The document summarizes a project report for the "Dhron-Pi Open Source Education System" created by a student group. Key points:
- The project aims to create an affordable, portable education solution using a Raspberry Pi that can provide educational resources offline without internet access.
- It will act as a wireless access point and server to provide text, images, and videos to users through a web browser or GUI on the Pi or connected PCs.
- ZIM file formats will be used to compress and store educational content from sources like Wikipedia to reduce storage needs and increase portability.
- The Raspberry Pi 3 was selected as the embedded system due to its processing power, memory,
Review of monitoring tools for e learning platformsijcsit
The advancement of e-learning technologies has made it viable for developments in education and
technology to be combined in order to fulfil educational needs worldwide. E-learning consists of informal
learning approaches and emerging technologies to support the delivery of learning skills, materials,
collaboration and knowledge sharing. E-learning is a holistic approach that covers a wide range of
courses, technologies and infrastructures to provide an effective learning environment. The Learning
Management System (LMS) is the core of the entire e-learning process along with technology, content, and
services. This paper investigates the role of model-driven personalisation support modalities in providing
enhanced levels of learning and trusted assimilation in an e-learning delivery context. We present an
analysis of the impact of an integrated learning path that an e-learning system may employ to track
activities and evaluate the performance of learners.
This document discusses using social networking platforms as new technology tools for e-learning. It begins by introducing how social networks have made connecting people globally easier and cheaper. It then discusses how e-learning through web-based learning systems provides advantages for both teachers and students by allowing flexibility. The popularity of using social networks as an educational tool is increasing as educators incorporate platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn into learning. A study examined students' usage of learning management systems versus social networks for educational purposes. It found that social networks were used more regularly and seen as more useful and effective for spreading information among students. The conclusion is that while some students still prefer learning management systems, social networks can provide a richer environment for sharing knowledge between educators and peers
IoT-based students interaction framework using attention-scoring assessment i...eraser Juan José Calderón
IoT-based students interaction framework using attention-scoring assessment in eLearning. Muhammad Farhan a,b, Sohail Jabbar a,c,d, Muhammad Aslam b, Mohammad Hammoudeh e, Mudassar Ahmad c, Shehzad Khalid f, Murad Khan g,Kijun Han d,
Implementing e-learning in far western region of Nepal by Gajendra Sharma* and Mahesh Prashad Bhatta in Crimson Publishers: Electronics and Telecommunications
The rapid developments of internet and communication technologies have materially altered many characteristics and concepts of the learning environment. E-learning has started to make way into developing countries and is believed to have huge potential for governments struggling to meet a growing demand for education while facing shortage of expert teachers, shortage of update textbooks and limited teaching materials. The objective of this study is to determine the major challenges of implementing e-learning systems in far western region of Nepal. The results of this study will serve as a basic for improving higher education in developing countries. There are many commercial or free e-learning systems available on the market. Most of these e-learning systems provide lot of functionality and modules. Some courses are completely based on e-learning resources instead of traditional learning model. E-learning system also offers graphs and charts of student’s results. This system is based on linear workflow. That means students can see new learning resources and tests only after previous was done. Students can also create their own learning plan by defining dates. System is able to export this plan into general calendar format or remind students via e-mail.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojec/fulltext/COJEC.000514.php
For More open access journals in Crimson Publishers
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Electronics and Telecommunications
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojec
This research aims at examining the effect of Ease, Affect, Flexibility and Accessibility of information technology on utilizing virtual learning environment at Universitas Terbuka. The population of the research consists students of Bidikmisi scholarship in Non Basic Education program of Accounting that include of 145 respondents. The sampling method is purposive sampling with 141 eligible samples. The questionnaires are measured with Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis that covers descriptive statistics, reliability test and validity test. Classical Assumption Test which includes multcollinearity test is later conducted. Hypothesis testing and discussion are presented at the end. Result of research with t test or partially indicate that, variable of ease of use have positive relation and have significant influence to interest of utilization of virtual learning environment, t test result for accessibility variable have positive relation and no significant effect to interest of utilization of virtual learning environment. The result of the research on the affect variable has a positive relationship and has a significant effect on the interest of utilizing the virtual learning environment. While the flexibility variable shows have a negative relationship and no significant effect on the interest of utilization of virtual learning environment.
This document discusses the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and e-learning, with a focus on how data mining can be used in the context of e-learning. It first provides background on e-learning and how ICT has enhanced e-learning through technologies like web 2.0. It then discusses how educational data mining uses data collected by e-learning systems and tools to gain insights about students, learning, and how to improve practices. Specific techniques like analyzing keystroke data and data at different levels can provide valuable information. The document concludes that data mining techniques applied by education experts can help address open challenges in e-learning systems and help transform education in India.
Review of monitoring tools for e learning platformsijcsit
The advancement of e-learning technologies has made it viable for developments in education and
technology to be combined in order to fulfil educational needs worldwide. E-learning consists of informal
learning approaches and emerging technologies to support the delivery of learning skills, materials,
collaboration and knowledge sharing. E-learning is a holistic approach that covers a wide range of
courses, technologies and infrastructures to provide an effective learning environment. The Learning
Management System (LMS) is the core of the entire e-learning process along with technology, content, and
services. This paper investigates the role of model-driven personalisation support modalities in providing
enhanced levels of learning and trusted assimilation in an e-learning delivery context. We present an
analysis of the impact of an integrated learning path that an e-learning system may employ to track
activities and evaluate the performance of learners.
This document discusses using social networking platforms as new technology tools for e-learning. It begins by introducing how social networks have made connecting people globally easier and cheaper. It then discusses how e-learning through web-based learning systems provides advantages for both teachers and students by allowing flexibility. The popularity of using social networks as an educational tool is increasing as educators incorporate platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn into learning. A study examined students' usage of learning management systems versus social networks for educational purposes. It found that social networks were used more regularly and seen as more useful and effective for spreading information among students. The conclusion is that while some students still prefer learning management systems, social networks can provide a richer environment for sharing knowledge between educators and peers
IoT-based students interaction framework using attention-scoring assessment i...eraser Juan José Calderón
IoT-based students interaction framework using attention-scoring assessment in eLearning. Muhammad Farhan a,b, Sohail Jabbar a,c,d, Muhammad Aslam b, Mohammad Hammoudeh e, Mudassar Ahmad c, Shehzad Khalid f, Murad Khan g,Kijun Han d,
Implementing e-learning in far western region of Nepal by Gajendra Sharma* and Mahesh Prashad Bhatta in Crimson Publishers: Electronics and Telecommunications
The rapid developments of internet and communication technologies have materially altered many characteristics and concepts of the learning environment. E-learning has started to make way into developing countries and is believed to have huge potential for governments struggling to meet a growing demand for education while facing shortage of expert teachers, shortage of update textbooks and limited teaching materials. The objective of this study is to determine the major challenges of implementing e-learning systems in far western region of Nepal. The results of this study will serve as a basic for improving higher education in developing countries. There are many commercial or free e-learning systems available on the market. Most of these e-learning systems provide lot of functionality and modules. Some courses are completely based on e-learning resources instead of traditional learning model. E-learning system also offers graphs and charts of student’s results. This system is based on linear workflow. That means students can see new learning resources and tests only after previous was done. Students can also create their own learning plan by defining dates. System is able to export this plan into general calendar format or remind students via e-mail.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojec/fulltext/COJEC.000514.php
For More open access journals in Crimson Publishers
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Electronics and Telecommunications
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojec
This research aims at examining the effect of Ease, Affect, Flexibility and Accessibility of information technology on utilizing virtual learning environment at Universitas Terbuka. The population of the research consists students of Bidikmisi scholarship in Non Basic Education program of Accounting that include of 145 respondents. The sampling method is purposive sampling with 141 eligible samples. The questionnaires are measured with Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis that covers descriptive statistics, reliability test and validity test. Classical Assumption Test which includes multcollinearity test is later conducted. Hypothesis testing and discussion are presented at the end. Result of research with t test or partially indicate that, variable of ease of use have positive relation and have significant influence to interest of utilization of virtual learning environment, t test result for accessibility variable have positive relation and no significant effect to interest of utilization of virtual learning environment. The result of the research on the affect variable has a positive relationship and has a significant effect on the interest of utilizing the virtual learning environment. While the flexibility variable shows have a negative relationship and no significant effect on the interest of utilization of virtual learning environment.
This document discusses the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and e-learning, with a focus on how data mining can be used in the context of e-learning. It first provides background on e-learning and how ICT has enhanced e-learning through technologies like web 2.0. It then discusses how educational data mining uses data collected by e-learning systems and tools to gain insights about students, learning, and how to improve practices. Specific techniques like analyzing keystroke data and data at different levels can provide valuable information. The document concludes that data mining techniques applied by education experts can help address open challenges in e-learning systems and help transform education in India.
Unlocking digital literacy practices of EFL teachersEkoPurwanti1
Digital literacy practice is necessary for education since information and communication technology has developed rapidly, resulting in shifting to the era of digital technology. The digital literacy practices in school and especially in classrooms are required for preparing 21st-century students. This study aims to (1) determine teachers’ perceptions of digital literacy practices in the level of classroom and school, (2) point out the digital literacy practices of English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, and (3) investigate the challenges faced by the EFL teachers in applying digital literacy practices in the classroom. This study revealed the digital literacy practices of thirteen EFL Teachers in Yogyakarta using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results uncovered that digital literacy was highly supported, evidenced by the facility, equipment, and the connectivity provided in all schools with a variety of free internet access. In the classroom level, these teachers practised digital literacy by using some digital tools. In implementing digital literacy, the teachers faced some challenges, such as defective equipment and Internet access and intrinsic factors such as teachers’ knowledge in technology, their attitudes toward digital technology, and students’ commitment to apply digital literacy. These findings are followed by recommendations for schools, teachers, and further research.
Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become commonplace entities in all aspects of life. In the 21st century world is moving rapidly into digital media and information, so the role of ICT in education is very important .Higher education in the country is experiencing a major transformation in terms of access, equity and quality. ICT helps to share availability of best practices and best course material in education. ICT based education causes changes in the educational objectives in the conception of the teaching and learning process. In this regard the paper addresses the integration of ICTs in various aspects of higher education in the present scenario.
Solving The Problem of Adaptive E-Learning By Using Social NetworksEswar Publications
This paper propose an enhanced E-Learning Social Network Exploiting Approach focused around chart model and clustering algorithm, which can consequently gathering dispersed e-learners with comparative premiums and make fitting suggestions, which can at last upgrade the collective learning among comparable e-learners. Through closeness
revelation, trust weights overhaul and potential companions change, the algorithm actualized a programmed adjusted trust association with progressively upgraded fulfillments.
