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Manual lae iv feb ago 2009
1. LENGUA ADICIONAL
AL ESPAÑOL IV
FORTH SEMESTER
FIRST PERIOD
FEB – AGO 2010
NAME
__________________________________
_
GROUP
__________________________________
_
1
2. Compiled by Cristina Muñoz
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
PROGRAM
SEMANA DIAGNOSTICA
REVIEW OF TENSES
(present progressive, simple present, past progressive, simple past,
present perfect, future with “be going to” and “will”).
FIRST PERIOD
UNIT 1:
1.1 Tag Questions
(simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive,
future “will and going to”, present perfect).
UNIT 2:
2.1 Passive voice (simple present/present progressive/simple past/
past progressive)
2.2 Used to
2.2.1 Still
2.2.2 Anymore
Evaluation
Exam 40%
Students Manual 20%
Class work 20%
2
3. Expositions 20%
____________
100%
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
SECOND PERIOD
UNIT III:
3.1 Reported Speech (say)
3.2 Reported Speech (tell)
3.3 Reported Speech (ask)
UNIT IV:
4.1 Infinitives and gerunds
4.2 Second Conditional:
If + simple past / modal + verb in simple form (+, -, ?)
EVALUATION
Exam 40%
Students Manual 20%
Class work 20%
Expositions 20%
____________
100%
3
4. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
CONTENT
Irregular verbs chart.……………………………………………………………………………4, 5
Regular verbs chart……………………………………………………………………………………6
Review of tenses……………………………………………………………………………… 7, 8, 9
Tag questions…………………………………………………………………………………10, 11, 12
Passive voice in simple present………………………………………………………13, 14
Passive voice in present progressive……………………………………………………15
Passive voice in simple past………………………………………………………………16, 17
Passive voice in past progressive…………………………………………………………18
Used to…………………………………………………………………………………………………20, 21
Still & Anymore………………………..………………………………………………………………22
Reported Speech (say)…………………………………………………………………….24, 25
Reported Speech (ask)……………………………………………………………………………26
Reported Speech (tell)……………………………………………………………………………27
Review of reported speech (say/ask/tell)............................................28
4
5. Infinitives and gerunds……………………………………………………………………
Second Conditional……………………………………………………………………………30, 31
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
IRREGULAR VERBS
INFINITIVE GERUNDS VERBS IN PAST VERBS IN PAST
VERBS VERBS “ING” PARTICIPLE
ar, er, ir ando, iendo ado, ido, to, so,
am, is, are (present) did have/has
was, were (past)
To come Coming Came Come
To do Doing Did Done
To buy Buying Bought Bought
To catch Catching Caught Caught
To drink Drinking Drank Drunk
To drive Driving Drove Driven
To eat Eating Ate Eaten
To feel Feeling Felt Felt
To find Finding Found Found
To give Giving Gave Given
To have Having Had Had
To know Knowing Knew Known
To pay Paying Paid Paid
To read Reading Read Read
To ride Riding Rode Ridden
To run Running Ran Run
To write Writing Wrote Written
To say Saying Said Said
To see Seeing Saw Seen
To sell Selling Sold Sold
To send Sending Sent Sent
To sit Sitting Sat Sat
To sing Singing Sang Sung
To sleep Sleeping Slept Slept
5
6. To speak Speaking Spoke Spoken
To swim Swimming Swam Swum
To take Taking Took Taken
To tell Telling Told Told
To think thinking Thought Thought
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
IRREGULAR VERBS
INFINITIVE GERUNDS VERBS IN PAST VERBS IN PAST
VERBS VERBS “ING” PARTICIPLE
ar, er, ir ando, iendo ado, ido, to, so,
am, is, are (present) did have/has
was, were (past)
To win Winning Won Won
To wake up Waking up Woke up Woke up
To wear Wearing Wore Worn
To stand Standing Stood Stood
To hit Hitting Hit Hit
To cut Cutting Cut Cut
6
7. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
REGULAR VERBS
INFINITIVE GERUNDS VERBS IN PAST VERBS IN PAST
VERBS VERBS “ING” PARTICIPLE
ar, er, ir ando, iendo ado, ido, to, so,
am, is, are did have/has
(present)
was, were (past)
To fix Fixing fixed fixed
To like ----------------- Liked Liked
To listen to Listening to Listened to Listened to
To pull Pulling Pulled Pulled
To call Calling Called Called
To study Studying Studied Studied
To complain Complaining Complained Complained
To deliver Delivering Delivered Delivered
To vote Voting Voted Voted
To translate Translating Translated Translated
To answer Answering Answered Answered
To correct Correcting Corrected Corrected
To enjoy Enjoying Enjoyed Enjoyed
To mix Mixing Mixed Mixed
To dance Dancing Danced Danced
To watch Watching Watched Watched
To wash Washing Washed Washed
To push Pushing Pushed Pushed
To play Playing Played Played
To clean Cleaning Cleaned Cleaned
To walk Walking Walked Walked
7
8. To look Looking Looked Looked
To work working Worked Worked
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
TAG QUESTIONS
TAG QUESTIONS or ATTACHED QUESTIONS are those that we use after
a sentence, to confirm or verify some information that we know. We use tag
questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean
something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?"
