1) The document discusses psychodynamic theories of addiction, which focus on interpersonal and intrapersonal factors from early childhood that may lead to addiction. These include underdeveloped ego functions, a failure to internalize soothing objects, and an abnormal relationship with pleasure.
2) Addiction is more likely in those with weak ego functions like impulse control. Object relations theory looks at how early relationships shape one's internal world and representations of others.
3) Lacanian theory views addiction as stemming from a paradoxical form of pleasure called jouissance that is both enjoyable and intolerable.
DEFENSE MECHANISM IS THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISM EMPLOYED BY US WHICH PREVENTS US FROM FALLING PREY TO INTOLERABLE ANXIETY, HOWEVER AT TIMES WE OFTEN PAY A HEAVY COST FOR USING IT IN PATHOLOGICAL WAYS.
DEFENSE MECHANISM IS THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISM EMPLOYED BY US WHICH PREVENTS US FROM FALLING PREY TO INTOLERABLE ANXIETY, HOWEVER AT TIMES WE OFTEN PAY A HEAVY COST FOR USING IT IN PATHOLOGICAL WAYS.
I designed this presentation to raise awareness on anxiety and depression, including other mental health issues.
We are facing a global crisis on mental health and people aren't talking about it nearly enough. Employers also aren't aware of the many stresses that modern life places on some of their staff.
They need to take mental health more seriously in the workplace.
This presentation is dedicated to JewWario, Justin Carmical who committed suicide only recently. He was suffering from depression.
Week 5 nursing 350 board discussion
Week 5 Discussion Prompt
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Visit the Center for Disease Control website, and go to the Diseases and Conditions pages .
Choose a topic of interest and review any data or statistics provided under that topic. Discuss how evidence-based practice and epidemiology is used to improve prevention and health promotion in your chosen topic.
Bottom of Form
III. Theories of ForgettingEncoding Failure
Fail to encode the information; information is never transferred to LTM (p. 317)Storage Decay:
Forgetting curve: initially rapid, then levels off with time (pp 317-318)Retrieval Failure:
We cannot retrieve the information. (pp 318 - 319)
Absence of cues.
Importance of cues (context effects, mood-congruent memory, & déjà vu) pp 312 - 314
*
III. Theories of ForgettingMotivated Forgetting theory: pp 320 - 326
Remembering our past is often revising it.
We forget things that run counter to our self-view.
We remember things that correspond to how we view ourselves or that enhance us.
Blocking (repressing) painful, unpleasant memories is extremely rare.
Can we recover these memories?
Beware! It is very easy to create false memories.
*
III. Theories of ForgettingCreation of false memories:
“mousetrap on finger study (Ceci & Bruck, 1993, 1995) pp 325 - 326
58% of preschoolers produced false memories
Professional psychologists could not distinguish the real from the false memories
*
III. Theories of ForgettingRepressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse?Conclusions: p 325
Incest and sexual abuse happens. (all too often!)
There are false convictions.
Some people do forget traumatic events although it is much more likely that a person can’t forget them.
The recovery of some memories is possible, but recovery of repressed memories is questionable.
Use of hypnosis or drugs to recover memories is questionable.
Memories of events before age 3 and a half are highly questionable. (Remember infantile amnesia.)
Even false memories are emotionally traumatic.
*
Outline for Psychological Disorders
Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorders
IV. Psychological DisordersA. Anxiety Disorders: characterized by . . .
distressing persistent anxiety (a feeling and a cognition)
maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
5 types:
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic Disorder
Phobias
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
IV. Psychological DisordersA. Anxiety Disorders (cont.)
Generalized anxiety disorder: characterized by .
Continuous feelings of tension or unease
worried thoughts about bad things happening
autonomic nervous system arousal
the inability to identify or explain its cause (free-floating)
Persists for 6 months or more
Women are more likely to suffer from this disorder. Two-thirds of the sufferers are women.
(Why the gender difference? Be a good critical thinker! It doesn’t have to be biology! (Wo ...
I designed this presentation to raise awareness on anxiety and depression, including other mental health issues.
We are facing a global crisis on mental health and people aren't talking about it nearly enough. Employers also aren't aware of the many stresses that modern life places on some of their staff.