E Learning and Learning Management Systems Advantages, Disadvantages and Sugg...ijtsrd
With the developing technology, different e learning concept has entered our lives. This new education model, which is very different from traditional education administration, has been adopted by the education community and learners. Thanks to this model that provides internet based training, it is possible to receive or give training without the concept of time and space. However, when the issue is a critical area such as education, this new method needs to be discussed and analyzed. First, the concept of e learning and learning management systems in the infrastructure of this new education model should be understood in detail. Determining the software modules that LMSs consisting of internet based software is a guide in this study. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of this new education model were evaluated and presented item by item. At the end of the study, suggestions were given to the individuals or institutions who were educated with e learning model or developed LMS software. Gülleman Erdal | Erdal Erdal "E-Learning and Learning Management Systems: Advantages, Disadvantages and Suggestions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd36911.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/36911/elearning-and-learning-management-systems-advantages-disadvantages-and-suggestions/gülleman-erdal
We are, no doubt, quite habituated with Chalk and Talk method in our class. It is also practiced all over the world. But integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in our teaching-learning process, in our curriculum is an undeniable fact. It is not only the demand of the hour, National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) has made adopting ICT mandatory. Besides, for promotion or direct recruitment in superior position, now teachers need to furnish Academic Performance Indicator (API) that also provides points for the teachers who has integrated ICT in delivering their lectures. Thus embracing ICT not only benefits Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) but also facilitates teachers as well as preparing students for the 21st century and beyond. In today's world access, equity and quality are 3 cardinal principles to promote advancement of learning and higher education. I have divided my presentation in 3 parts-firstly I have given few introductory concepts, next, 7 practical steps to inculcate ICT in your college and thirdly, few important initiatives that have taken by the MHRD through its NMEICT project. In fact, ICT has changed our lives, the way we think, work, read and learn. Some people may think that ICT has changed everything which they may not be able to cope up with but this is not true because nothing has changed. Only the form, formats, storage and delivery mechanism have changed. We have to take our education to the next higher level to make our education globally competing and we have to connect with the world through exchanging our ideas and our resources. ICT has empowered us for better and improved communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity. ICT is change agent. These 4C's can change the higher educational scenario in our country in the years to come.
The purpose of this study is to discuss about utilization of Whatsapp application as discussion media in Blended Learning. This study sought to integrate learning technologies to improve the quality of student's learning. Messenger application is used to communicate synchronously, so it can be positioned as a discussion media. This study focused on Whatsapp capabilities can be utilized to conduct in online learning of Blended Learning. This study aims to describe the discussion media. This study through the literature review that outlines the stages of Blended Learning using Whatsapp application as a discussion media by using qualitative methods. The result shows that Whatsapp application utilization as a discussion media in Blended Learning sessions initiated by offline using conventional methods, so the online session focused on the discussion as indicated by dialogue and interaction among participants.
Application of Information Technology in Advancement of Educationinventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The information technology incorporated in education provides a vision of better quality education facilitated through the adoption and promotion of IT. In education IT is helpful to provide database, to provide students access to digital technologies and internet in and outside the classroom and provides self paced learning through the tools like assignment and evaluation of learners. it also provide quality digital content access to the teachers immediate two way communication between teacher and learner. However, a feedback study was felt to have actual idea of advancement in education due to IT in the small towns like Sitapur. Hence the study was made regarding application of IT in secondary schools by students & teachers of class ix of Sitapur district.
A Pilot Study on Current and Future Trends in E-learning, Distance Learning a...AM Publications,India
Due to tremendous explorations in internet the entire teaching learning methodologies have been changed. In the old days the education system mainly followed the “gurukul” system. Slowly the people shifted from those classical methods and adopted postal coaching in early 70-s. After innovations of internet a further changes have been made in teaching learning process. Now a new concept has come up. Education for all and anywhere and anytime. In the present study the author will make systematic study on new innovative teaching learning methodologies and also its importance in coming days. In the present paper the authors have tried to explore a comparative study among e-learning, distance learning, on-line learning methodologies. The authors have also made a study on how ARM technology can improve the teaching learning methods by reducing the H/W cost
A Literature Survey on Mobile-Learning Management SystemsAM Publications
In today’s digital era, due to development in wireless communication technology, proliferation of electronics gazettes usage especially smartphones is at peak point across the globe. Without smartphone, most of the individuals feel inconvenience in their daily routine India is not an exception for it, today; India has the second-biggest smartphone market in terms of active unique smartphone users, which crossed 220 million users. These innovations and developments in mobile technologies have an impact on education and learning systems which in turn resulted into the potential to develop an education system that enables individuals and groups to learn bypassing the time and place constraints. This paper gives a glimpse on characteristics, elements, security risks, design issues and challenges of mobile learning management system.
Invited Lecture (on 27th Feb 2017) in the Short Term Course on Computer & Digital Education conducted by the UGC-HRDC, University of Calcutta
ICT has brought to us immense possibilities for imparting teaching-learning process without compromising 3 cardinal principles of higher education i.e., access, equity and quality. Accessing to the global open knowledge also led to open innovation and it was made possible only because of global connectivity on ICT platform. Moocs to M-learning attesting the importance and indispensability of ICT to reach the unreached.
Establishment of Educational Network among the Undergraduate with Mobile Appl...Cahit Berkay Kazangirler
Abstract— It is easier and faster for students to learn from knowledgeable students. The speed of information age and evolving educational technology have changed the way of teaching and the level of knowledge acquired during teaching. In this study, we present establishment of educational network among the undergraduate with mobile application. Students will be trained on the mobile application using smart devices which are present in almost every university student today. For this training, firstly the teams will be established and the target group will be reached for the education given by the knowledgeable student. With the mobile application to be prepared, students will be able to enroll in courses that are opened, will be notified about the lessons from the instructors and will be able to access the necessary source documents easily. The application will also be a website at the same time and all the operations performed in the application will also be available on the website.
Educational and Technological Standards of Educational Software Based on Inte...iosrjce
The document discusses establishing educational and technological standards for educational software based on the internet. It presents a literature review on e-learning technologies and their benefits. The researcher used a descriptive analytical method, including expert interviews and a questionnaire, to develop a list of standards. The results section provides the list, which includes 53 educational standard items across 5 areas (general information, content organization, screen design, evaluation, and flexibility) and 39 technological standard items across 3 areas (design, tools, and evaluation). The standards aim to provide guidance for developing high-quality educational software based on internet.
This document provides an overview of e-learning, including definitions, goals and benefits, the e-learning market and industry growth, content and technology issues, and services. E-learning is defined as instruction delivered via digital technologies to remote learners, and has benefits like improved performance, increased access, and flexibility. The global e-learning market is large and growing. Content and technology continue to evolve through approaches like learning objects and new platforms.
Developing a Computer-Assisted Instruction Model for Vocational High Schoolsinventy
This document discusses the development of a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) model for vocational high schools. It begins by outlining challenges in modern learning related to changing perceptions of learning and advances in information technology. The document then reviews relevant learning theories that can support CAI development, including behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development. It also discusses different CAI models and approaches to developing instructional media. The goal of the study is to systematically develop a valid, practical and consistent CAI model for vocational high schools that integrates multiple teaching methods and constructivist learning theory.
THE USE OF CLOUD E-LEARNING PLATFORM TO ENHANCE EFFICIENCY OF HOSPITAL IN JOB...ijcsit
Hospital in order to host multimedia content, licenses and staff in-service education in learning, learning platform to promote construction of the clouds. In this study, quantitative research to explore the building through the clouds to enhance the learning platform with the hospital staff in the benefits of the correlation.
First, literature review to identify the factors that measure the effectiveness of e-learning. Second, using a questionnaire designed to identify factors that enhance the effectiveness of online learning platform and build the relationship between the cloud-learning platforms to identify design strategies. The again, using these factors to design cloud e-learning platform for hospital. Finally, the assessment review of the applicability of the cloud-learning platform.
EXTENT INFORMATION RESOURCES PROVISION OF NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA...AkashSharma618775
This work examined the extent Information resources provision of National Open University of Nigeria
meet the information needs of their students in Southeast Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study.
Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 42,200
NOUN Students from four study centers in southeast out of which 2111 were sampled. Random sampling
technique was used to draw the sample. Instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Its
reliability was established using Cronbach alpha. Data collected was analyzed using arithmetic mean. From the
analysis, given that the various information resources needed by students are to a high extent, more so the
provided information resources by NOUN to its students to meet their information need are to a low extent.
However these were not without challenges ranging from poor funding, inadequate provision of information
resources, and irregular power supply and so on but they further highlighted some solutions to the challenges.
Based on the findings, the study recommends that the stakeholders should oftentimes conduct a resources
verification exercise on the resources and facilities of the NOUN programme and they should also ensure that the
policy and the vision statement that established the NOUN programme are strictly followed.
A Study on Digitalization in Education Sectorijtsrd
Digitalization could be termed as one of the innovation in the sector of education as it highlights the various activities that lead to the modernization of business model or regarding education sector. The term digitalization refers to the conversion of paper mode or typewritten information text into the digital form, means encoding it into Zeroes and Ones so that Computer can store, process, and transmit such information. In the process of digitalization computer is a device which convert encoded information into readable form so that one can make conclusion from the same. The application of digitalization in the education sector leads to learning environment in the 21st century. It shows all about the replacement of 'old school system' with 'new school system' that boosted digital education. Digitization does not mean just bringing a "Smart School" but to have the development of an efficient learning oriented lectures to be given in the technical manner so as to match with the present scenario. Dr. S. J. Jadhav | Mr. Shyamsingh V. Raghuwanshi "A Study on Digitalization in Education Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Digital Economy and its Impact on Business and Industry , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18667.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/18667/a-study-on-digitalization-in-education-sector/dr-s-j-jadhav
A vast majority of students in computing and related disciplines expect to interact with their systems and computing devices using a graphical user interface. Any other means of interacting with a device is deemed unseemly and is quickly met with frustration and rejection. This can partly be attributed to the fact that most operating systems and the tools that run on these platforms offer a rich “point-and-click” interface in an effort to make their systems user friendly. However, in contrast, when it comes to the study of system and cyber security, a mastery over the console and the command-line interface is imperative. In our experience in teaching most courses on system and cyber security, students seem to have the greatest difficulty in using the console/command-prompt/shell. This issue is further exacerbated since many security and related open source forensics tools are designed to run in a Unix-based environment, typically a shell, and even fewer students are familiar with the UNIX environment and find the entire experience all the more daunting. Even the simple command-prompt, ubiquitous on all Microsoft Windows operating systems, is met with significant disdain by today's students, both at the graduate and undergraduate levels. There are several solutions that have been proposed and designed to alleviate this exact issue in the field of computer programming. Video tool, Dragon Drop Pictorial Programming, Alice and Jpie are various stand-alone tools introduced to ease the inherent challenges in learning a new programming language and environment. To alleviate this situation, in this paper, we propose the first tool of its kind, to the best of our knowledge, which aims to tutor a console application using a graphical interface and adapts to the students' progress. The ultimate aim is to eliminate students' dependence on graphical interfaces and convert her to a power user of a system. Our tool, called Interactive Bash Shell Adaptive Tutoring System (iBaTs), enables students to familiarize themselves with the UNIX environment and the Bash Shell on a Windows operating system. In this work, we discuss the architecture of our tutoring program and demonstrate that our system sports several innovative pedagogical features that makes it a unique, fun, encouraging and adaptive learning environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such effort that aims to address this issue.