For example:
Simple Present: You climb a mountain, don’t you?
She climbs a mountain, doesn’t she?
Present Progressive: You are climbing a mountain, aren’t you?
She is climbing a mountain, isn’t she?
Simple Past: You climbed a mountain, didn’t you?
She climbed a mountain, didn’t she?
Past Progressive: You were climbing a mountain, weren’t you?
She was climbing a mountain, wasn’t she?
Future “going to”: You are going to climb a mountain, aren’t you?
She is going to climb a mountain, isn’t she?
Future “will”: You will climb a mountain, won’t you?
She will climb a mountain, won’t she?
Present Perfect: You have climbed a mountain, haven’t you?
She has climbed a mountain, hasn’t she?
When using tag questions, watch for 4 points:
8
9. • What tense is the verb?
• What kind of verb is it? (to be/other verbs)
• Is the sentence affirmative or negative?
• Does the pronoun need to be changed?
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
TAQ QUESTIONS
1. Choose the correct Question tag:
a) She's definitely not coming,
b) It will hurt,
c) It happened yesterday,
d) It drives you mad,
e) They're selling their house,
2. Select the correct Question tag:
a)She is collecting stickers,
b) We often watch TV in the afternoon,
c) You have cleaned your bike,
d) John and Max like Math,
e) Peter played handball yesterday,
f) They are going home from school,
g) Mary did her homework last Monday,
h) He bought a new car,
i) Kevin will come tonight,
j) I'm clever,
3. Complete the sentences with the Question tag:
a) You are John,
b) He recognize me right away,
c) Cars pollute the environment,
d) He is going to tell her,
e) Carol can study French,
f) Mr. McGuineess is from Ireland,
g) The car is in the garage,
h) She went to the library yesterday,
9
10. a) Mr. Pritchard has been to Scotland recently,
b) The trip is very expensive,
d) Hugh had a red car,
e) The Mount Rushmore National Memorial Park is in keystone,
f) The rock was a sacred Indian site once,
g) It has been a national memorial since 1925m
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
TAQ QUESTIONS
4. Now choose the correct option to make a question tag
a) Murat gets up late,
b) Let's have a drink,
c) Your car is not cheap,
d) Lisa has lost her ID,
e) You couldn't help me,
f) We are friends,
g) You weren't at the party last night,
h) There is a museum in this city,
i) You have never been to Peking,
j) You must give up smoking,
k) I didn't do anything wrong,
l) No one can help you,
n) They helped us a lot,
o) Don't do it,
p) Get out of my sight,
q) Dave is your cousin,
h) The monument doesn’t show the bust of President Clinton,
i) George Washington was the first President of the United States,
10
11. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
EXPOSITION
TEAM OF 4:
INVENT A STORY INCLUDING 4 CHARACTERS AND USE
TAG QUESTIONS. TRY TO USE ALMOST ALL TENSES.
EXAMPLE:
11
12. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
A. Choose the correct tag questions to finish the sentence.
1. Teresa has been an accountant for many years, _____________?
a) aren´t she? b) doesn´t she? c) hasn´t she? d) haven´t she?
2. Aurora dances salsa every day, ________________?
12
13. a) wont´she? b) don´t she? c) doesn´t she? d) aren´t she?
3. Peirre and Giovanni were living in Greece, _____________?
a) isn´t he? b) wasn´t he? c) weren’t he? d) aren´t he?
4. Kate and Kim have traveled around the world, __________________?
a) haven´t they? b) hasn´t they? c) doesn´t they? d) aren´t they?
