L5 and S bands.
2. IRNSS signals use BPSK modulation and gold codes. Navigation data is transmitted at 50 symbols per second. Precise timing and positioning data is provided for users.
3. IRNSS frames have a master frame structure consisting of 4 subframes that transmit navigation parameters and messages for satellite identification and error correction.
Gps
Shane McDermott of Mid-West GIS presented on using GPS for field inventories. He discussed the different types of GPS technologies including real-time kinematic GPS which provides sub-centimeter accuracy in real time. Mid-West GIS uses RTK GPS with data collectors and a geodatabase model to accurately map and inventory utility assets for clients. The highly accurate location data allows clients to precisely know the location and attributes of assets.
GPS-errors-2
This document discusses GPS error sources and techniques for improving GPS accuracy, including:
- The troposphere causes delays in GPS signals and is a source of error. Techniques like WAAS and LAAS use reference stations and satellites to correct for tropospheric delays.
- Good satellite geometry with low PDOP provides the most accurate GPS positioning. Dilution of precision metrics like PDOP indicate satellite geometry quality.
- Ambiguity resolution techniques using dual or triple frequency carrier phase and code data can fix integer ambiguities and improve positioning accuracy to centimeter-level.
GPS IN AVIATION SYSTEM
This document provides a summary of a research paper on modified ionospheric tomography algorithms using GPS Aided Geo-Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) data. It describes how ionospheric delay modeling is challenging for GAGAN systems. A modified tomography technique is presented that uses fewer coefficients to characterize the Indian ionosphere, reducing processing time for real-time applications. The algorithm estimates electron density distributions using least squares solutions based on GPS total electron content measurements and empirical basis functions.
IRNSS
IRNSS is India's independent regional navigation satellite system consisting of seven satellites providing accurate positioning to users in India and within 1500 km of its borders. The system includes space, ground, and user segments. The space segment uses three geostationary and four geosynchronous orbiting satellites. The ground segment controls and maintains the satellites. The user segment utilizes dual-frequency receivers. IRNSS aims to provide positioning accuracy under 20 meters within its coverage area for various navigation and timing applications.
Introduction-of-GNSS-2
The document discusses various global and regional satellite navigation systems:
- GLONASS is Russia's system with 24 operational satellites. It provides improved precision and reliability when integrated with GPS.
- EGNOS and Galileo are Europe's systems to enhance GPS. EGNOS went live in 2004 as a precursor to Galileo, which launched its first satellites in 2016.
- BeiDou is China's system with 5 geostationary and 30 non-geostationary satellites. It began covering Asia-Pacific in 2012 and will cover the world by 2020.
- IRNSS is India's system consisting of 7 satellites, 3 geostationary and 4 geosynchronous, providing accuracy of 20 meters over India
High-Accuracy GPS for GIS: From 1ft to 4in.
It’s now possible to obtain decimeter (10cm/4in) horizontal and vertical accuracy using a mapping-grade receiver! This
presentation will cover the techniques and equipment necessary to achieve this level of accuracy. Such accuracy can be
obtained in the field or back in the office after data collection. Decimeter-level accuracy addresses the area in between
the survey-grade and the traditional “submeter” where GIS accuracy is typically defined. It is now possible to map
locations and navigate to underground facilities, critical infrastructure, and utility features when decimeter accuracy is
appropriate. Learn about the progress of Wisconsin DOT’s network of reference stations which will bring high-accuracy
possibilities as well as high-productivity GNSS to all of the state once completed. The status of the network construction
will also be addressed.
TT&C subsystem
The telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) subsystem allows ground stations to monitor and control satellites. It performs functions like controlling the satellite's orbit and attitude, realigning antennas, receiving and executing commands, tracking the satellite's position, and modulating and transmitting telemetry data about things like voltage, temperature, and tank pressures to ground stations. The subsystem consists of separate telemetry, tracking, and command subsystems that work together to monitor the satellite's conditions and control it from the ground.