This document describes a proposed smart classroom system using a Raspberry Pi. The system has four main modules: 1) A smart projector module that allows faculty to upload and download PowerPoint presentations to control slides without a laptop. 2) A gesture control module using ultrasonic sensors to navigate slides based on hand gestures. 3) An automated student attendance module using fingerprint sensors. 4) A Google voice assistant module to allow verbal internet searches without typing. The goal is to create an affordable, integrated system on a single Raspberry Pi controller to improve classroom teaching quality and efficiency.
Technological development have altered the way we communicate, learn, think, share, and spread information. Mobile technologies are those that make use of wireless technologies to gain some sort of data. As mobile connectedness continues to spread across the world, the value of employing mobile technologies in the arena of learning and teaching seems to be both self-evident and unavoidable The fast deployment of mobile devices and wireless networks in university campuses makes higher education a good environment to integrate learners-centered m-learning. This paper discusses mobile learning technologies that are being used for educational purposes and the effect they have on teaching and learning methods.
Unlocking digital literacy practices of EFL teachersEkoPurwanti1
Digital literacy practice is necessary for education since information and communication technology has developed rapidly, resulting in shifting to the era of digital technology. The digital literacy practices in school and especially in classrooms are required for preparing 21st-century students. This study aims to (1) determine teachers’ perceptions of digital literacy practices in the level of classroom and school, (2) point out the digital literacy practices of English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, and (3) investigate the challenges faced by the EFL teachers in applying digital literacy practices in the classroom. This study revealed the digital literacy practices of thirteen EFL Teachers in Yogyakarta using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results uncovered that digital literacy was highly supported, evidenced by the facility, equipment, and the connectivity provided in all schools with a variety of free internet access. In the classroom level, these teachers practised digital literacy by using some digital tools. In implementing digital literacy, the teachers faced some challenges, such as defective equipment and Internet access and intrinsic factors such as teachers’ knowledge in technology, their attitudes toward digital technology, and students’ commitment to apply digital literacy. These findings are followed by recommendations for schools, teachers, and further research.
Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become commonplace entities in all aspects of life. In the 21st century world is moving rapidly into digital media and information, so the role of ICT in education is very important .Higher education in the country is experiencing a major transformation in terms of access, equity and quality. ICT helps to share availability of best practices and best course material in education. ICT based education causes changes in the educational objectives in the conception of the teaching and learning process. In this regard the paper addresses the integration of ICTs in various aspects of higher education in the present scenario.
Solving The Problem of Adaptive E-Learning By Using Social NetworksEswar Publications
This paper propose an enhanced E-Learning Social Network Exploiting Approach focused around chart model and clustering algorithm, which can consequently gathering dispersed e-learners with comparative premiums and make fitting suggestions, which can at last upgrade the collective learning among comparable e-learners. Through closeness
revelation, trust weights overhaul and potential companions change, the algorithm actualized a programmed adjusted trust association with progressively upgraded fulfillments.
E Learning and Learning Management Systems Advantages, Disadvantages and Sugg...ijtsrd
With the developing technology, different e learning concept has entered our lives. This new education model, which is very different from traditional education administration, has been adopted by the education community and learners. Thanks to this model that provides internet based training, it is possible to receive or give training without the concept of time and space. However, when the issue is a critical area such as education, this new method needs to be discussed and analyzed. First, the concept of e learning and learning management systems in the infrastructure of this new education model should be understood in detail. Determining the software modules that LMSs consisting of internet based software is a guide in this study. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of this new education model were evaluated and presented item by item. At the end of the study, suggestions were given to the individuals or institutions who were educated with e learning model or developed LMS software. Gülleman Erdal | Erdal Erdal "E-Learning and Learning Management Systems: Advantages, Disadvantages and Suggestions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd36911.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/36911/elearning-and-learning-management-systems-advantages-disadvantages-and-suggestions/gülleman-erdal
We are, no doubt, quite habituated with Chalk and Talk method in our class. It is also practiced all over the world. But integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in our teaching-learning process, in our curriculum is an undeniable fact. It is not only the demand of the hour, National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) has made adopting ICT mandatory. Besides, for promotion or direct recruitment in superior position, now teachers need to furnish Academic Performance Indicator (API) that also provides points for the teachers who has integrated ICT in delivering their lectures. Thus embracing ICT not only benefits Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) but also facilitates teachers as well as preparing students for the 21st century and beyond. In today's world access, equity and quality are 3 cardinal principles to promote advancement of learning and higher education. I have divided my presentation in 3 parts-firstly I have given few introductory concepts, next, 7 practical steps to inculcate ICT in your college and thirdly, few important initiatives that have taken by the MHRD through its NMEICT project. In fact, ICT has changed our lives, the way we think, work, read and learn. Some people may think that ICT has changed everything which they may not be able to cope up with but this is not true because nothing has changed. Only the form, formats, storage and delivery mechanism have changed. We have to take our education to the next higher level to make our education globally competing and we have to connect with the world through exchanging our ideas and our resources. ICT has empowered us for better and improved communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity. ICT is change agent. These 4C's can change the higher educational scenario in our country in the years to come.
The purpose of this study is to discuss about utilization of Whatsapp application as discussion media in Blended Learning. This study sought to integrate learning technologies to improve the quality of student's learning. Messenger application is used to communicate synchronously, so it can be positioned as a discussion media. This study focused on Whatsapp capabilities can be utilized to conduct in online learning of Blended Learning. This study aims to describe the discussion media. This study through the literature review that outlines the stages of Blended Learning using Whatsapp application as a discussion media by using qualitative methods. The result shows that Whatsapp application utilization as a discussion media in Blended Learning sessions initiated by offline using conventional methods, so the online session focused on the discussion as indicated by dialogue and interaction among participants.
Application of Information Technology in Advancement of Educationinventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The information technology incorporated in education provides a vision of better quality education facilitated through the adoption and promotion of IT. In education IT is helpful to provide database, to provide students access to digital technologies and internet in and outside the classroom and provides self paced learning through the tools like assignment and evaluation of learners. it also provide quality digital content access to the teachers immediate two way communication between teacher and learner. However, a feedback study was felt to have actual idea of advancement in education due to IT in the small towns like Sitapur. Hence the study was made regarding application of IT in secondary schools by students & teachers of class ix of Sitapur district.
A Pilot Study on Current and Future Trends in E-learning, Distance Learning a...AM Publications,India
Due to tremendous explorations in internet the entire teaching learning methodologies have been changed. In the old days the education system mainly followed the “gurukul” system. Slowly the people shifted from those classical methods and adopted postal coaching in early 70-s. After innovations of internet a further changes have been made in teaching learning process. Now a new concept has come up. Education for all and anywhere and anytime. In the present study the author will make systematic study on new innovative teaching learning methodologies and also its importance in coming days. In the present paper the authors have tried to explore a comparative study among e-learning, distance learning, on-line learning methodologies. The authors have also made a study on how ARM technology can improve the teaching learning methods by reducing the H/W cost
A Literature Survey on Mobile-Learning Management SystemsAM Publications
In today’s digital era, due to development in wireless communication technology, proliferation of electronics gazettes usage especially smartphones is at peak point across the globe. Without smartphone, most of the individuals feel inconvenience in their daily routine India is not an exception for it, today; India has the second-biggest smartphone market in terms of active unique smartphone users, which crossed 220 million users. These innovations and developments in mobile technologies have an impact on education and learning systems which in turn resulted into the potential to develop an education system that enables individuals and groups to learn bypassing the time and place constraints. This paper gives a glimpse on characteristics, elements, security risks, design issues and challenges of mobile learning management system.
Invited Lecture (on 27th Feb 2017) in the Short Term Course on Computer & Digital Education conducted by the UGC-HRDC, University of Calcutta
ICT has brought to us immense possibilities for imparting teaching-learning process without compromising 3 cardinal principles of higher education i.e., access, equity and quality. Accessing to the global open knowledge also led to open innovation and it was made possible only because of global connectivity on ICT platform. Moocs to M-learning attesting the importance and indispensability of ICT to reach the unreached.
Establishment of Educational Network among the Undergraduate with Mobile Appl...Cahit Berkay Kazangirler
Abstract— It is easier and faster for students to learn from knowledgeable students. The speed of information age and evolving educational technology have changed the way of teaching and the level of knowledge acquired during teaching. In this study, we present establishment of educational network among the undergraduate with mobile application. Students will be trained on the mobile application using smart devices which are present in almost every university student today. For this training, firstly the teams will be established and the target group will be reached for the education given by the knowledgeable student. With the mobile application to be prepared, students will be able to enroll in courses that are opened, will be notified about the lessons from the instructors and will be able to access the necessary source documents easily. The application will also be a website at the same time and all the operations performed in the application will also be available on the website.
Educational and Technological Standards of Educational Software Based on Inte...iosrjce
The document discusses establishing educational and technological standards for educational software based on the internet. It presents a literature review on e-learning technologies and their benefits. The researcher used a descriptive analytical method, including expert interviews and a questionnaire, to develop a list of standards. The results section provides the list, which includes 53 educational standard items across 5 areas (general information, content organization, screen design, evaluation, and flexibility) and 39 technological standard items across 3 areas (design, tools, and evaluation). The standards aim to provide guidance for developing high-quality educational software based on internet.
This document provides an overview of e-learning, including definitions, goals and benefits, the e-learning market and industry growth, content and technology issues, and services. E-learning is defined as instruction delivered via digital technologies to remote learners, and has benefits like improved performance, increased access, and flexibility. The global e-learning market is large and growing. Content and technology continue to evolve through approaches like learning objects and new platforms.
Developing a Computer-Assisted Instruction Model for Vocational High Schoolsinventy
This document discusses the development of a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) model for vocational high schools. It begins by outlining challenges in modern learning related to changing perceptions of learning and advances in information technology. The document then reviews relevant learning theories that can support CAI development, including behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development. It also discusses different CAI models and approaches to developing instructional media. The goal of the study is to systematically develop a valid, practical and consistent CAI model for vocational high schools that integrates multiple teaching methods and constructivist learning theory.