5. Jackie and Alicia cooked spaghetti last Friday night, _______?
a) won´t they? b) didn´t they? c) did´t she? d) won´t she?
6. Mario was reading a novel last night, ___________?
a) isn´t she? b) wasn´t she? c) wasn´t he? d) isn´t he?
7. Pablo will win the next competition, ________________________?
a) won´t I? b) will I? c) won´t he? d) won´t he?
8. You and I are busy right now, _________?
a) aren´t I? b) aren´t we? c) aren´t they? d) aren´t you?
9. It is windy today, __________________?
a) isn´t I? b) are it? c) is it? d) aren´t it?
10. My cousins are doing exercise, _____?
a) aren´t they? b) isn’t he? c) aren´t you? d)aren´t we?
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
B. Complete the following sentences.
1. He is David Beckman, _____________________?
2. They will win the competition, ______________ ?
3. She plays tennis, ________________________?
4. She was dancing rap, _____________________?
13
14. 5. We passed the exam, _____________________?
6. They are going to play chess, _______________?
C. Underline the verb or the auxiliary. Then write the correct
tag questions.
1. Sheila flew to Mexico, _____________________?
2. He is kind of old, _____________________?
3. The bus stops at this corner, _____________________?
4. She goes shopping every day, _____________________?
5. George has eaten a lot of tacos, _____________________?
6. Sue worked yesterday, _____________________?
7. Johnny is a good student, _____________________?
8. You always buy nice clothes, _____________________?
9. Lucas will speak English well, _____________________?
10. My friends have done the homework, _____________________?
11. The students study very hard, _____________________?
12. They are American,_____________________?
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
D. Read the dialogue between Carla and Liz and complete the
sentences.
YOU KNOW THAT, DON`T YOU?
14
15. Carla: I know everything there is to know about VIN diesel.
Liz: Oh yeah-you’re his biggest fan, ________________?
Carla: true, but I’m sure you like him too. You saw “The Pacifier”,
_______________?
Liz: No, I didn’t, but he’s o.k. He is kind of old,
though,___________?
Carla: He was born in 1967. You know about his childhood,
__________?
Liz: No…
Carla: He never knew his biological father. That’s
hard,____________? He lived with his mother an astrologer, and
his adoptive father in a poor section of New York City. He didn’t do
well in school, but He’s made a life for himself,
_____________________?
Liz: Yes, Carla. You’ve fallen in love with Vin,
_________________?
Carla: that’s true, but you can understand why, can’t you? Just look at
that wonderful man.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
15
16. * When the first sentence is negative, the tag questions use an
affirmative auxiliary.
For example:
Simple Present: You don’t play soccer, do you?
She doesn’t speak English, does she?
Present Progressive: You aren’t playing soccer, are you?
She isn’t playing soccer, is she?
Simple Past: You didn’t play soccer, did you?
She didn’t play soccer, did she?
Past Progressive: You weren’t playing soccer, were you?
She wasn’t playing soccer, was she?
Future “going to”: You’re not going to play soccer, are you?
She’s not going to play soccer, is she?
Future “will”: You won’t play soccer, will you?
She won’t play soccer, will she?
Present Perfect: You haven’t played soccer, have you?
She hasn’t played soccer, has she?
A. Add the correct tag question to the following sentences.
1. She doesn’t speak English well, _________________?
2. He didn’t go to Hawaii, _______________________?
3. They haven’t visited in New York, __________________?
4. We won’t win the contest, ____________________?
5. She wasn’t doing her homework, ________________?
6. She’s not going to wash the dishes, _________________?
7. They don’t like to study Math, _____________________?
8. He won’t be here at 4pm, _________________________?
9. He’s not going to the party tonight, __________________?
10. Tina didn’t go to school yesterday, __________________?
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
16
17. PASSIVE VOICE
* We form the Passive voice of Present and past tense sentences with
the appropriate form of TO BE and the past participle of the main verb.
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple present:
Mary writes a letter. A letter is written by Mary.
Present Progressive:
Mary is writing a letter. A letter is being written by Mary.
Simple Past:
Mary wrote a letter. A letter was written by Mary.
Past progressive:
Mary was writing a letter. A letter was being written by
Mary.
In Passive voice, the subject is not the person who does the action. The
subject is the object of the action.
Active Lorena sings a romantic song.
Passive A romantic song is sung by Lorena.