Dr Stuart Eves
1) Small satellites and on-orbit manufacturing are enabling new capabilities like high-definition video from space. 2) The Carbonite program is demonstrating low-cost small satellites capable of 0.5-1 meter resolution color video. 3) Advanced technologies like onboard processing and optical inter-satellite links allow greater capabilities from small satellite constellations like improved space situational awareness and debris removal.
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Similar to MAVMeetup - All About GPS
Dgps concept
This document provides an overview of differential GPS (DGPS) concepts and techniques. It begins by explaining the primary sources of error in point positioning GPS measurements. It then describes how DGPS uses corrections from a reference station to minimize errors like atmospheric delays and orbital inaccuracies experienced by both the base and rover receivers. Real-time and post-processed DGPS methods are covered. Expected accuracy levels from point positioning, real-time DGPS, and post-processed DGPS are listed. The document concludes by relating the various GPS techniques to common accuracy requirements.
Dgps concept
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
GPS ERRORS
GPS provides precise location information globally in all weather conditions using a constellation of satellites. However, GPS measurements can be affected by various errors. A regular consumer GPS receiver has an accuracy of around 10 meters, while higher accuracy of a few centimeters is possible using techniques like dual frequency monitoring, relative kinematic positioning, and augmentation systems that integrate external correction information. Sources of errors include multipath interference, atmospheric delays, satellite geometry, clock errors, and receiver quality.
Dgps
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
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This document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System), including its history, components, working principles, accuracy, signals, sources of errors, and methods to improve accuracy. GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 30+ satellites that transmits location and time information to GPS receivers. It became fully operational in 1995 and is maintained by the US government. The three segments are the space, control, and user segments. The working principle involves determining the location of GPS satellites and calculating distances to them using signal travel times. [END SUMMARY]
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The document discusses GPS (Global Positioning System), including its history, components, operation, accuracy, and sources of error. The key points are:
1) GPS is a satellite-based navigation system operated by the U.S. Department of Defense that provides location and time information to users.
2) It consists of three segments - space (GPS satellites), control (monitoring stations), and user (GPS receivers).
3) GPS determines position by precisely measuring the time for signals from at least four satellites to reach a receiver and applying trilateration, accounting for factors like clock errors, atmospheric delays, and satellite geometry.
4) Sources of error include the ionosphere, troposphere
SUBSIDENCE MONITORING USING THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(GPS)
GPS uses signals from satellites to determine position on Earth. It consists of 3 segments - space (satellites), control (monitoring satellites), and user (receivers). Receivers use trilateration of signals from 4 satellites to calculate 3D position and time. Precise positioning GPS and kinematic RTK are used to monitor subsidence by repeatedly measuring points on the ground surface. Factors like number of satellites visible and differential corrections impact accuracy.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION AND IT'S APPLICATION IN GPS
The document discusses satellite communication and its application in GPS. It provides an outline covering topics like satellite orbits, types of satellites, subsystems, system design, frequency coordination, satellite links, capacity allocation, VSAT systems, the evolution of satellites, applications, and advantages/disadvantages. Key points include descriptions of different orbit types like LEO, GEO, and HEO; components of satellite systems including space and ground segments; and applications of satellite technology like GPS and fixed satellite services.
Satellite Communication
This document discusses satellite communication systems. It describes the basic elements which include the satellite in orbit and ground stations. Satellites receive and retransmit signals to allow communication between stations. The document outlines different satellite configurations for point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and multipoint-to-point communication. It also describes common satellite orbits including low, medium and geostationary orbits and how they differ in terms of altitude, coverage, and latency. Frequency bands used for uplinks and downlinks are also identified.
Gps
The document discusses key concepts about GPS (Global Positioning System) including:
1. GPS has three segments - the control segment controls the satellites from ground stations, the space segment consists of 24 satellites that transmit signals, and the user segment are the GPS receivers that receive signals to determine location.