THE USE OF CLOUD E-LEARNING PLATFORM TO ENHANCE EFFICIENCY OF HOSPITAL IN JOB...ijcsit
Hospital in order to host multimedia content, licenses and staff in-service education in learning, learning platform to promote construction of the clouds. In this study, quantitative research to explore the building through the clouds to enhance the learning platform with the hospital staff in the benefits of the correlation.
First, literature review to identify the factors that measure the effectiveness of e-learning. Second, using a questionnaire designed to identify factors that enhance the effectiveness of online learning platform and build the relationship between the cloud-learning platforms to identify design strategies. The again, using these factors to design cloud e-learning platform for hospital. Finally, the assessment review of the applicability of the cloud-learning platform.
EXTENT INFORMATION RESOURCES PROVISION OF NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA...AkashSharma618775
This work examined the extent Information resources provision of National Open University of Nigeria
meet the information needs of their students in Southeast Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study.
Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 42,200
NOUN Students from four study centers in southeast out of which 2111 were sampled. Random sampling
technique was used to draw the sample. Instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Its
reliability was established using Cronbach alpha. Data collected was analyzed using arithmetic mean. From the
analysis, given that the various information resources needed by students are to a high extent, more so the
provided information resources by NOUN to its students to meet their information need are to a low extent.
However these were not without challenges ranging from poor funding, inadequate provision of information
resources, and irregular power supply and so on but they further highlighted some solutions to the challenges.
Based on the findings, the study recommends that the stakeholders should oftentimes conduct a resources
verification exercise on the resources and facilities of the NOUN programme and they should also ensure that the
policy and the vision statement that established the NOUN programme are strictly followed.
A Study on Digitalization in Education Sectorijtsrd
Digitalization could be termed as one of the innovation in the sector of education as it highlights the various activities that lead to the modernization of business model or regarding education sector. The term digitalization refers to the conversion of paper mode or typewritten information text into the digital form, means encoding it into Zeroes and Ones so that Computer can store, process, and transmit such information. In the process of digitalization computer is a device which convert encoded information into readable form so that one can make conclusion from the same. The application of digitalization in the education sector leads to learning environment in the 21st century. It shows all about the replacement of 'old school system' with 'new school system' that boosted digital education. Digitization does not mean just bringing a "Smart School" but to have the development of an efficient learning oriented lectures to be given in the technical manner so as to match with the present scenario. Dr. S. J. Jadhav | Mr. Shyamsingh V. Raghuwanshi "A Study on Digitalization in Education Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Digital Economy and its Impact on Business and Industry , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18667.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/18667/a-study-on-digitalization-in-education-sector/dr-s-j-jadhav
A vast majority of students in computing and related disciplines expect to interact with their systems and computing devices using a graphical user interface. Any other means of interacting with a device is deemed unseemly and is quickly met with frustration and rejection. This can partly be attributed to the fact that most operating systems and the tools that run on these platforms offer a rich “point-and-click” interface in an effort to make their systems user friendly. However, in contrast, when it comes to the study of system and cyber security, a mastery over the console and the command-line interface is imperative. In our experience in teaching most courses on system and cyber security, students seem to have the greatest difficulty in using the console/command-prompt/shell. This issue is further exacerbated since many security and related open source forensics tools are designed to run in a Unix-based environment, typically a shell, and even fewer students are familiar with the UNIX environment and find the entire experience all the more daunting. Even the simple command-prompt, ubiquitous on all Microsoft Windows operating systems, is met with significant disdain by today's students, both at the graduate and undergraduate levels. There are several solutions that have been proposed and designed to alleviate this exact issue in the field of computer programming. Video tool, Dragon Drop Pictorial Programming, Alice and Jpie are various stand-alone tools introduced to ease the inherent challenges in learning a new programming language and environment. To alleviate this situation, in this paper, we propose the first tool of its kind, to the best of our knowledge, which aims to tutor a console application using a graphical interface and adapts to the students' progress. The ultimate aim is to eliminate students' dependence on graphical interfaces and convert her to a power user of a system. Our tool, called Interactive Bash Shell Adaptive Tutoring System (iBaTs), enables students to familiarize themselves with the UNIX environment and the Bash Shell on a Windows operating system. In this work, we discuss the architecture of our tutoring program and demonstrate that our system sports several innovative pedagogical features that makes it a unique, fun, encouraging and adaptive learning environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such effort that aims to address this issue.
This document describes a proposed smart classroom system using a Raspberry Pi. The system has four main modules: 1) A smart projector module that allows faculty to upload and download PowerPoint presentations to control slides without a laptop. 2) A gesture control module using ultrasonic sensors to navigate slides based on hand gestures. 3) An automated student attendance module using fingerprint sensors. 4) A Google voice assistant module to allow verbal internet searches without typing. The goal is to create an affordable, integrated system on a single Raspberry Pi controller to improve classroom teaching quality and efficiency.
Technological development have altered the way we communicate, learn, think, share, and spread information. Mobile technologies are those that make use of wireless technologies to gain some sort of data. As mobile connectedness continues to spread across the world, the value of employing mobile technologies in the arena of learning and teaching seems to be both self-evident and unavoidable The fast deployment of mobile devices and wireless networks in university campuses makes higher education a good environment to integrate learners-centered m-learning. This paper discusses mobile learning technologies that are being used for educational purposes and the effect they have on teaching and learning methods.
Technological development have altered the way we communicate, learn, think, share, and spread information. Mobile technologies are those that make use of wireless technologies to gain some sort of data. As mobile connectedness continues to spread across the world, the value of employing mobile technologies in the arena of learning and teaching seems to be both self-evident and unavoidable The fast deployment of mobile devices and wireless networks in university campuses makes higher education a good environment to integrate learners-centered m-learning . this paper discusses mobile learning technologies that are being used for educational purposes and the effect they have on teaching and learning methods.
An analysis of the changing dynamics of education services distribution system due to the entry of IT and how this mechanism could be used as an advantage to promote education
1) The document discusses the use of computers and various technologies in social science education. It outlines how computers can be used for tasks like retrieving information, practicing skills like map reading, and administering tests.
2) Some advantages of computer-assisted instruction are that it allows for individualized learning and rapid access to large amounts of stored information. However, limitations include the high costs of equipment and potential to dehumanize education.
3) Emerging technologies discussed include compact discs for storing large amounts of information, the Internet for communication and research, and video conferencing for remote instruction. While computers show promise, teachers have been slow to integrate them into social studies classrooms.
AN OVERVIEW OF CLOUD COMPUTING FOR E-LEARNING WITH ITS KEY BENEFITSijistjournal
Education is a necessary human virtue and essential for society because it reflects the personality of the human being in our society. The effective way of teaching gives the quality of education and advance learning such as e-learning to the learners and also a high quality of teaching to the tutors. Information Technology (IT) plays a significant role in field of education. Now days, E-learning and M-learning have become very popular trends of the education technology riot. E-Learning is the new tool related to the virtualized distance learning by means of electronic communication mechanisms, specifically the Internet to enhance the traditional learning system. An E-learning system generally needs a lot of software and hardware resources. Today, many educational institutions cannot afford such investments and environments therefore cloud computing is the finest solution. The Cloud Computing environment rises swiftly as a natural platform to provide support to e-Learning systems. Hence, this paper presents the impact on using cloud computing for e-learning which contains an innovative environment resulting from both virtual and personal learning environments. This paper introduces concepts of e-learning and cloud computing infrastructure with their key benefits.
Here in these slides I have included some Digital Educational Programmes. Initiatives of Indian government for school and higher education. The basic purpose of these programmes is to bridge the digital devide and provide access, equity and equality for all.
These programmes are very helpful for teachers and students and some are very helpful for the research scholors, you may visit the programmes via your mobile phone and laptop.
I have prepared these slides for my ppt presentation purpose. I hope these slides would be helpful to you.
Thank You!
Interactive Technologies for Improving Quality of Education to Build Collabor...ijsrd.com
Today with advancement in Information Communication Technology (ICT) the way the education is being delivered is seeing a paradigm shift from boring classroom lectures to interactive applications such as 2-D and 3-D learning content, animations, live videos, response systems, interactive panels, education games, virtual laboratories and collaborative research (data gathering and analysis) etc. Engineering is emerging with more innovative solutions in the field of education and bringing out their innovative products to improve education delivery. The academic institutes which were once hesitant to use such technology are now looking forward to such innovations. They are adopting the new ways as they are realizing the vast benefits of using such methods and technology. The benefits are better comprehensibility, improved learning efficiency of students, and access to vast knowledge resources, geographical reach, quick feedback, accountability and quality research. This paper focuses on how engineering can leverage the latest technology and build a collaborative learning environment which can then be integrated with the national e-learning grid.
The document discusses m-learning (mobile learning) in education. It proposes a mobile application that allows students to learn subjects through their mobile devices by downloading educational materials uploaded by faculty. Students can take online tests and view results. They can also engage in individual or group chats with other students and faculty. All user data and materials are stored in the cloud to allow remote access. The system aims to enable collaborative and peer-reviewed learning outside the classroom through mobile devices. It was found to improve students' theoretical understanding compared to traditional methods. Security of transmitted data is ensured through encryption methods.
Internet, Meaning, Concept, Types and uses of internet in education.pptxSiddarajuSiddu4
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use TCP/IP to serve billions of users worldwide. It originated from research networks developed by ARPA in the 1960s and was commercialized in the 1990s with the introduction of the World Wide Web. The Internet allows computers anywhere in the world to connect and exchange information through wired and wireless technologies. It has transformed education by providing access to online resources, remote learning platforms, and digital tools that enhance teaching and learning.
Adoption of Digital Learning Technology: An Empirical Analysis of the Determi...IJAEMSJORNAL
Technology has advanced significantly from the analogue period to the digital era. Digital Learning Technology (DLT) is a learning paradigm based on the use of ubiquitous latest technologies, by using smart devices. It can be described as a learning environment that is assisted in daily life by wireless networks, mobile, and embedded computers. It aims to offer content and interaction to students wherever they are, at any time. The learning process has advanced thanks to the technology revolution, which has also fundamentally altered how knowledge is shared and learned. At present, there exist other frameworks too, but they are centered towards different paradigms, and point of view pertaining to DLT with its emphasis on Telecommunication Sector has not been taken into consideration. As, existing frameworks are centered towards different environments hence there exists a need to add dimensions of Empowered Learner, Digital Citizen, Knowledge Curator, Innovative Designer, Computational Thinker and Creator, Communicator & Global Collaborator. These have not been integrated together in existing available research. The study will ascertain level of knowledge of DLT and examined factors which affect the adoption rate, use, and role of DLT in telecoms setups. The results of this research will help create a framework that, if used in any academic or learning setting in a technology-based firm.