A. Complete the chart.
Tense Subject Verb Object
Simple Active The boy plays baseball
Present Passive
Present Active John is buying watermelon
Progressive Passive
Simple Active Emiliano painted a house
Past Passive
Past Active Victor was driving a new car
Progressive Passive
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
17
18. PASSIVE VOICE IN SIMPLE PRESENT
B. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. He opens the door
__________________________________________________________
2. We set the table
__________________________________________________________
3. She pays a lot of money.
__________________________________________________________
4. I draw a picture.
__________________________________________________________
5. They wear blue shoes.
__________________________________________________________
C. Change the verb in parentheses to past participle. Then
rewrite them using the passive voice.
1. They (built) a house. ____________________
__________________________________________________________
2. Our uncle (takes care of) Susan. ____________________
__________________________________________________________
3. She (speaks) two languages. ____________________
__________________________________________________________
4. My mother (sends) me to the butcher. ____________________
__________________________________________________________
5. The policemen (help) the children. ____________________
__________________________________________________________
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
18
19. D. Rewrite the sentences using Passive voice.
1. The doctors cure sick people.
__________________________________________________________
2. The secretary types many letters.
__________________________________________________________
3. Students study different subjects.
__________________________________________________________
4. An architect designs buildings
__________________________________________________________
5. A bus driver drives a bus.
__________________________________________________________
E. Change from active to passive.
1. My sister washes the dishes every day.
__________________________________________________________
2. My best friend jumps high walls
__________________________________________________________
3. My brother flies different kinds of airplanes.
__________________________________________________________
4. My son watches cartoons all the time.
__________________________________________________________
5. My brother rides wild horses.
__________________________________________________________
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
19
20. F. Write passive sentences in Simple Present.
1. The documents / print
__________________________________________________________
2. The window / open
__________________________________________________________
3. The shoes / buy
__________________________________________________________
4. The car / wash
__________________________________________________________
5. The litter / throw away
__________________________________________________________
6. The letter / send
__________________________________________________________
7. The book / read / not
__________________________________________________________
8. The songs / sing / not
__________________________________________________________
9. The food / eat / not
__________________________________________________________
10. The shop / close / not
__________________________________________________________
G. Complete the sentences (active or passive voice). Use simple present.
1. He (sell) ______________________________________________ cars.
2. The blue car (sell) __________________________________________.
3. In summer, more ice-cream (eat) ____________________ than in winter.
4. She (call) _________________________ her grandparents every Friday.
5. The letters (type) __________________________________________.
6. He (take) _______________________________ his medicine every day.
7. Jane (take/not) __________________________ to school by her father.
8. We (go) _____________________________________ to school by bus.
9. She (work/not) ____________________________________ for a bank.
10. Milk (keep) ________________________________ in the refrigerator.
20
21. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
PASSIVE VOICE IN PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
* We form the Passive voice of Present Progressive tense sentences with
the appropriate form of TO BE, BEING and the PAST PARTICIPLE of
the main verb.
Example:
ACTIVE Lucy is helping John
PASSIVE John is being helped by Lucy.
A. Complete the chart.
Tense Subject Verb Object
Present Active The boys are playing basketball
Progressive Passive
Present Active Jim is eating tacos
Progressive Passive
Present Active Elsa is painting a house
Progressive Passive
Present Active Luz & Paul are washing cars
Progressive Passive
B. Change the following sentences using passive voice.
1. The teacher is preparing the final exam.
__________________________________________________________
2. My friends are watching a good movie.
__________________________________________________________
3. The secretary is answering the phone.
__________________________________________________________
4. The construction workers are building that skyscraper.
__________________________________________________________
21
22. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
5. The messengers are delivering a lot of boxes.
__________________________________________________________
6. The Government is fixing the Streets.
__________________________________________________________
7. Peter is decorating a new house.
__________________________________________________________
8. Peter is preparing lunch.
__________________________________________________________
9. Charley is biting his new pencil.
__________________________________________________________
10. Paty is listening to a romantic song.
__________________________________________________________
11. Nacho is eating a lot of hamburgers.
__________________________________________________________
C. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. Sheila is drinking a cup of tea
__________________________________________________________
2. My father is washing the car
__________________________________________________________
3. Farmer Joe is milking the cows
__________________________________________________________
4. She is taking a picture of him
__________________________________________________________
5. I am writing a poem
__________________________________________________________
6. We are not playing soccer
__________________________________________________________
7. She is preparing the party.
__________________________________________________________
8. They are talking about the meeting.
__________________________________________________________
9. She is watering the flowers.
__________________________________________________________
10. He is not wearing a tie.
__________________________________________________________
22
23. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
PASSIVE VOICE IN SIMPLE PAST
* We form the Passive voice of Simple Past tense sentences with the
appropriate form of TO BE, and the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main
verb.
