marine water microbes
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Marine microbes are tiny single-celled organisms that live in the ocean and account for 98% of the ocean's biomass. They include bacteria, archaea, and viruses from all three domains of life. Marine microbes have adapted to tolerate salty conditions, anaerobic environments in the deep sea, and aerobic conditions at the ocean's surface. Some are even thermophiles that thrive in extreme temperatures. Specific types of marine bacteria discussed include Shewanella, Pseudoalteromonas, and Pelagibacter, which play important roles in metal cycling, defending other marine organisms, and producing oxygen, respectively. Marine archaea and eukaryotes as well as bacteriophages that infect bacteria are also
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Marine and coastal ecosystems are diverse and complex systems. The marine ecosystem is the largest ecosystem on Earth, covering over 70% of the planet's surface. It contains a variety of habitat types, from coral reefs and kelp forests to deep sea and open ocean environments. Coastal ecosystems like mangroves, sandy shores, and estuaries exist at the interface between land and sea. These ecosystems support a high level of biodiversity but are threatened by rising sea levels and ocean acidification due to climate change. Careful management is needed to protect these important ecosystems.
Marine ecology ppt
This document provides an overview of marine ecology and ocean zones. It begins by outlining the objectives and essential question regarding marine ecology and ocean zonation. It then defines marine ecology as the study of biotic and abiotic interactions in marine ecosystems. The document proceeds to describe the five oceans on Earth and the key features of marine ecology, including the vastness and salinity of the ocean. It also outlines the horizontal zones of the ocean including the intertidal, neretic and oceanic zones. Finally, it details the vertical zonation of ocean life based on depth and light availability.
Aquatic Ecosystems
This document describes several types of freshwater and marine ecosystems. It discusses the key features of rivers and streams, ponds and lakes, wetlands including bogs, marshes, swamps, and Everglades, estuaries, intertidal zones, kelp forests, open ocean, hydrothermal vents, and coral reefs. It notes how organisms adapt to different zones based on availability of light and nutrients.
The purpose of specialized lacunae are to provide structure to th.pdf
The purpose of specialized lacunae are to: provide structure to the rhizomes. carry oxygen to
plant parts provide buoyancy to the blade. both b and c In seagrasses the process of water-
insoluble fertilization is called hydroponic pollination. hygrophilous pollination. sperm
pollination. aquatic insemination. clonal growth. Salt marsh plants differ from seagrasses in
that they: are not fully marine plants. require freshwater to reproduce. are intolerant of full
strength seawater. are found throughout the world. have roots, while seagrasses do not. Salt
marsh plants play an important ecological role in recycling nutrients. stabilizing sediments.
filtering run-off from coastal areas. habitat for small animals. all of the above A mechanism in
many salt plants to control osmotic pressure is: to remain as some conformers. to have
succulent parts. to dry out. to go dormant during periods of high salinity. to drop leaves.
Mangroves typically occur in/on: tropical and subtropical areas. temperature areas. polar areas.
open coasts. sandy beaches. Mangrove trees have specialized to stabilize the plant in roots,
mud holdfast, rocks roots, rocks holdfast, mud roots, sand
Solution
7. The purpose of specialized lacunae are to carry oxygen to plant parts and provide buoyancy to
the blade.
8. In seagrasses, the process of water- insoluble fertilization is called hydrophilous pollination
9. Salt marsh plants differ from seagrasses in that they are not fully marine plants.
10.Salt marsh plants play an important ecological role in habitat for small animals
11.A mechanism in many salt plants to control osmotic pressure is to have succulent parts
12.Mangroves typically occur in/on tropical and subtropical areas.
13.Mangrove trees have specialized roots to stabilize the plant in mud..
Msc_Marine_Environment_2022.pptx
The marine environment is highly variable in space and time. It can be divided into different domains based on factors like depth, temperature, salinity, nutrients and dissolved gases.
The document describes the various zones of the marine environment from the photic zone at the surface to the aphotic zone in deep waters. It also discusses the neritic and oceanic provinces, benthic zones like littoral and sublittoral, and special ecosystems like hydrothermal vents where chemosynthesis, not photosynthesis, is the base of the food web.
Plankton play an important role in the marine environment and can be divided into types like phytoplankton, zooplankton,
Msc_Marine_Environment_2022 - Copy.pptx
The marine environment is highly variable across space and time due to various climate, physical and biogeochemical factors. It can be divided into pelagic and benthic zones, each with their own subdivisions. The pelagic zone includes biozones based on depth, while the benthic zone ranges from intertidal to hadal zones. Key environmental factors like temperature, salinity, nutrients and organic matter influence the distribution of marine species. Chemosynthesis, not photosynthesis, is the base of the food web at deep sea hydrothermal vents. The sea surface microlayer hosts a unique microecosystem at the air-sea interface.
