Behavioural Science Presentation on MARS Model. MARS stands for Motivation, Ability, Role perceptions, Situational Factors. Also contains information about values and ethics.

1. MARS MODEL
By: UNNATI GARG

2. INTRODUCTION
• MARS model of individual behaviour is a model that seeks to
elaborate individual behaviour as a result of internal and external
factors or influences combined together.
• The model can be implemented to a variety of situations, but is
usually applied in Management, Industrial Psychology or
Organizational Behaviour studies.
• This model represents that these four factors have a mixed effect
on individual performance. If any factor weakens, performance
will decrease.

3. MARS is the acronym for :
• MOTIVATION
• ABILITY
• ROLE PERCEPTION
• SITUATIONAL FACTORS

5. MOTIVATION
• Motivation can be described as internal forces that impact the
direction, intensity, and endurance of a person’s voluntary choice of
behaviour. It consists of −
• Direction − focused by goals.
• Intensity − bulk of effort allocated.
• Persistence − amount of time taken for the effort to be exerted.
• For example − A team leader encourages team members to work
efficiently.

6. ABILITY
• Ability is the natural tendency and learned capabilities needed to
complete a task successfully. It has four different parts namely −
• Aptitudes − natural talent that helps people learn more efficiently and
perform effectively.
• Learned capabilities − accomplished skills and knowledge.
• Competencies − abilities, individual values, personality traits and
other features of people that result in superior performance.
• Person-job fit − there are three ways to match people with jobs
• selecting qualified people
• developing employee abilities through training
• redesigning job to fit person's existing abilities

7. ROLE PERCEPTIONS
• They are the beliefs about what behaviour is necessary to achieve the
desired results, and have a check that everyone is clear regarding their
part. It is of four types −
• Understanding the tasks to be performed.
• Understanding associated importance of tasks allotted.
• Understanding preferred behaviours to complete respective tasks.
• Clarifying role perceptions
• For example − Every member in a group is clear regarding the part allotted
to them. For instance, the programmer writes the code and the tester
checks it.

8. SITUATIONAL FACTORS
• They are the environmental conditions like given time bound, team
members, budget, and work facilities that limits or facilitates
behaviour. Factors that are beyond the individual’s control in the
short run.
• Some situational characteristics such as consumer preferences and
economic conditions originate from the external environment and
consequently are beyond the employee’s and organization control.

9. VALUES
• Values are principles that allow us to guide our behavior to fulfill
ourselves as individuals. They are fundamental beliefs that help us
prefer, accept and choose one thing over another or a behavior over
another. They are also a source of satisfaction and fulfillment.
• They provide a guideline to formulate goals and objectives, whether
personal or collective. They reflect our keenest interests, feelings
and convictions.
• Values refer to human needs and represent ideals, dreams and
aspirations. Their importance is independent of the circumstances.

10. CORE VALUES

11. ETHICS
• Ethics can be defined as a set of rules formulated by a country, or a
company, or an institution. Ethics are not the individual.
• You can have professional ethics, but you seldom hear about
professional morals & values. Ethics tend to be codified into a formal
system or set of rules which are explicitly adopted by a group of
people. Thus you have medical ethics. Ethics are thus internally
defined and adopted, whilst morals tend to be externally imposed on
other people.

13. IMPACT OF VALUES AND ETHICS ON
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR AND PERFORMANCE

14. • Values guide our behaviors; they are part of our identity as
individuals, and guide our behaviors at home, at work, or any other
area of our life.
• They show us how to behave and how not to behave when we’re
faced with desires or impulses, whether we’re alone or with others.
• They are like a compass that helps us behave consistently, regardless
of the situation.

15. • For example, when using public transportation, some people give their seat
to a pregnant woman, and others don’t. The former believe in the value of
courtesy and consideration towards others, whether they’re strangers or
not.
• Among those who don’t give up their seat we commonly find children (who
haven’t yet acquired that value), or elderly people who give a greater
value to their own need to be seated (correctly so), or people who just
attach a greater value to their own comfort.
• Thus, values are the foundation of our behaviors, and make us feel well
about our own decisions.
• When we act guided by our values, we are not concerned by what others
will say. We act according to our convictions, regardless of whether others
are observing us or not.

16. • When we truly believe that a set of behaviors constitute an
essential cornerstone to life, we act accordingly, and don’t care
what others say about it.
• When are committed to being honest, we don’t take what isn’t
ours. We do so because we believe in respecting the property of
others, not because we are being watched.
• Values guide our actions and determine for us what’s good or bad.
When we’re guided by values, we act without expecting anything
in return, except personal satisfaction and fulfillment.

17. The Ethics Resource Center reports that non-unionized employees
perceive stronger ethical cultures within their organizations than their
unionized counterparts. The non-profit organization also reports that
young workers are more likely to perceive weak ethical cultures within
their companies than older ones. Managers also tend to value stronger
ethical cultures than employees in non-management positions. It is
your duty as a manager to incorporate and manage a strong ethical
culture within your business. Workplace ethics are significant to your
business and provide numerous benefits.

18.  Productivity and Teamwork
Workplace ethics is integral in fostering increased productivity and teamwork
among your employees. It helps in aligning the values of your business with
those of your workers. Achieving this alignment requires that you encourage
consistent dialogue regarding the values of your business, which enhances
community, integrity and openness among employees. Ethics enable your
workers to feel a strong alignment between their values and those of your
business. They show such feelings through increased productivity and
motivation.
• Public Image
You earn a lot of respect and cultivate a strong image in the public domain when
you make ethical choices. For instance, you can fulfill your corporate social
responsibility by reducing waste discharge from your business. The public would
consider your business to be operating with honor and integrity while valuing
people over profits. Building a strong public image through ethical conduct also
earns you more clients. Customers would develop trust in you and do business
with your organization.

19.  Decision-Making
Ethical conduct in the workplace encourages a culture of making decisions
based on ethics. It also enhances accountability and transparency when
undertaking any business decisions. During turbulent times, a strong
ethical culture guides you in managing such conflicts by making the right
moves. It can help you to introduce change successfully in your
organization, which can be a challenge. Ethical conduct within the
business sensitizes you and your staff on how to act consistently even in
difficult times.
• Asset Protection
A strong ethical culture within your business is important in safeguarding
your assets. Employees who abide by your workplace ethics would be able
to protect and respect your business’s assets. For example, they would
avoid making personal long distance calls using the business’s lines.
Workers can only respect company property when you treat them with
respect and dignity, which makes them feel proud to be working for your
business. Ensure that your workers perform in an environment with
integrity and strong ethics.