Example:
ACTIVE Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
PASSIVE The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.
A. Complete the chart.
Tense Subject Verb Object
Present Active The boys played basketball
Progressive Passive
Present Active Jim ate 10 tacos
Progressive Passive
Present Active Elsa painted a house
Progressive Passive
Present Active Luz & Paul washed a car
Progressive Passive
B. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. Julia rescued three cats.
__________________________________________________________
2. The students handed in the reports.
__________________________________________________________
3. Maria crashed the blue car.
__________________________________________________________
4. Alex learned the poem.
__________________________________________________________
5. A robber broke the window of the shop.
23
24. __________________________________________________________
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
C. Change the following sentences from active to passive.
1. Julian pushed the big box.
__________________________________________________________
2. Lucas and Peter composed a romantic song.
__________________________________________________________
3. Kelly carried a heavy bag pack.
__________________________________________________________
4. Mario and Maria climbed Mountain Everest.
__________________________________________________________
5. My cousin stole two cell phones.
__________________________________________________________
6. Fire destroyed that house.
__________________________________________________________
7. The audience enjoyed the concert.
__________________________________________________________
8. Paul delivered that pizza.
__________________________________________________________
9. The police captured the thief.
__________________________________________________________
10. The little boy ate the cake.
__________________________________________________________
11. Lorenzo sent a love letter to Lillian.
__________________________________________________________
24
25. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
D. Complete the following sentences using the verbs in
parenthesis in past participle and adapt them as necessary
using the passive voice.
1. Dogs and cats _____ ____________ thousands of years ago. (cultivate)
exist
2. Tula _____ ____________into Mexico by Hernan Cortes. (introduce)
3. Mexico _____ ____________ by the Toltecas. (build)
4. Mexico _____ ____________ by the British. (conquer)
5. The Insurgentes theater _____ ____________ by Diego Rivera. (exhibit)
E. Complete the following sentences using a name from Box I
and a verb form box 2. Adapt the verbs as necessary.
1. The telephone _____ ____________ by __________.
2. “Yesterday” and “Imagine” _____ ____________ by __________.
3. America _____ ____________ by Christopher Columbus.
4. The electric bulb and the phonograph ________ ________________ by
__________.
5. Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck _____ ____________ by __________.
6. The Mona Lisa _____ ____________ by __________.
7. Paper _____ ____________ by __________.
25
26. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST PROGRESSIVE
* We form the Passive voice of Past Progressive tense sentences with
the appropriate form of TO BE, BEING and the PAST PARTICIPLE of
the main verb.
Example:
ACTIVE Lucy was helping John
PASSIVE John was being helped by Lucy.
A. Complete the chart.
Tense Subejct Verb Object
Present Active My friends were cleaning the school
Progressive Passive
Present Active Jacobo was doing exercises
Progressive Passive
Present Active Paul was building a house
Progressive Passive
Present Active Luz & Paul were fixing a car
Progressive Passive
B. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. They were eating dinner.
__________________________________________________________
2. I was repairing their bikes.
__________________________________________________________
3. She was watching a horror film.
__________________________________________________________
4. He was playing the guitar.
__________________________________________________________
5. We were talking about Francis.
26
27. __________________________________________________________
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
C. Change the following sentences using passive voice.
1. Lola was cleaning the garden.
__________________________________________________________
2. Becky was buying watermelons.
__________________________________________________________
3. My mother was explaining the lesson.
__________________________________________________________
4. Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.
__________________________________________________________
5. My mother was sweeping the floor.
__________________________________________________________
6. Tom was opening the door.
__________________________________________________________
7. My students were studying passive voice.
__________________________________________________________
8. Jennifer was returning two books.
__________________________________________________________
9. Translators were translating the speech.
__________________________________________________________
10. Steve was riding a beautiful horse.
__________________________________________________________
11. Lorena was sewing a button.
__________________________________________________________
27
28. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
REVIEW OF PASSIVE VOICE
Simple Present/Present Progressive/Simple Past/Past Progressive
A. Change the active to passive if it is possible. Some verbs
cannot be changed.
