The document describes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and female external and internal generative organs. It discusses the layers of the anterior abdominal wall in detail. It then describes the structures of the external genitalia including the vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, and Bartholin's glands. It also provides an overview of the internal generative organs such as the vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. It discusses the blood supply, nerve supply and ligaments associated with the female pelvic anatomy.
Anatomy of the breast for medical/dental students. This presentation also contains MCQs to test your knowledge as well as clinical scenario to apply your knowledge.
ANATOMY OF UTERUS
ANATOMY OF OVARY
ANATOMY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES
ANATOMY OF UTERUS &ITS APPENDAGES
ANATOMY OF CERVIX
ANATOMY OF UTERUS PPT
BLOOD SUPPLY, NERVE SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
HISTOLOGY
Anatomy of the breast for medical/dental students. This presentation also contains MCQs to test your knowledge as well as clinical scenario to apply your knowledge.
ANATOMY OF UTERUS
ANATOMY OF OVARY
ANATOMY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES
ANATOMY OF UTERUS &ITS APPENDAGES
ANATOMY OF CERVIX
ANATOMY OF UTERUS PPT
BLOOD SUPPLY, NERVE SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
HISTOLOGY
This is a clinically oriented maternal anatomy, prepared by Dr Gebresilassie Andualem
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The reproductive organs in female are those which are concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth anddevelopment of the fetus and its subsequent exit to the outer world. the organs are broadly divided into:• External genitalia • Internal genitalia
Abdominal anatomical and symptoms and symptoms and Marasmus of the fetus first and symptoms to the signs on a verification dsujŝkkkllllllllljnvvvhĵjbvvghhjjĵkķkkkkkkkkkkkllķ
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
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ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
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- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
3. ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
Anterior Abdominal wall stretches to accommodate
the expanding uterus & provide surgical access to the
internal reproductive organs, thus comprehensive
knowledge of it’s layered structure is required to
surgically enter the peritoneal cavity.
The anterior abdominal wall extends from the xiphoid
process of the sternum and costal margins cranially to
the iliac crest and pubic bones caudally
4. • Skin
– Langer lines
• Subcutaneous Layer
– Camper’s fascia
– Scarpa’s fascia
• Primary fascia (aponeurosis)/rectus sheath
• Abdominal wall muscles
– Rectus abdominis
– Pyramidalis
– Obliques (Ext. & Int.)
– Tranversus abdominis
• Tranversalis fascia
• Extra peritoneal tissue
• Parietal layer of peritonuem
LAYERS OF THE ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL
5.
6. Skin
Langer lines :
These describes the
orientation of dermal fibers
within the skin. In Ant.
Abdominal wall they are
arranged transversely. As a
result of this, vertical skin
incisions sustain greater and
thus in general it develops
wider scars.
In contrast, Low Transverse
incisions such as Pfannenstiel
incision follows larger lines
and lead to superior cosmetic
result.
LAYERS OF THE ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL
7. Subcutaneous Layer
– Camper’s fascia (Superficial fatty layer)
– Scarpa’s fascia (Deeper membranous
layer)
Camper’s Fascia : Continues on to the
perineum to provide fatty substance to
Mons pubis, Labia majora and then to
blend with the fat of Ischio – anal fossa.
Scarpa’s Fascia : Continues inferiorly on to
perineum as Colles fascia.
LAYERS OF THE ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL
8. Primary fascia (aponeurosis)/Rectus sheath – It is formed
by Fibrous aponeurosis of External Obliques, Internal
Obliques, Transverse abdominis, these fuse in the midline
at the Linea alba [Normal 10 – 15mm]
These three aponeuroses also invest the Rectus abdominis
muscle .
Rectus sheath construction is different above and below
the arcuate line
LAYERS OF THE ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL
13. Blood Supply of the ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL
BRANCHES OF FEMORAL ARTERY
Superficial Epigastric Artery
Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery
Superficial External Pudendal Artery
supplies Skin,
Subcutaneous layer &
Mons Pubis.
