Mason Stotts pd. 2 - energy
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Energy is used to power construction activities. Powering construction requires energy to operate machinery and equipment used in building projects. Adequate energy supply is essential for construction work to be completed efficiently.
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International monetary system
The international monetary system refers to the set of rules and institutions that govern foreign exchange between nations. Historically, systems included the gold standard and Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates pegged to the US dollar and gold. The collapse of Bretton Woods in 1971 led to a floating exchange rate system today where currencies fluctuate based on market forces. Current systems range from independent floating to managed floats and pegs that allow some flexibility. Understanding the monetary system helps managers with currency management, business strategy, and relations with governments.
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The document discusses two types of production systems: intermittent and continuous. Intermittent production occurs on a small scale based on customer orders and is flexible. Continuous production occurs on a large scale based on demand forecasts and has standardized processes. Within each system there are different types of production flows, such as project, jobbing, and batch production for intermittent systems, and mass and process production for continuous systems. Examples are provided for each type of production flow.
Chapter 4 financial forecasting and planning
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There are three main types of forecasting methods: qualitative, extrapolative, and causal. Qualitative methods rely on expert opinions and are useful for medium to long range forecasting. Extrapolative methods use past historical demand data to identify patterns and extrapolate them into the future. Causal methods use statistical models based on historical demand data and other variables that influence demand. Some specific forecasting techniques mentioned include the Delphi technique, market surveys, scenario writing, moving averages, weighted moving averages, exponential smoothing, regression analysis, and econometric methods.
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There are two main types of production systems: continuous and intermittent. Continuous systems produce standardized outputs in large volumes and have dedicated machinery. They require unskilled labor and mechanized material handling. Intermittent systems produce a variety of outputs in smaller batches and require changing machine setups. They employ skilled labor and less mechanized material handling. Continuous systems include flow and mass production, while intermittent systems are batch, job order, and project based production.
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This document discusses various techniques for financial forecasting and projections. It provides an overview of preparing pro forma income statements and balance sheets using percentage of sales and budgeted expense methods. An example pro forma income statement and assumptions are presented. Key points covered are sales forecasting techniques, calculating external funding requirements for growth, and preparing other supporting financial projections like cash budgets and operating budgets.
International monetary system ppt @ bec doms mba bagalkot
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History of-international-monetary-system
This document provides a summary of the history of international monetary systems from ancient times to the present. It discusses the gold standard period, the collapse of the gold standard after World War I, the Bretton Woods system established in 1944, and the eventual collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s. The document analyzes the shortcomings of each system and the economic and political factors that led to changes in the international monetary system over time.
02[1].international monetary system
This chapter introduces students to the international monetary system and how it has evolved over time. It discusses key historical exchange rate regimes like bimetallism, the classical gold standard, and Bretton Woods system. It also examines recent currency crises in Mexico, Asia, and Argentina. Fixed regimes aim for stability but lack flexibility, while flexible rates create uncertainty for trade.
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The document discusses various quantitative forecasting techniques including time series methods like moving averages and exponential smoothing. It provides examples of how to calculate 3-period moving averages and exponential smoothing forecasts using sample sales data. Exponential smoothing places more weight on recent observations compared to moving averages. The smoothing constant determines how quickly older data is discounted.
International monetary system
The document provides an overview of the international monetary system, including:
1) The evolution of international monetary systems from bimetallism to the classical gold standard to the Bretton Woods system to the current flexible exchange rate regime.
2) Current exchange rate arrangements including free float, managed float, and currencies pegged to other currencies.
3) Details on the euro and European monetary union.
4) Examples of currency crises like the Mexican peso crisis, Asian currency crisis, and Argentine peso crisis.
5) Differences between fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes and how imbalances are addressed under each system.
Forecasting Techniques
Interventions required to meet business objectives - from Forecasting Methods,
Forecast Accuracy / Error Reduction,
Integrate – Sales Forecast / Production to undertaking a CPFR
Demand forecasting ppt
This document discusses various methods for classifying and forecasting demand. It categorizes demand based on whether goods are for consumers or producers, whether they are perishable or durable, and whether demand is derived, autonomous, for a firm or industry, or for total markets versus market segments. It then discusses demand forecasting and different quantitative and qualitative techniques for forecasting, including expert opinion methods, complete/sample consumer enumeration surveys, sales force opinion surveys, and consumer end use surveys. Each technique is described along with its advantages and disadvantages.
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International monetary system ppt @ bec doms mba bagalkot
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