They need to take mental health more seriously in the workplace.
This presentation is dedicated to JewWario, Justin Carmical who committed suicide only recently. He was suffering from depression.
Week 5 nursing 350 board discussion
Week 5 Discussion Prompt
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Visit the Center for Disease Control website, and go to the Diseases and Conditions pages .
Choose a topic of interest and review any data or statistics provided under that topic. Discuss how evidence-based practice and epidemiology is used to improve prevention and health promotion in your chosen topic.
Bottom of Form
III. Theories of ForgettingEncoding Failure
Fail to encode the information; information is never transferred to LTM (p. 317)Storage Decay:
Forgetting curve: initially rapid, then levels off with time (pp 317-318)Retrieval Failure:
We cannot retrieve the information. (pp 318 - 319)
Absence of cues.
Importance of cues (context effects, mood-congruent memory, & déjà vu) pp 312 - 314
*
III. Theories of ForgettingMotivated Forgetting theory: pp 320 - 326
Remembering our past is often revising it.
We forget things that run counter to our self-view.
We remember things that correspond to how we view ourselves or that enhance us.
Blocking (repressing) painful, unpleasant memories is extremely rare.
Can we recover these memories?
Beware! It is very easy to create false memories.
*
III. Theories of ForgettingCreation of false memories:
“mousetrap on finger study (Ceci & Bruck, 1993, 1995) pp 325 - 326
58% of preschoolers produced false memories
Professional psychologists could not distinguish the real from the false memories
*
III. Theories of ForgettingRepressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse?Conclusions: p 325
Incest and sexual abuse happens. (all too often!)
There are false convictions.
Some people do forget traumatic events although it is much more likely that a person can’t forget them.
The recovery of some memories is possible, but recovery of repressed memories is questionable.
Use of hypnosis or drugs to recover memories is questionable.
Memories of events before age 3 and a half are highly questionable. (Remember infantile amnesia.)
Even false memories are emotionally traumatic.
*
Outline for Psychological Disorders
Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorders
IV. Psychological DisordersA. Anxiety Disorders: characterized by . . .
distressing persistent anxiety (a feeling and a cognition)
maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
5 types:
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic Disorder
Phobias
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
IV. Psychological DisordersA. Anxiety Disorders (cont.)
Generalized anxiety disorder: characterized by .
Continuous feelings of tension or unease
worried thoughts about bad things happening
autonomic nervous system arousal
the inability to identify or explain its cause (free-floating)
Persists for 6 months or more
Women are more likely to suffer from this disorder. Two-thirds of the sufferers are women.
(Why the gender difference? Be a good critical thinker! It doesn’t have to be biology! (Wo ...
This presentation attempts the research paper, 'The Reading of The Waste Land and The Second Coming though Pendemic Lens'. This presentation is prepared for the compitition.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2. Sem 2 (M.A.)
Roll no. 07
Enrollment no.: 4069206420210031
Paper code : 22401
Paper no. & paper name : Paper 108, The American
Literature
Submitted to : Smt S.B. Gardi, Department of English,
MKBU
emisharavani3459@gmail.com
3. Psychodynamic theories of addiction
A significant strength of psychodynamic theory has been the focus
on interpersonal and intrapersonal factors, beginning as early as
during parent-child interactions and the emergence of unconscious
motivations, factors that may manifest in behavior across
development. Overall, modern psychodynamic theories (based
primarily on case studies) suggest that there are three interrelated
factors that lead to addiction: (1) underdeveloped ego-functions and
defense mechanisms; (2) a failure in symbolization of the soothing
qualities of internal objects (3) a deviant positioning towards pleasure
in the form of Jouissance (US National library of medicine)
4. First, from an ego-psychology perspective, addiction is more likely in
individuals with underdeveloped executive functioning or ego-
functions, primarily reality testing, stimulus barrier, judgement,
impulse control, and the synthetic-integrative function.
Second, an object-relations perspective proposes that to understand
addiction vulnerability, a focus on the relational and representational
aspects of development is needed, wherein, over time, the mind
develops in relation to others, primarily with early caregivers.
Through experience, these interactions become embedded in the
child’s internal world as mental representations or internal objects.
Third, the Lacanian psychoanalytic movement explains addiction
from the perspective of jouissance: a paradoxical –enjoyable yet
intolerable– form of pleasure.