The document provides a guide for developing a successful educational technology (ed-tech) platform. It discusses key aspects of ed-tech platforms including understanding the ed-tech market, the importance of technology in modern education, features of successful ed-tech platforms, technology stacks for development, security considerations, and the development process. The ed-tech market is growing significantly and projected to reach $288 billion by 2031. Successful ed-tech platforms provide features like intuitive interfaces, course catalogs, personalized learning, and analytics to track student progress. The development process involves ideation, design, development, testing, and deployment with a focus on creating an MVP to test viability before a full platform.
The memo recommends three ways for the Computown Public School System to bridge the digital divide:
1. Build an adequate technology infrastructure with hardware, networking, and internet connectivity using free or low-cost resources.
2. Take advantage of free online educational resources like email accounts, web hosting, and course management tools to boost communications and classroom efficiency.
3. Enable administrators, teachers, students, and parents to utilize the new technology and ensure continual learning through hierarchical leadership and support from agencies that provide technology education.
The document discusses the design and implementation of a virtual learning system using webinars. It begins with an introduction on virtual e-learning and how webinars can help provide online instruction. It then discusses some key advantages of e-learning and webinars, such as encouraging self-directed learning. The document also reviews previous literature on webinars and their effectiveness as a teaching tool. Finally, it outlines the objectives, significance and limitations of developing a webinar-based virtual learning system.
The document discusses the importance and uses of information and communication technology (ICT) for effective teaching. It outlines key technological trends transforming communication like the internet, email, and social media. The document also explains how teachers can use ICT tools and skills to enhance their instruction, conduct assessments, and engage in continuous professional development.
This document proposes a low-cost laptop for education using Raspberry Pi as the single board computer. Key features include physical computing capabilities to improve students' programming abilities and creativity. It discusses using Raspberry Pi to design an affordable laptop that can perform office tasks and programming. The laptop aims to provide students an easy way to learn programming, physical computing, and gain experience with emerging technologies in a cost-effective manner. It also reviews related devices like BBC micro:bit and Pi-Top that offer physical computing but are more expensive. The proposed laptop design uses a Raspberry Pi for its processing power, connectivity and low manufacturing cost to make it affordable for schools and students.
Enriching E-Learning with web Services for the Creation of Virtual Learning P...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The study aims at creation of virtual learning environment(VLE) using the context of web services .Now-a-days eLearning is gaining a wide spread acceptance since its inception. Much of the effort is placed on developing rich educational content & create global platform in which Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are used to transform education. Therefore education system need to be redesigned in a better way for which amalgamation of web services with eLearning is considered to solve the complex problems. The author tries to describe the web services architecture with the incorporation of eLearning that has defined a new way of learning. With the emergence of computer technology and urbane softwares, there is every possibility of enriching learning experience of students. Gamification, StoryBoard, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), Localization are considered as supporting services for boosting up knowledge management process. Group Discussions, Twitter chats, Skype calls are performed in social learning. Web 2.0 services such as as blogs promote content creation, wikis make user enable of creating editable contents.
Empowerment Technologies, ET, Live C. Angga, Malungon NHS, Empowerment Technology, Senior High School, SHS, Department of Education, SHS, ET Student LM, Learning Materials for ET students
Here are some questions to consider when reflecting on online safety, security, ethics and etiquette:
- How much time do you spend using digital media each day? What do you use it for - communication, entertainment, schoolwork, etc.?
- What information do you share online? Photos, personal details, location? How publicly available is this information?
- Do you think about who might see what you post and how they could interpret it? Could anything you post now affect your future?
- Have you ever encountered inappropriate, bullying or unsafe behavior online? How did you respond in a safe and ethical way?
- Do you know how to strengthen passwords and update security/privacy settings on your devices and
Scope of Integration Technology Enabled Learning In Academic Programmefaizan faizan
Scope of Integration Technology Enabled Learning In Academic Programme a PhD seminar presented by Faizan Ulhaq Faizan in Agricultural Extension Division at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi India
2. 2 |
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Summer Training Project Report entitled “Dhron-Pi Open Source Education System” submitted by Group no. 9
[HimanshuAttri 27, Karandeep Singh 29,GandharavHira 23,Pratik Rana 40] is an authentic work carried out by them at Indira Gandhi
Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi under my guidance during STP7 in 2016. The matter embodied in this project work has not
been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Signature of the Guide
Dr. S.R.N Reddy
(Head of Department,
Department of Computer
Sciences)
Signature of the Students:-
HimanshuAttri
Karandeep Singh
GandharavHira
Pratik Rana
3. 3 |
Index
Section 1: Introduction to Project
1.1 Abstract
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Thesis Objective and Scope
1.4 Applications of System
Section 2: Literature Review
2.1 Existing systems
2.2 Review of proposed technologies
Section 3:Selection of system, technologies and development platform
3.1 Selection of embedded system
3.2 Selection of technologies
3.2 Selection of Software Development tools
Section 4: Design of the system
4.1 Introduction to design
4.2 Design Methodology
4.3 Architecture of system
4.3.1 Software architecture
4.3.2 Hardware architecture
4.4 Requirements
Section5: Implementation
5.1 Implementation
5
5
5
6
7
8
8
9
12
12
13
15
16
16
17
18
18
20
22
23
23
4. 4 |
5.2 Hardware 24
5.3 Software 25
5.4 System Software Design Overview 27
Section6: Testing and Analysis 30
6.1 Testing 30
6.2 Analysis 32
6.3 Test Case 0 (Session on 11th
July 2016, IGDTU) 33
Section 7: Conclusion 33
5. 5 |
1.1 Abstract
An unknown keyword, to technical descriptions of a machine, to places we want to visit or a
subject we wish to learn, every search required the internet to fill in the gaps of knowledge
we may having. Several search engines, applications and offline CD try and bridge this gap of
information that individuals may be possessing. However those that offer complete
information of wide variety of topics generally require a steady internet connection or
massive storages on the other hand offline CD DVD and modules are limited by their list of
topics and at times to don’t cover the scope of topics the user may require.
Thus to come up with a cost effective , portable solution with a wide range of integrated
topics in a user friendly and easy to understand as well as browse is the current need. Our
Dhronacharya Open Source Education System on board a Raspberry Pie Model 3, nicknamed
Dhron-Pi meets each of these demands, today.
With more than 70% or schools through India having no form computer architecture let
alone a consistent Internet connection, Dhron Pi would provide the means to deliver trusted
set of information to students as well as teachers.
Dhron-Pi serves as an access point; data hub and server to its clients thus single headily
provide text, images and videos to the user through either a local host directly through the
users’ browser or with the aid of an interactive Graphical User Interface on board the
Dhron-Pi as well as associated PC nodes.
1.2 Problem Statement
“The lack of Internet should not mean the lack of knowledge”
In the age of Information, students are still limited by books to provide insight to topics, at
times going beyond its scope or not being able to pictorial and graphically represent data in
the easiest way possible. Moreover the declining state of Technologies provided in Indian
government schools is making a computer and the internet look like a perplexed means of
information. The following statistics will provide an insight to the current status of computer
based learning in Indian Government schools.
Even with the Right to Education (RTE) act in place the nations average of only 22.18% [1]
internet enabled computers in schools, the governments is clearly unable to provide the up
to date knowledge that the internet has to offer. Some of the states including Bengaluru
with only 30% internet connected machines, Karnataka at 28%, Tamil Nadu at 78%[1][2]and
Andhra Pradesh at 33% internet-networked machines add to this decline. From Central
square Foundation research of Indian government schools it was also concluded that
between 45% -50% schools [3] lack the necessary hardware to keep computer labs
operational
6. 6 |
Further analysis of the Central square foundation research showed that unlike PCs, mobile
phones used for educational purposes have greater penetration of more than 86% in the
Indian government school system [3].
And so in order to efficiently exploit these mobile devices, Dhron-Pi if provided can be used
as a standalone device that cover most of the educational resource solution that the schools
would like to offer in a highly cost effective and optimum manner.
1.3 Thesis Objective and Scope
The theme of this project is to deliver offline resource solutions to users on General and
Specific topics ranging from Medicine, Architecture, Learning tutorials, Engineering, History
and much more.
We aim at utilizing cross platform resources to deliver information to the user irrespective
of the mobile device user has , however a smartphone with Wi-Fi and browser capabilities is
a minimum requirement in case of more than one user for the Dhron-Pi system. The cross
platform resources used as briefly discussed as follows:
Wireless Access Point (AP) on broad Dhron-Pi provides connectivity to any
device with a Wi-fi adapter to gain access to information provided by the
system. AP starts as soon as Dhron-Pi boots.
Using Web portals than can be access through any web browser provides a
generic means to view the information queried by the user.
The use of python based Graphical User Interface provides an interactive
cross platform means to access portals on board the Dhron-Pi, thus
enhancing user experience. Also used to display real-time information such
as temperature and humidity of surroundings
Data in the form of ZIM (Zeno IMproved) file formats which are easy to
understand and implement, highly compressed using Differential
compression provide an effective way of drastically reducing storage space
and increase portability of information.
With the aforementioned technologies and other discussed in further chapter, the need to
use Internet connections and data packs inorder to obtain information educational topics
will be drastically reduced. Thereby helping users specially students, connected to Dhron-Pi
in order get additional information and complete or create new assignments, obtain access
to research and current developments in a variety of field as well as finding new avenues
and projects .
Dhron-Pi users can find self-lecture, learning tutorial and informational text as well as
images in remote locations where the internet is not present. Thus enabling them to
7. 7 |
increase their classroom experience without being limited to the scope books and reading
materials, currently available.
1.4 Applications of System
Dhron-Pi open source education system is a standalone umbrella project for relaying a wide
array of information comprised of contents from Wikipedia, TED Talks, Offline (complete )
access to NCERT books, Medical Research and resource material, Wiktionary etc.
It is designed specifically to deliver pure educational contest in the simplest, quickest and
internet-free way possible. Wireless access point on board Dhron-Picoupled with mobile
devices (if available ) or PC’s with wireless adapters can be promptly used by clients to view
content on present on the system. The Dynamic file sharing system accessed via web
browsers allocates new portals for updated or newly added information to the Dhron-Pi.
ZIM files for any document or folder can be created and easy added to the Dhron-Pi by the
teacher or the developer in order to reconfigure the education system according to their
needs. Further applications are discussed in the subsequent sections.
8. 8 |
2. Literature Review
This section includes the current knowledge on various education systems, policies and
projects currently within the country including substantive findings, as well as theoretical
and methodological contributions. It contains secondary sources only.
2.1 Existing systems
Indian cases study on projects and policies related to providing educational content in some
form or the other.