Inferior Deep Epigastric Vessels : Branch of External
Iliac vessels – supplies Anterior Abdominal wall
muscles & Fascia
Lies above the Arcuate line between Posterior
Rectus sheath & Rectus Abdominis.
14. Near the umbilicus : Inferior epigastric vessels
anastomoses with Superior epigastric artery and
vein which are the branches of internal thoracic
vessels
Clinically when a Maylard incision is used for
cesarean delivery ,the inferior epigastric vessels
may be lacerated lateral to the rectus belly during
muscle transection .preventively ,identification
&surgical occlusion are preferrable
15.
16.
17. Nerve Supply of the ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL
WALL
Inter coastal Nerve [ T7 – 11]
Sub coastal Nerve [T12]
Ilio hypogastric Nerve[L1]
Ilio inguinal Nerve[L1]
Derived from Anterior Rami of
thoracic spinal nerves
Intercoastal & Subcoastal nerves are the anterior rami spinal nerves, an
Intercoastal nerve extends ventrally between the Trasversus abdominis and
Internal oblique muscles.
During this path, the nerve ives rise to Lateral & Anterior cutaneus branches – that
innervates the Ant. Abdominal wall.
The space between Transversus abdominis & Internal obliques is known as –
TRANS ABDOMINIS PLANE. [Most widely used for Post C – section analgesia
blockade.]
18. Ilio hypogastric and Ilio inguinal nerves supply
the suprapubic area ,lower abdomen,and mons
pubis.
These nerve fibres run between the layers of
rectus sheath lateral to rectus muscle and may be
entrapped during closure, especially if incisions
beyond the lateral borders of the rectus abdominis
muscle.
These nerves carry sensory information only, and
injury leads to loss of sensations within the areas
supplied. Chronic pain may develop in rare cases.
19. The T10 dermatome
approximates the level of
the umbilicus.
Analgesia to this level is
suitabe for labor & Vaginal
Birth.
Regional analgesia for
Cesarean delivery or for
puerperal sterilization
ideally extends to T4.
21. MONS PUBIS :This is a triangular area anterior to the
pubic bones;
It is continuous with the abdominal wall above and with
labia below.
It is filled with adipose tissue and covered by hairy skin
:LABIA MAJORA:These are folds of fatty tissue covered
by skin that extend from the mons pubis to the perineum
to meet in front of the anus, forming the posterior
fourchette.
The skin on the lateral aspects of the labia majora is
pigmented and covered by hair .
The inner aspect is smooth and shiny and contains
apocrine, sweat & sebaceous glands .
23. LABIA MINORA:Labia minora are
folds of skin that lie medial to the labia
majora,encircling the urethral and
vaginal orificies.
Posteriorly they fuse with the posterior
fourchette but anteriorly they divide to
form hood /prepuce & a frenulum for
the clitoris
24. HART’S LINE:The outer side of L.Minora
is lined by keratinized squamous
epithelium.
The medial (inner)side of L.minora is lined
by non keratinized squamous epithelium.
The line which divides outer and inner side
of L.minora is called HART”S LINE
25. • Vulva (pudenda): includes all structures
visible externally from the symphysis pubis
to the perineal body.
EXTERNAL GENERATIVE ORGANS
26. CLITORIS
It is the main female erectile structure & is located
anterior to the urethral orifice between the anterior
folds of the labia minora.
It is the homologous of the penis in men
It is about 1.5-2cm in length.
• Parts :
– Glans – richly innervated
– Corpus
– (2) crura
EXTERNAL GENERATIVE ORGANS
27. VESTIBULE
It is an almond shaped area
enclosed by labia minora
laterally & extends from
clitoris to fourchette
Perforated By 6 Openings
– Urethra
– Vagina
– Bartholin gland ducts
– Skene glands
EXTERNAL GENERATIVE ORGANS
28. VESTIBULE
Boundaries
– P: fourchette
– A: clitoral frenulum
anteriorly
– L: Hart line laterally
– M: external surface of
hymen medially
Fossa navicularis
– posterior portion of
the vestibule
between the
fourchette and the
EXTERNAL GENERATIVE ORGANS
32. BARTHOLIN GLAND
1)pea shaped gland
2)2 in number
3)located in superficial perineal pouch between
L.majora & L.minora at 4’o & 8’o clock postion .