Lesson 1 marine ecosystems
This document provides an overview of several key marine ecosystems:
- Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystem due to symbiotic relationships between corals and zooxanthellae algae. However, they are threatened by factors like coral bleaching, disease, and human impacts.
- Salt marshes are important estuarine ecosystems located between land and salt/brackish water. They support food webs and provide habitat for many species.
- Mangroves are found in subtropical regions and have distinctive root systems that provide shelter and habitat. They play an important ecological role by exporting nutrients.
- Deep sea ecosystems rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Organisms in these ecosystems must
Extremophiles imp. 1
Extremophiles are microorganisms that survive in extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures, acidity, salinity, pressure, and radiation. There are several types of extremophiles including thermophiles that thrive in high temperatures, psychrophiles that survive in cold temperatures, halophiles that live in high salt concentrations, and radiotolerant organisms that are resistant to radiation. Extremophiles have adapted strategies to survive such as heat-stable proteins, chaperonins, rigid membranes, and DNA repair mechanisms. They are found in places like hot springs, deep sea hydrothermal vents, deserts, Antarctica, and caves.
algae(spirulina) by Sandipayan Dutta
The document discusses algae, including that they are eukaryotic organisms that contain chloroplasts and perform photosynthesis. Algae exist in many forms from microscopic to over 50 meters long, and reproduce both sexually and asexually. They are found in aquatic and some terrestrial environments where they serve important ecological functions such as producing oxygen and providing a food source.
Coral Reefs lesson for csec geography in the caribbean
Coral reefs are living structures made of coral polyps that provide habitat and food for many species. They are found in shallow, clear, warm waters near the equator. The three main types are fringing reefs near shore, barrier reefs separated from land by lagoons, and atoll reefs formed on sunken volcanoes. Coral reefs support biodiversity and are important for tourism, fisheries, coastal protection, and medicine. However, they face threats from human activities like pollution, sedimentation, overfishing, and tourism as well as natural threats like climate change. Protecting coral reefs involves establishing reserves, education, and environmental assessments.
Coral Reefs.pdf
Coral reefs exist in shallow tropical waters and require specific environmental conditions to survive. They are home to many species but are threatened by rising ocean temperatures, acidification, and pollution. Conservation efforts aim to protect these fragile ecosystems through marine protected areas, education, restoration projects, and sustainable practices.
Mangroves
Mangroves are trees or plants that grow between land and sea in coastal tropical and subtropical regions. They have adapted to survive in conditions with high salinity, sedimentation, and tidal flooding. Mangroves form unique ecosystems that provide shelter and food for many species. However, they are being destroyed for activities like urbanization and agriculture. The document provides details on mangrove ecology, distribution, importance and threats.
Aquatic ecosystem
This document summarizes aquatic ecosystems, including freshwater and marine ecosystems. It discusses the components and characteristics of freshwater lake ecosystems, including the littoral and limnetic zones, abiotic and biotic factors, producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers. It also provides an overview of marine ecosystems, describing the euphotic, disphotic, and aphotic zones, and the producers, consumers, and decomposers that comprise marine food webs.
Aquatic ecosystems revised
There are several key factors that determine the types of organisms found in aquatic ecosystems, including dissolved oxygen levels and water temperature. Organisms are adapted to the conditions in different freshwater and marine ecosystems, such as streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, wetlands, estuaries, and open ocean. Marine ecosystems can be divided based on depth, light availability, and location into intertidal zones, coastal oceans, open oceans, and benthic zones, each with distinctive characteristics and organisms.
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The purpose of specialized lacunae are to provide structure to th.pdf
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Coral Reefs lesson for csec geography in the caribbean
Coral Reefs lesson for csec geography in the caribbean
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- 1. Marine microbes by maha shakeel student of BS microbiology
- 2. Marine microbes • Marine microbes are tiny single celled organisms that live in ocean. • Cover 98% biomass of the ocean. • Include members of all three domains and also viruses. Live in ocean ability to • tolerate salty conditions of the ocean • To anaerobic conditions present in deep sea. • To aerobic on the upper surface of the ocean water • Some are to thermophiles
- 3. Marine Bacteria Specific Shewanella Negative anaerobic bacteria Found in extremes/deep sea habitat, where the temperature is low and pressure is high Ability to reduce metal, critical for the cycling of minerals S.abyssi S.canadenensis S.algicola etc. Pseudoalteromonas Gram negative, aerobic bacteria Curved rod shaped and have a single pollar flagella Serve as defense agent for marine flora and fauna P.antarctica P.arctica P.bacterolytica
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- 5. Marine bacteria Non specific Streptomyces Photo bacterium Flavobacterium Vibrio V.vulnificus
- 7. Marine Eukaryotes • Gastrotrich • Chlorophyceae • Loricifera • Dinoflagellates • Raphidophyceae etc.
- 8. Marine viruses Bacteriophages Obligate parasitic agents in marine They attach with the bacteria to replicate and complete its function. Belongs to families Corticiviridae Inoviridae Microviridae