Action research is a systematic process used by teachers to improve their own classroom practices. It involves observing students, collecting data, reflecting on the issues, planning and implementing solutions, then evaluating the results in an ongoing cycle. The key steps in action research models include observing classroom issues, reflecting on possible causes and solutions, planning interventions, and acting to implement changes. Common elements across models are a focus on clear goals, appropriate research methods, and using results to improve teaching practices. Action research helps teachers better understand their students and develop more effective teaching strategies.