1. Pratham:
A joint venture between UNICEF and the Municipal Corporation of Mumbai runs
multiple programs to supplement school education, such as learning support classes,
libraries and additional learning resources. A hallmark of these initiatives is that Pratham
engages volunteers from local communities and trains them to run these programs.
An “Annual Status of Education report “ Facilitated by Pratham stated that between the
4 years (2010-2014) the national average of schools(15206 surveyed) with computers
has grown only from 15.8% to 19.6%, which indeed is a sad fact given the Rs.68,728
crore government budget that went into improving school facilities that year.[2.1]
2. Free Laptop Distribution scheme:
An initiative of the Government of UP headed by Akhilesh Singh Yadav of Samajwadi Party
to provide free laptops and computer tablets to the students in the state who pass the
high school and intermediate examinations to encourage them for higher studies. A total
of 15 Lakh laptops have been distributed by the Government of Uttar Pradesh between
2012-2015.Configuration of Laptops:
S.No. Particulars Description
1. Processor and
memory
64 bit multicore X86 Intel Pentium with 2 GB DDR 1333
MHz RAM
2. Display LED HD 14" with 1366x768 resolution or higher
3. Wireless 500 GB SATA 5400 RPM or Higher
4. Operating System Wireless 802.11 q/b/g or higher and standard Bluetooth
5. Standard Accessories Preloaded Dual Boot - Primary boot : Windows 7 Starter
with Antivirus, Secondary Boot : Linux/Ubuntu
6. Battery Type Keyboard, Power Cable, Power Adapter and Charger, User
Manual, Backpack etc
9. 9 |
Demerits of Laptop distribution scheme-
Its limitation to secondary school students i.e. the students of class 11-12th only, not
for students of primary section.
The scheme is only implemented in the state of Uttar Pradesh, where still not all the
districts were covered a large section of students have still not been affected by this
scheme.
Large expense has been accounted by the government.
The Processors and Configuration of the laptops are outdated and no internet access is
provided to the user for real time access.
Education content is not supplied.
There are several other projects and policies implemented in India however the main issue
common in each project is that, the resource material supplied to students is either not
there, is outdates, isn’t inter active enough to ensure long times and bound by some
storage or content availability scope. Dhron-Pi however, as mentioned in the next sections
addresses these problems and tackles them head on, created an independent open source
education system without the need and added costs of data packs and steady internet
connections.
2.2 Review of proposed technologies
Table 2.1
Criteria Embedded system (Single-board computer, Controller etc.)
Raspberry Pi 3 Intel Galileo Gen 2 BeagleBone PandaBoard ES
SoC Broadcom BCM2837 Intel Quark SoC
X1000
TI Sitara
AM335x
TI OMAP4460
CPU
architecture
ARM Cortex-A53 x4
1.2 GHz
x86 Quark
400 MHz
ARM Cortex-
A8720 MHz
ARM Cortex-A9 x2
1.2 GHz
GPU Broadcom
VideoCore IV
N/A PowerVR
SGX530
PowerVR SGX540
RAM 1 GBLPDDR2 256 MB DDR3 256 MB DDR2 1 GB LPDDR2
Storage microSD 8 MB Flash + 8 KB
EEPROM + SD
4 GB Flash +
microSD
SDHC
Networking Internal Bluetooth
and Wi-Fi +Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet Internal Bluetooth
and Wi-Fi +Ethernet
Cost $35 $116 $67 $182
10. 10 |
Table 2.1 clearly states the superiority of Raspberry Pie Model 3 over its rivals: Intel Galileo
Gen 2, BeagleBone, PandaBoard ES. Pi is the most cost effective, higher in terms of
processor power, Random access memory and on board storage (up to 256 GB- depending
on the micro SD). Making it best suited for Dhron-Pi as its core single board computing
architecture.
Criteria Temperature and Humidity Sensor Model
AM2302 / DHT22 DHT11 SHT71
Range 0-100% 20-90% 0-100%
Absolute accuracy ±2% ±5%
±3% (20<RH<80)
±5% (RH<20, RH>80)
Repeatability ±1% ±1% ±0.1%
Long term stability ±0.5% per year ±1% per year <0.5% per year
Typical street price US$ 4-10 US$ 1-5 US$ 30-50
Table 2.2
Table 2.2 depicts the comparison between different temperatures and humidity sensors
but due to our simple need for monitoring surrounding environment possible a classroom or
a small hall, it can concluded that the most cost effective yet adequately accurate sensor be
used for monitoring surrounding temperatures and moisture levels. Thus Adafruit’s DHT11
Temperature and Humidity Sensor was selected for the task.
Programming Platform
11. 11 |
It is clear from the above figure that PHP an advantage over other languages when it comes
to run time and need to develop web pages and create dynamic web portals. However
python which is the most easy to use, has lesser lines of code for same program compared
to Ruby and PHP giving us an advantage in productivity and code readability. Thus the
programming to create web portals for Dhron-Pi would be done using PHP coupled with
HTML and CSS however due its wide and diverse range of libraries, python would be
coupled with Tkinter to do the necessary development for Graphic User Interface.
Tkinter was used for GUI programming as It’s in the standard library ,It’s easy to use and It’s
reasonably lightweight.
12. 12 |
3. Selection of system, technologies and development platform
There are several technologies used for Dhron-Pi open source offline education system.
Different system on chips, software programs, Temperature/Humidity sensors and WI-FI
adapters are available in the market however we had to select one among this wide range
of components which appropriately suits the design and helps in achieving the goals and
objectives set for this project. This chapter gives details about the technologies and
software programmers and hardware components available in the market and explains
about the selected ones.
3.1 Selection of embedded system
In section 2.2 the choice of Raspberry Pie over its rival embedded system has been well
established, however a detailed comparison is necessary for the proper selection of what
will for the core of Dhron-Pi.
Criteria Embedded system
Raspberry Pie 3 Raspberry Pie 2 Raspberry Pie
Processor
Chipset
Broadcom BCM2837 64Bit
Quad Core Processor
powered Single Board
Computer running at
1.2GHz
Broadcom BCM2836 32Bit
Quad Core Processor
powered Single Board
Computer running at
900MHz
Broadcom BCM2835
32Bit SoC full HD
multimedia
applications processor
GPU Videocore IV Videocore IV Videocore IV
Processor
Speed
QUAD Core @1.2 GHz QUAD Core @900 MHz Single Core @700 MHz
RAM 1GB SDRAM @ 400 MHz 1GB SDRAM @ 400 MHz 512 MB SDRAM @ 400
MHz
Storage MicroSD MicroSD MicroSD
USB 2.0 4x USB Ports 4x USB Ports 4x USB Ports
Max Power
Draw/voltage
2.5A @ 5V 1.8A @ 5V 1.8A @ 5V
GPIO 40 pin 40 pin 40 pin
Ethernet Port Yes Yes Yes
WiFi Built in No No
Bluetooth LE Built in No No
Table 3.1
From a pure specs standpoint, the Raspberry Pi 3 benefits from a boost of processor
speedupping the Pi 2's 900MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 CPU to a 1.2GHz quad-core ARM
v8. Compare this to the Pi B+'s single-core 700 MHz ARM v6 the Pi 3 is a powerful pocket-
sized computer.In terms of pure performance, Pi 3 is around 65% quicker than the Pi 2.
While its increase in power may only be marginal, the new processor is actually more
power-efficient. While the Pi 2 always ran at a steady 900MHz, the Pi 3 drops down to
600MHz when idle, meaning it draws far less power – ideal if you plan to run your Pi via a
battery.
13. 13 |
The rest of the Pi 3's specs remain the same as the Pi 2 (1GB of RAM, 4 USB 2 ports,
100Mbits/sec Ethernet port, HDMI, 3.5mm audio jack and microSD slot).Most importantly it
does feature a Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4. The internal Wi-Fi would prove extremely handy when
Pie is converted in to a Wireless Access Point
The Raspberry Pi 3's Wi-Fi chip is also reasonably impressive for a device without a separate
antenna. The Pi 3 achieved data-transfer speeds of 12Mbits/sec, compared with
26Mbits/sec from an 802.11n laptop when positioned 10 metres away from the router.
When moved to within a metre of the router, speedswill rise to 19Mbits/sec on the Pi 3 as
compared to 84Mbits/sec on the laptop.
3.2 Selection of technologies
3.2.1 Web server
Apache 2 Server
Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the
auspices of the Apache Software Foundation. Most commonly used on a Unix-like system
(usually Linux), the software is available for a wide variety of operating systems besides
Unix, including eComStation, Microsoft Windows, NetWare, OpenVMS, OS/2, and TPF.
Released under the Apache License, Apache is free and open-source software.
• Loadable Dynamic Modules
• Highly scalable (easily handles more than 10,000 simultaneous connections)
• Handling of static files, index files, auto-indexing and content negotiation
• Name- and IP address-based virtual servers
• IPv6-compatible
• HTTP/2 protocol support
• Fine-grained authentication and authorization access control
• gzip compression and decompression
• URL rewriting
• Headers and content rewriting
• Bandwidth throttling
• User and Session tracking[23]
• Embedded Perl, PHP and Lua scripting
• Real-time status views
• XML support
14. 14 |
3.2.2 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a
capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a
digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). Its fairly simple to use, but
requires careful timing to grab data. The only real downside of this sensor is you can only
get new data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using our library, sensor readings can
be up to 2 seconds old.
• Low cost ($ 1-5 )
• 3 to 5V power and I/O
• 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)
• Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy
• Good for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C accuracy
• No more than 1 Hz sampling rate (once every second)
• Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm
• 4 pins with 0.1" spacing
3.2.3 SanDisk Ultra 128GB class 10 SD card
As storage of offline education content will play an integral role in Dhron –Pi, selection of
the right storage device is necessary. This class 10 card with UHS speed class 1 rating has a
read and write speed of 275 Mb per second- not only does this allow users to open apps
faster and smoother, multitask with apps easily. The high transfer rate makes it easy to
transfer documents between devices- the card being able to offload an hour long full HD
video in about 5 minutes or 100 high resolution photos in 1 minute.
• THE WORLD’S FASTEST TRANSFER SPEEDS OF UP TO 275MB/S
Clocking in at up to Up to 275MB/s read; up to 100MB/s write, the SanDisk
Extreme PRO microSDXC UHS-II Card delivers the fastest transfer speeds
• DURABLE DESIGN FOR USE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
SanDisk Extreme PRO microSDXC UHS-II Cards are shockproof, temperature-
proof, waterproof, and X-ray-proof4
15. 15 |
3.3Selection of Software Development tools
PHP +HTML5+ CSS for Web development
PHP, or Hypertext Preprocessor, is a server-side open source scripting language that is used
to help improve and facilitate web development.