5. The 4 C’s of Addiction
Compulsion Craving
Consequences Control
6. 1. Compulsion
Compulsion means that an individual has an absolute and overpowering urge
to fuel their addiction. The behavior may start impulsively, but as the addiction
grows, it becomes a compulsive habit. By not partaking in the habit, agonizing
anxiety occurs, affecting all other behaviors.
2. Craving
The urge to fuel the addiction becomes as demanding as hunger pain,
mimicking a physical need. It feels like it is vital for survival. This urge often
manifests as restlessness, insomnia and lack of appetite.
3. Consequences
Even when negative consequences become apparent, the behavior continues.
Consequences of addiction include relationship, work, legal and money
problems.
4. Control
Control of when or how the individual fuels their addiction is lost. Oftentimes,
in the early stages of addiction, an individual will try to cut down or eliminate
the behavior. This is impossible when the lack of control stage of addiction is
reached.(National library of medicine)
7. Morphine is a morphinan alkaloid that is a highly
potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug.
Morphine acts directly on the central nervous
system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high
potential for addiction, with tolerance and both
physical and psychological dependence developing
rapidly.(National Library of Medicine)
8. Character of Mary Tyrone
Mary is fifty-four, about medium height. She still has a young,
graceful figure, a trifle plump, but showing little evidence of
middle-aged waist and hips, although she is not tightly
corseted. Her face is distinctly Irish in type. It must once have
been extremely pretty, and is still striking. It does not match her
healthy figure but is thin and pale with the bone structure
prominent. Her nose is long and straight, her mouth wide with
full, sensitive lips. She uses no rouge or any sort of make-up.
Her high forehead is framed by thick, pure white hair.
Accentuated by her pallor and white hair, her dark brown eyes
appear black. They are unusually large and beautiful, with black
brows and long curling lashes.
9. Dailogues of Mary Tyrone
Mary : I'm not upset. There's nothing to
be upset about. What makes you think
I'm upset?
Mary : You really must not watch me
all the time, James. I mean, it makes
me self-conscious.
Mary : why are you staring, Jamie? It's
hard for me to do it up properly, now.
My eyes are getting so bad and I never
can find my glasses.
10. Her nervousness several times
Mary : I do feel out of sorts this morning. I
wasn't able to get much sleep with that awful
foghorn going all night long. Mary : I know
it's useless to talk, but sometimes I feel so
lonely.
Mary : Your father goes out... You go out....
But I am alone. I've always been alone.
Mary : I couldn't sleep because I was thinking
about you. That's the real reason! I have been
so worried ever since you've been sick.
Mary : But I'm quite all right, dear. Except I
naturally feel tired and nervous this morning,
after such a bad night. I really ought to go
upstairs and lie down until lunch time and
take a nap.
11. You must take her tales of the past with a grain of salt. The piano
playing and her dream of becoming a concert pianist. That was put in
her head by the nuns flattering her. ,and the idea she might have
become a nun. That's the worst. She was a bit of a rogue and a
coquette, God bless her, behind all her shyness and blushes. She
was bursting with health and high spirits and the love of loving.
(Mary’s past)
Tyrone
12. Work citation
◈ Alvarez-Monjaras, Mauricio, et al. “A Developmental Model of Addictions: Integrating Neurobiological
and Psychodynamic Theories through the Lens of Attachment.” Attachment & Human Development,
U.S. National Library of Medicine, Dec. 2019,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6359991/.
◈ Dimitriadis, Yorgos. “The Psychoanalytic Concept of Jouissance and the Kindling Hypothesis.”
Frontiers, Frontiers, 1 Jan. 1AD, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01593/full.
◈ Johnson, Marjorie king. “An Analysis of the Artistic Process in Creating the Character of Mary Tyrone
.” Etd.ohiolink.edu/, 1966,
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1392387506&disposition=inli
ne.
◈ Jovey, Roman D. “Opioids, Pain and Addiction - Practical Strategies.” British Journal of Pain, SAGE
Publications, Feb. 2012, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590091/.
◈ National Center for Biotechnology Information. "PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5288826,
Morphine" PubChem, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Morphine. Accessed 13 April,
2022.