Manual handling involves lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling and carrying loads using physical effort. Employers have a duty to avoid hazardous manual handling where possible, assess any handling that cannot be avoided, and take action to reduce risk. Employees must take reasonable care of themselves and others. Factors like twisting, heavy loads, awkward postures, repetitive tasks and stress can cause back pain. Maintaining good posture and fitness, knowing your limits, and taking breaks can help prevent injury. A risk assessment should consider characteristics of the task, individual, load, and environment.