1. It is easy: PHP is adopted among web developers because it is easy to read and
understand. PHP syntax is based off of both C and Perl, and can be easily parsed, so
having experience with those two languages should make development even easier.
2. It gives you maximum control: PHP provides more control over websites than any
other programing language. Other languages require long tedious scripts, whereas
PHP lets you complete the same functions with just a few lines of code. PHP works
well with other languages and services such as HTML, CSS, as well as various
databases.
3. Its cost efficient: Another reason PHP benefit’s web developers is that it is 100%
free. There is no need for expensive software or the need to purchase licenses. PHP
works out of the box with Apache, PostgreSQL, and MySQL databases. There is a
very minimal cost threshold to build a successful site.
HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World
Wide Web. It is the fifth and current version of the HTML standard. It was published in
October 2014 by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to improve the language with
support for the latest multimedia, while keeping it both easily readable by humans and
consistently understood by computers and devices such as web browsers, parsers, etc.
Tkinter Python GUI interface
The tkinter package (“Tk interface”) is the standard Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit.
Both Tk and tkinter are available on most Unix platforms, as well as on Windows systems.
(Tk itself is not part of Python; it is maintained at ActiveState.) You can check that tkinter is
properly installed on your system by running python -m tkinter from the command line; this
should open a window demonstrating a simple Tkinterface.Dhron-Pi Python GUI is
designedd in tkinter platform.
16. 16 |
4. Design of the system
This sections deals with the synergic design of software, hardware and content
dependencies used in the Dhron-Pi operating system. The cost affected embedded platform
of Raspberry Pie which has been reconfigured to cater the needs of users through a cross
platform web- network system coupled with a graphic user interface on the Pi itself. The
modes of connectivity namely Wireless access point and Ethernet mode increase system
flexibility irrespective of a wired to unwired architecture which may be available.
4.1 Introduction to design
Embedded systems have been around for more than a few decades now, however to
carefully select and create an independent standalone system purely as an Education
resource solution required a combination on the top-to-down approach and a bottom-to-up
approach during system design.
Key Features:
1. The homogenous design of several inbuilt components within the Raspberry Pi 3
including Ethernet port, 802.11n Wireless LAN, 1.2GHz quad core ARM CPU coupled
with a credit card size and low cost compared to its general purpose counter parts
make it the perfect fit for subsequent designs and subsystem integrations.
2. Dhron-Pi’s ability to separate its dependencies on variety of contents from the on
board utilities such as web portal and Graphic User Interface software increases its
flexibility by automatically adding content to these utilities whenever new
informational content is added to the Pi.
3. Furthermore with the aid of Apache server application IP- based and Port-based local
hosting is done to deliver contents from the Dhron-Pi to its users via Web Browsers.
17. 17 |
Design Cycle used for Dependencies, content selection and GUI design
4.2 Design Methodology
Building an education system and providing the necessary information require not only
careful planning and research but also user inclusion and to understand as well as cater the
needs of a vivid group of individuals.
Advantages
Bottom –To –Up Approach Top –To –Down Approach
1. Efficient for Product Concept Design
cycle which are heavily experimental
Maximize savings by thoroughly
planning budgets at the beginning
2. Best Approach for User Inclusion
where there is a need for everyone’s
voice to be heard
Eases complex projects by breaking
down a project’s goals into smaller and
more easily solvable problems.
3. System by system assembly ensures
maximum flexibility for new incoming
designs.
Planning produces long lasting
cohesion of inter disciplinary sub-
projects that may be used.
Cycle used for major software and complete hardware architecture design
18. 18 |
Software architecture of Dhron-Pi Open source Education system
From the above comparative study the designs concluded to go with a blended approach of
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approach. In order to reach a sound architectural design most of
software and hardware system architectures were designed using a Top-down Approach.
This enables us to create Dhron-Pi in a cost-effective a concise, standalone system to
provide open source educational content to its users.
However during selection of contents other than the main dependencies that being
Wikipedia’s offline content, the designers used a Bottom-Up approach for gathering the
necessary content and selecting the suitable portals of information.
The Graphic User Interface Design was also done using a Bottom-Up approach with
maximum detailing given to enhance user experience while accessing browsers and making
Dhron-Pi a more interacting system for students.
4.3 Architecture of system
1. Software Architecture
19. 19 |
The diagram shows the processes that follow after the Raspberry Pie is booted to the point
where Dhron-Pi system is active and ready to be utilised by the user. The Wireless Access
point and will display a device named “Dhron-Pi” on any mobile device that wishes to
connect with the system.
Followed up a local host setup by the Apache services providing an IP address for the web
portal through which the education information will reach the user.Each portal has its
respective sub-directories containing the necessary information required by it. For example
Android Learning portal in the browser access the necessary video files present in the
‘Dhron-pi/apache2/www/android’ sub-directory when viewed through the local host.
The Graphic User Interface acts as interface between the user and the individual web
portals coupled with the temperature and humidity sensors to display real time information
about the environment through the Dhron-Pi GUI.
Apache IP-based Virtual Host
IP-based virtual hosting is a method to apply different directives based on the IP address
and port a request is received on. Most commonly, this is used to serve different websites
on different ports or interfaces. In many cases, name-based virtual hosts are more
convenient, because they allow many virtual hosts to share a single address/port. See
Name-based vs. IP-based Virtual Hosts to help you decide.
In Dhron-Pi we used this kind of apache server and edited our apache.conf to root at
/home/dhron-pi/web. All php files and local data resides here.
Kiwix
Kiwix is a free and open-source offline web browser created by Emmanuel Engelhart and
Renaud Gaudin in 2007. It was first launched to allow offline access to Wikipedia, but has
since expanded to include other projects from the Wikimedia foundation as well as public
domain texts from the Project Gutenberg. Available in more than 100 languages, Kiwix has
been included in several high-profile projects, from smuggling operations in North Korea to
Google Impact Challenge's recipient Libraries Without Borders.
In Dhron-Pi we compiled kiwix binary files to make them work at ARM based raspberry pi.
Advantage with using kiwix to read zim files is that it do not extract the full content but only
a particular page is fetched.
20. 20 |
Hardware layout of Dhron-Pi
2. Hardware and User-Access layout
Main components of Dhron-Pi:
Raspberry Pie 3
o Internal 802.11n Wireless Adapter
o Ethernet Port
128 GB SD card Storage
Adafruit DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
5V Power Supply
HDMI Screen Display
21. 21 |
Raspberry Pie 3 with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex and 1 GB 900MHz RAM is the
heart of this system. The detailed analysis of the choice has been done in Chapter 2. The
credit-card sized board provided sufficient processing power coupled with its inbuilt Wi-Fi
adapter and Ethernet ports. With the need of just a 5V power supply Dhron-pi configured on
the Pie 3 model can run even with a simple smartphone charger. The 40 General purpose
input-output (GPIO) connectors provided are used for DHT11 sensors and provide scope for
future enhancements of the project, discussed in the last section.
Dhron-Pi can be divided into two operating modes: Wired and Unwired. During Unwired
connectivity localhost server are sent via inbuilt wireless adapter present in the Raspberry Pi
3 making it suitable to connect with smartphones and PCs with wireless adapter in order to
connect with the Dhron-Pi access Point. However during Wired Ethernet Mode, the pie is
connected through the Ethernet port on the same network as its slave user displays and
information is relayed on this network.
The SD slot on board the Pi 3 is accommodated with a 128GB SD storage in order to provide
add the necessary OS along with all the software requirements as well as offline resource
material (compressed or uncompressed ) for the Dhron-Pi system.
The Adafruit DH11 Temperature and Humidity sensor connected with the GPIO pins (VCC:
Pin No. 2, GROUND to Pin No. 39 and DATA to Pin No. 7) provides real time environmental
information through the GUI on board the Dhron-Pi operating system. Dhron Pi is also
connected with a dedicated LCD HDMI 7inch display to provide visual access to developers
and teacher in order to add informational content or reconfigure the Pi per their needs or
directly display information from the Dhron-Pi. The user may access content through any
Wi-Fi enabled smartphone or an PC on the same network as Dhron-Pi.
22. 22 |
4.4 Requirements
The resource material selected for the Dhron-Pi education system is open source and as
follows:
Other Requirements include a Reader for compressed .zim content and from section two it
was inferred that Kiwix is the best choice in terms of usability, search and query handling,
launching and running etc. Dhron-Pi also uses Apache 2 which is the most commonly used
Web server on Linux systems.Compression methods on Apache include the external
extension module, mod_gzip help with reduction of the size of Web pages served over
HTTP. The other feature used is Virtual hosting which allows one Apache installation to
serve many different Web sites. For example, one machine with one Apache installation
could simultaneously serve www.example.com
Wikipedia: The offline version of an encyclopaedia with over 5 million articles,
giving u the summation of the entire human knowledge, on the go.
Ted Talks: Short, powerful talks (18 minutes or less) covering almost all topics —
from science to business to global issues — in more than 100 languages.
NCERT Books: National Council of Educational Research and Training material on
all subjects for class 6
th
to 12
th
in coloured PDF version
Wikispecies: The free species directory. It covers Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Bacteria,
Archaea, Protista and all other forms of life. So far it has 480,226 articles.
Wikibooks: Bringing education to humanity at reduced costs with top-quality
learning materials. It containsPrintable PDF versions on any subject for various
authors.
Android Tutorial Classroom: Tutorial will teach you basic Android programming
taking you through some advance concepts related to Android application
development
Wikitionary: Multilingual project to create a free content dictionary of all words in
all languages. It is available in 172 languages and in Simple English.
Vikidia for kids: Vikidia is an encyclopaedia written for 8 to 13-year-old children
and anyone seeking easy-to-read content on a subject.
23. 23 |
5. Implementation
This section covers the process to integrate the hardware components with their software
architectures and finally execute the delivery of services to the user. The process followed is
stated as per the following:
Process PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Determine system
changes required
Determine and record the required changes to system
Ensure that documentary evidence exists to support
changes and evaluate changes required
Complete all documentation required in accordance with
maintenance methodologies
Obtain technical data from reliable sources and request
other resources that may be required to complete the
changes
Carry out system
changes
Plan the procedure to effect intended changes
Confer with colleagues involved in the proposed changes
and agree a mutually acceptable timeline and method of
implementation
Copy initialisation or configuration files prior to
implementation
Create a roll-back path in the event of failure
Ensure that changes required in software are made
according to project or organisational guidelines
Test and verify that the changes have been made according
to implementation guides and organisational standards
Present changes
(Operation )
Demonstrate changes to a team of developers and explain
the impact of these changes
Work towards making these changes acceptable if changes
are rejected, or making further modifications if required
Update documentation and repositories in accordance with
standards and update modifications made to the change
management system
The top to down design approach (as mentioned in section 4.2) was followed to complete
the above mentioned processes and achieve synergy between hardware, software and
dependencies creating a standalone education system.