2. GPS uses trilateration based on the time it takes signals from multiple satellites to reach the receiver to calculate the user's position. Accuracy depends on factors like receiver quality and atmospheric conditions.
3. Sources of error include satellite and receiver clocks, atmospheric delays, multipath interference, and satellite geometry which is measured by dilution of precision (DOP). Differential GPS can improve accuracy to 1-3 meters.
GPS ppt.
The document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System), including its history, core components, working principles, accuracy limitations, and applications. GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 3 segments - space, control, and user. It works by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from GPS satellites to reach a GPS receiver and triangulating its position based on distances to 4 or more satellites. Various methods can improve its accuracy to within a few centimeters.
B_gps.pdf
The document provides an introduction to GPS and GNSS systems. It discusses how GPS works by using timing signals from multiple satellites to calculate a receiver's position via trilateration. It addresses sources of error like atmospheric delays and describes methods to improve accuracy, including using differential GPS with a base station to correct for shared errors over short distances. Real-time kinematic systems can achieve centimeter-level accuracy by correcting carrier phase measurements. The document aims to explain basic GPS concepts and choosing the appropriate receiver type for different applications.
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Fractal Antenna
This document provides an overview of fractal antennas and their advantages for wireless communications. Fractal antennas can achieve multiband operation and miniaturization by utilizing fractal geometry which increases the effective antenna length while maintaining a small size. Specific fractal designs like the Koch loop and Sierpinski monopole and dipole are discussed. Fractal antennas have the potential to develop small, low profile antennas for applications like wireless communications.
Unit III GPS Receivers and Errors
Receiver Architecture, Receiver Design Options, Antenna Design,GPS Error Sources, SA Errors, Propagation Errors, Ionospheric Error, Tropospheric Error, Multipath Errors, Estimation using dual frequency GPS receiver, Methods of Multipath Mitigation, Ephemeris Data Errors, Clock Errors
Unit-1 GNSS.pdf
This lecture provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It discusses the prerequisites for GPS courses, expected course outcomes, and recommended textbooks. It describes the space, control, and user segments of GPS. The space segment consists of satellites in six orbital planes. The control segment tracks satellites and uploads data. Recommended applications of GPS include navigation, mapping, agriculture, and more. The document provides background on GPS frequency bands, signals, and communication.
Role of Sensors-Applications.pdf
This document discusses Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and others. It provides details on:
- The components and history of GPS, including its space, ground, and user segments. GPS uses satellites and signals to determine position globally.
- How GPS works by using satellite ranging, precise timing from atomic clocks, and trilateration to calculate a user's position. It requires at least 4 satellites.
- Applications of GPS technology including navigation, mapping, timing, and tracking of people and assets. GPS is used widely in aviation, maritime, agriculture, and other areas.
Towards Autonomous Driving on road: the E-GNSS contribution
H2020 Jupiter Project's webinar, hold on February 23rd 2016.
ISMB researchers present the GNSS systems, the status of the European GNSS and the fundamental role of the “local integrity” concept for the successful deployment of the autonomous driving.
The Gps Technology Paras
GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information to users worldwide. It uses a constellation of 24 satellites and trilateration techniques to determine the user's position by calculating distances to four or more satellites. Sources of error include atmospheric conditions and satellite clock errors, but differential GPS and systems like WAAS can achieve accuracy of 3 meters or better for civilian users.