4)These are homologous to cowper glands in
male .
5)Duct of the Bartholin gland open in the
vestibule outside the hymen i.e at the junction
of anterior 2/3rd & posterior 1/3rd .
6)If duct gets blocked ,it leads to Bartholin cyst .
38. HYMEN
It is a septum of mucous membrane which
usually gets ruptured during first
intercourse or during sternous exercise.
The hymen gets badly torn at parturition to
form different sized cicatrized nodules
known as hymenal tags
49. LYMPHATICS :
Inguinal lymph nodes
lower third, along with those of the vulva
Internal iliac nodes
middle third
External, internal, and common iliac nodes
upper third
NERVE SUPPLY
Sympathetic from hypogastric plexus
Parasympathetic from S2,3,4
VAGINA
50. Cervix
Small opening (nulli)
Slit-like (parous)
Ectocervix: NKSS epithelium
Endocervix: Simple Columnar ep.
SCJ is the mc site of
malignant
transformation
Eversion – during pregnancy
Composition: collagen,
elastin, proteoglycans,
very little SM
54. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO KNOW
RELATIONSHIPOF THESE
STRUCTURES
MC CAUSE of failure of female
sterilization is identificationof wrong
structure
Therefore; to prevent this wrong identification ,tube
should be identified by distal end
62. ANATOMY OF THE POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
ISCHIO RECTAL FOSSAE
Two fat-filled wedge-shaped spaces
found on either side of the anal
canal (comprise the bulk of the
posterior triangle)
ANAL CANAL
distal continuation of the rectum:
begins at the level of levator ani
attachment to the rectum and ends at
the anal skin (4 to 5-cm long)
Anal cushion – aids in the complete
closure of canal and fecal continence
when apposed
Lining (mucosa):
columnar epithelium (upper)
stratified squamous epithelium
(dentate line)
HEMORRHOIDS :
External
CC: pain (inferior rectal nerve)
Internal
CC: bleeding
63. The ANAL SPHINCTER Complex
Description Function Symptoms
EAS Striated muscle attaching to PB anteriorly
Provides squeeze pressure
responsible or maintaining fecal
continence when continence is threatened
25% resting pressure
Provides
emergency
control for liquid
stool and flatus
Fecal urgency
Urge
incontinence:
liquid & flatus
IAS Continuation of the rectal circular smooth Keeps anal canal Fecal soiling
muscle. (70-85% resting pressure) closed at rest, Incontinence
maintenance of fecal continence at rest continence of liquid of liquid
Receives parasympathetic nerve fibers stool & flatus stool and flatus
74. The broad ligaments
Two wing like structures that extend from the lateral
uterine margins to the pelvic sidewalls.
Peritoneum that folds over the fallopian tube
mesosalpinx, round ligament is the mesoteres
Ovarian ligament is the mesovarium.
Ligaments
77. • CARDINAL LIGAMENT
– Transverse Cervical Ligament
– Mackenrodt ligament
• anchors medially to the uterus and
upper vagina.
• PARAMETRIUM is the connective tissues adjacent and
lateral to the uterus within the broad ligament.
• PARACERVICAL tissues are those adjacent to the cervix
• PARACOLPIUM is that tissue lateral to the vaginal walls.
Ligaments
86. Ovaries
Rests at the ovarian fossa of Waldeyer.
Sympathetic nerves : ovarian plexus (originates in the renal
plexus)
Parasympathetic input : Vagus nerve
Sensory afferents follow the ovarian artery and enter at T10