24. 24 |
5.2 Hardware
The designers begun by loading a class 10 128 GB SD card with preloaded OS (Ubuntu Mate
16 used) into the SD card slot on the Raspberry Pi, which will only fit one way.Next, USB
keyboard and mouse were inserted into the USB slots on the Raspberry Pi. Then connect
HDMI cable from the Raspberry Pi was connected to the 7inch LCD display monitor.
Followed by powering it up with a USB Micro power supply (like most standard mobile
phone chargers) of at least 2A and 5Voutput.This will initiate system boot and after install
the OS and fulfilling all initial start-up subroutines (done only once) the Pi is full on and
functional.
The Wireless internal adapter as well as ether net ports were then verified for simple
network access (any LAN or once time net connection would do the job) before they are
configure as Wireless Aps (section 5.2). Finally the Adafruit DHT11 Temperature and
Humidity sensors was integrated to the raspberry Pi (Data Pin at GPOI4) and tested with a
standard temperature reading python program for proper functioning.
Umbrella Project Integration of different Hardware and software components
25. 25 |
5.2Software
The Raspberry Pie required specific yet detailed changes in its software to serve as an access
point, hub of all the on-board information stored in way that it is accessible to several users
simultaneously, deliver this information through the access point to tethered devices and
finally present the information in a cross –platform easily accessible user-friendly manner.
To achieve this several configurations were changes in the Operation system (we used
Ubuntu Mate 16.0), PHP and python files for web portals and GUIs we deployed
furthermore informational contented for gather and stored at one common directory on
board the Dhron-Pi. Finally creating a standalone system that smartphones and other
devices can connect and retrieve information from, explained in the next sub-sections.
1. Flowchart for Setup of Information Delivery
26. 26 |
The first step was to reconfigure the Pi’s on board Wireless Adapter to act as an Access
Point (AP) where multiple devices can connect to and retrieve information simultaneously.
Hostapd (Host access point daemon) as well asDnsmasq were used to make the normal
network interface cards into access points and authentication servers and to support virtual
networking in virtualisation frameworks respectively. These changes were finally made
permanent by saving through ip tables, thus creating an AP named “Dhron-Pi”. Complete
procedure is given in reference [5.2.1].
The second step was adding the required directory to the apache’s (Apache 2) server in
order to provide the location of the content being delivered to the user through the web
browser using the access point. Web servers are used to serve Web pages requested by
client computers. Clients typically request and view Web pages using Web browser
applications such as Firefox, Opera, Chromium, or Internet Explorer. The required
directories were added to the localhost’s apache2.conf (the main Apache2 configuration
file. Contains settings that are global to Apache2) and 000-default.conf (virtual-host-friendly
default configuration) thus making it available for virtual hosting.
Some dependencies like Wikipedia, Wikiversityetcrequired different ports in case several
users wish to search different content through the standalone Dhron-Pi education system.
Therefore these ports were open at the time of start-up and made available for virtual
hosting through the web page of Dhron-Pi.Finally the apache web services is combined with
a hypertext processor (PHP) along with the design for web pages with educational content
made in HTML+CSS to deliver information to the user’s device. This is also done through a
graphic user interface designed in python and Tkinter which is currently complied through
the OS’s terminal giving access to user on connected PC as well as Dhron-Pi (with a display )
in an interactive manner.
2. Data Flow Diagram to show service delivery to User
27. 27 |
The Data flow diagram shows the user access layout for Dhron-Pi from connection to query
of educational information to delivery and offline saving content on connected devices.
After Password Authentication and establishing connection with system’s Access point, Web
portals will be ready through the browser to display educational content. Ports based local
hosting for Kiwix based .zim content is also made active and the reaming file and
information are displayed through the dynamic file browser. The simple layout to deliver
information to any mobile device connected to The Dhron-Pi ensures direct access and the
ability to save information from Dhron-Pi for further use or keep searching. This saves the
user’s device storage by enabling him which content to keep or what to discard.
5.3System Software Design Overview
Interactive Web Services
Provide cross-platform access from Pie to user by through any browser via mobile
phones, tablets even Wi-Fi or Ethernet linked PCs .Few portals also provide file
sharing system for examples, all NCERT books from 6th class to 12 class, learning
tutorial videos ( without the need to buffer through the internet) and much more
at the push of a button .
Our Web Portal
28. 28 |
Interactive Graphic User Interface
Provides Direct yet interactive access to users through Laptops and PC’s acting as an
application between the data and your device .Dynamic Design and features like,
adding data directly to central Pie system, Temperature and Humidity sensor etc
make it fit for Teacher and developer as well as students.
Our Interactive File Bowser (within the web portal)
30. 30 |
6. Testing and Analysis
6.1 Testing
System Starting Time
Table 6.1 show the response of the system from when it is powered on till the OS and GUI
boots completely. According to it the main apache server and its various ports with its WAP
Dhron-Pi started even before the complete OS boots.
Task Time Taken Comment
System Boot Start 5 Secs after power on 5 V DC Supply provided
WIFi Access Point Starts 15 Secs after power on Runs a bash script on boot
Apache On 15 Secs after power on Apache runs automatically.
Pi-Ports On 15 Secs after power on Runs a bash script on boot
Complete OS boots for UI 35 Secs Runs a bash script on boot
Table 6.1
System Response Time
As shown in table 6.2 Dhron-Pi user response time when tested on various machines.
Although the result presented here are from a Desktop machine accessing the Dhron-Pi
through its WAP. Hence results may differ from those which are analysed here depending
on particular user machine hardware and software capabilities in mobile , laptop,
desktopsof different configurations may vary the actual user response time.
Task Time Comment
Portal loading time 5.0 Secs Main web index.php
Port Loading (TED-Ed) 6.2 Secs Heaviest port page on our server.
Port Loading (Wiki Med) 2.3 Secs Lightest Port on our Server
File Browser 1.9 Secs Contains various tutorials
31. 31 |
List of software testing done on Dhron Pi:
1. Ad-hoc testing
This type of software testing is very informal and unstructured and can be performed by
any stakeholder with no reference to any test case or test design documents. Here we
tried to find defects in our work flow. In most of the cases it worked fine but there are
few areas where we still need to do improvements.
2. Browser compatibility Testing
It’s one of the sub types of testing of compatibility testing performed by testing team.
Browser compatibility testing is performed for web applications with combination of
different browsers and operating systems. It worked well on every platform like Android,
Windows Mobile, Windows Pc, i-phones. Slight difference in text alignment according to
the size the screen occurred there.
3. Vulnerability Testing
Involves identifying, exposing the software, hardware or network Vulnerabilities that can
be exploited by hackers and other malicious programs likes viruses or worms. We
provided a secure WAP service with a password also provided a Administrator Panel To
see log of user list and activities
4. Black Box testing
Black box testing is a software testing method where in testers are not required to know
coding or internal structure of the software. Black box testing method relies on testing
software with various inputs and validating results against expected output. We tested
Black box testing and it worked well with different keywords and phrases
5. GUI (Graphical User Interface) testing
This type of software testing is aimed at testing the software GUI (Graphical User
Interface) of the software meets the requirements as mentioned in the GUI mockups
and Detailed designed documents. We confirmed our python GUI and web portal GUI
works fine
6. Bandwidth Testing
We also conducted wireless and Ethernet multiple connection checks around 20 users
used our portal simultaneously without any difficulty and they accessed same video at
the same time for testing purposes it worked fine. List of users using its wifi access point
shown in putty terminal using command “ARP”.
32. 32 |
6.2 Test Case 0 (Session on 11th
July 2016,IGDTUW )
We tested our Dhron-Pi in several stages by taking a stepwise increment of user load and
accessing various portals:
Firstly we tested it on our own devices and used the different portals simultaneously and
then we tried to access same portal at same time and both of it passed in our test. There
was a little increment in loading time but all devices got positive result
Again we tested it on our 8 devices: 4 mobile and 4 laptops including windows and android
phones we got good results there too. But we found out in some devices accessing time was
longer than others that was because of the device configuration i.e. RAM and cache
limitations. But on a standard device it worked well.
Third and final stage was when we asked all the developers in our Workspace at IGDTU to
connect to our Dhron-Pi Wi-Fi and told them to go to browser and visit the portal which was
on 172.24.1.1 and we buffered a particular video in around 20 devices and we got positive
results. All were getting quick response from our server.
And we kept the device for all day there around for 6 hours and it was working fine with
CPU temp around 49.2 Celsius only.
20 Connected Devices during Test Case 0
33. 33 |
6.3 Analysis
Successful testing gave way to overall analysis of Dhron-Pi and the stand-out features are
listed as follows:
The Dhron-Pi draws about five to seven watts of electricity. Since its server can run
constantly night and day, the electrical savings can really add up. It can be powered
by any standard power bank.
No moving parts - The Dhron-Pi uses an SD card for storage, which is fast and has no
moving parts. There are also no fans and other things to worry about. A Class 10 SD
card is usually the best performing compared to lower class cards, but this will
mainly only affect boot time.
Small form factor - The Dhron-Pi can be held in your hand. A comparable full-size
box cannot.
No noise - The Pi is completely silent.
Built-in HDMI capable graphics - The display port on the Pi is HDMI and can handle
resolutions up to 1920×1200, which is nice for making the Dhron-Pi in to a video
player box for example.
The Dhron-Pi runs GNU/Linux and variants of similar operating systems. There are
too many technical problems with Windows based Dhron-Pi. And Linux also is an
open source OS.
34. 34 |
7. Conclusion
A standalone open source education system with offline content, Dhrone-Pi was successfully
created thus saving the cost of data packs and steady internet connections in order to
browse for educational content. Tethering and usage through 20 devices was also a success
and multiple users were able to access the same or different educational resource provided
by Dhron-Pi through its web portals and Graphic user Interface.
The system showed as the extent of web browsers for cross platform access of same
resources through virtual hosting. Android as well as Windows phone were able to access
the information with ease.
Dependencies that included informational data, fetched whenever requested by a user
through one of the web portals we sent directly or after uncompressing thus saving the
user’s device storage and enabling him to access information as long as the device is
connected to Dhron-Pi. The user may also chose the save the content. The huge amount of
data storage on Dhron-Pi itself was mostly in compressed format thus leaving space for
additional content to be added and delivered to the user if the developers chose so.
Deploying standalone systems like Dhron-Pi can not only reduce costs of computer systems
required, internet connection for multiple users but also provide free interactive
educational content to the youth, today. It’s method to exploit either wired or unwired
networks makes it easy to scale where devices are interconnected by any one these two
means.