Materials handling concerns the movement, storage, and control of materials in a process. It can be manual, mechanized, or automated. The goals are to reduce costs, maintain quality, decrease damages, assure safety, increase productivity, and control inventory. However, automation brings additional capital costs, reduces flexibility, and risks downtime and increased maintenance costs. Effective materials handling follows the "right" method, amount, material, place, time, sequence, position, condition, and cost. Packaging contains, protects, handles, delivers, and preserves goods from producer to customer. There are three levels of packaging: primary, secondary, and tertiary/transportation packaging. Packaging is also used to attract attention, assist promotion,