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MAVMeetup - All About GPS
- 2. AGENDA • Theory of GPS • System Description, Math, Errors • Kalman Filtering, RTK, Inertial Navigation • Operation of GPS • Accuracy, Usage, Limitations
- 3. GPS SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GPS vs. GNSS • Absolute positioning • GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS,WAAS, IRNSS
- 4. TRILATERATION • Receiver estimates range to SV • Using 4 or more ranges, position on surface of Earth can be computed
- 5. TRACKING • Low SNR • Correlation • Coherent Integration
- 6. RANGING • Basic Ranging Equation: • Dt = (Position of Satellite - Position of User) * c • Pseudorange • Deltarange
- 7. EPHEMERIS • Satellites tell you their location • Data transmitted as phase shifts encoded on top of correlation code
- 8. POSITIONING (MATH!) • Basic Ranging Equation: • Dt = (Position of Satellite - Position of User) * c • What are the unknowns? • 4 unknowns => 4 equations • Least Sum of Squares
- 9. KALMAN FILTERING • Predict, then correct • Model all the unknowns (states) • Residuals, Convergence
- 10. COMMON FILTER STATES • Position (x,y,z) • Velocity (dx,dy,dz) • Acceleration? • Orientation? • Time • Clock Bias • Clock Drift
- 11. ERRORS • Obstructions • Reflections • Interference
- 12. OTHER CONSTELLATIONS • GLONASS: Russia (24 SVs) • Galileo: Europe (10/30 SVs) • IRNSS: India (5/7 SVs) • BeiDou: China (20/35) • QZSS,WAAS, GAGAN, EGNOS, MSAS, StarFire, OmniSTAR
- 13. SPECTRUM • L-Band Signals • CodeTypes
- 16. CARRIER PHASETRACKING • Survey-Grade Receivers • Expensive HW Requirements • Complex Algorithms
- 17. CORRECTIONS • Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) • SBAS
- 18. MULTI-ANTENNA ARRAYS • Estimate Angle of Arrival • Multipath Mitigation
- 19. INERTIAL NAVIGATION • Accelerometer, Gyroscope • Dead Reckoning: Integration of IMU data • Strength: Short Interval Dynamics • Weakness:Time
- 20. LOOSE COUPLING • Navigation with GPS + IMU
- 21. TIGHT COUPLING • Feedback of Inertial data into GPS signal processing engine
- 22. ULTRA-TIGHT COUPLING • GPS and Inertial combined into one system • Central Navigation Filter
- 23. CHALLENGES
- 24. CHALLENGES: URBAN CANYONS • Lots of Multipath, Obstruction • Multi-constellation helps!
- 25. CHALLENGES: JAMMING • Broadcast noise to “drown out” GPS signals • Most common type: CW
- 26. CHALLENGES: SPOOFING • Broadcasting fake satellite signals to induce a false location into a receiver
- 27. CHALLENGES: LIGHTSQUARED • LightSquared: Comm System • Ongoing battle about interference
- 28. OPERATION
- 29. WHAT DOES GPSTELLYOU? • Position • Velocity • Heading • DOPs
- 30. ACCURACY • Vertical: Bad - Horizontal: It Depends • “Standard” GPS: 3-4 m • RTK: cm possible
- 31. INTERFACES: NMEA • National Marine Electronics Association’s NMEA 0183 • Problematic yet common • ASCII
- 32. INTERFACES: MAVLINK • Micro AirVehicle Communication Protocol • Binary Format • Supported by ArduPilot, others
- 33. INTERFACES: PROPRIETARY • uBlox, others have proprietary binary formats • Faster, more consistent • Not human-readable
- 34. TROUBLESHOOTING • No Fix: • ClearView to Sky? • Tracking SVs? • Ephemeris Decoded? • Poor Fix: • What are CN0’s? • Obstructions? • Interference?
- 35. COMMON INTERFERENCE • Cellular Networks, Radios • FM/TV Broadcasting • Electromagnetic Fields • Any other on-board radios, if not properly designed
- 37. ALTERNATIVES: ELORAN • Ground-based GPS-like system, currently being debated in Congress
- 38. ALTERNATIVES: IOT • Navigation using connected devices around you • Ashton Carter (SecDef) statements in 2015
- 39. SIDE NOTE:ADS-B • System for aircraft to communication location to each other and the NAS • sUAS typically can’t afford beacons in power & weight budgets