1. The police captured a thief.
__________________________________________________________
2. North Americans play baseball.
__________________________________________________________
3. Jackie scored a perfect goal.
__________________________________________________________
4. We are sending two faxes.
__________________________________________________________
5. My dog died.
__________________________________________________________
6. Tommy broke the cup.
__________________________________________________________
7. Julia is watering the plants.
__________________________________________________________
8. A strange thing happened yesterday.
__________________________________________________________
9. It rained hard yesterday.
__________________________________________________________
10. That man sells tacos.
28
29. __________________________________________________________
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
11. The assistant manager interviewed me.
__________________________________________________________
12. The glass fell to the floor.
__________________________________________________________
13. They were organizing a big parade.
__________________________________________________________
14. Mr. Jones created that problem.
__________________________________________________________
15. Mr. Smith teaches history.
__________________________________________________________
EXPOSITION:
TEAM OF 4:
CREATE A COLLAGE USING PASSIVE (ALL TENSES).
INCLUDE PICTURES, IMAGES, ETC.
EXAMPLE:
29
30. Lengua Adicional al Español IV
USED TO
* We use “USED TO” to express habitual activities in the past.
Affirmative & + used to + verb in simple
form
Negative & + didn’t use to + verb in simple form
Interrogative Did + & + use to + verb in simple form?
Examples: I used to play with Barbies.
I didn’t use to go to disco bars.
Did you use to go to the movies?
A. Complete the chart.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Ed didn’t use to watch
Barney
30
31. Did Lily use to jump rope?
Lola used to sing
They didn’t use to fish
Did you use to draw?
We used to play soccer
B. Write about the things you used to do when you were in
Kindergarten.
1. When I was in kindergarten, I used to ___________________________.
2. When I was in kindergarten, I didn’t use to _______________________.
C. In the following situations, write two habitual activities.
1. When you were a baby, _______________________________________.
2. When you didn’t study English, _________________________________.
3. When you were a child,_______________________________________.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
D. Now write some memories of you past using USED TO DO
and DIDN’T USE TO DO. Use the heading below.
Family life:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
School:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Holidays:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Clothes:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
31
33. 2. When Peter was working in the post office, he _____________________
use the computer occasionally, but he didn’t use it all the time.
3. When I was younger, I _____________________ get nervous in front of
people. Now it’s different because I don’t get nervous _________________.
4. John _____________ play sports in the morning and study in the evenings
when he was a teenager. Now he ____________________ plays sports in the
mornings but he can’t study in the evening ____________________.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
B. Answer the following questions.
1. What did you use to do as a child that you still do in the present?
__________________________________________________________
2. What didn’t you use to do last years that you do this year?
__________________________________________________________
3. What did you use to eat that you don’t eat anymore?
__________________________________________________________
4. What song did you use to sing that you still sing?
__________________________________________________________
5. What movie did you use to watch that you don’
__________________________________________________________
EXPOSITION:
TEAM OF 4:
33
34. EACH STUDENT WILL INCLUDE TWO THINGS HE/SHE USED
TO DO AND STILL DO AND TWO THINS HE/SHE USED TO
DO AND DON’T DO ANYMORE.
CREATE A CHART AND INCLUDE PICTURES, IMAGES, ETC.
EXAMPLES:
I USED TO PLAY VOLLEYBAL BUT NOW I DON’T PLAY
VOLLEYBALL ANYMORE.
LENGUA ADICIONAL
AL ESPAÑOL IV
34
35. FORTH SEMESTER
SECOND PERIOD
FEB – AGO 2010
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
REPORTED SPEECH (SAY)
You use Reported Speech to report something that a person said. Here
are the verbs changes.
Simple Present:
Lucia: I work Reporter: She said that she worked
Present Progressive:
35
36. Lucia: I am working Reporter: She said that she was working
Future “will”:
Lucia: I will work Reporter: She said that she would work
Future “be going to”
Lucia: I am going to work Reporter: She said that she was going
to work
A. Change to reported speech. (present progressive)
1. Angie: I’m selling the car.
__________________________________________________________
2. Anie: I’m doing my homework
__________________________________________________________
3. Memo: I’m painting my bike
__________________________________________________________
4. Pepe: I’m watching TV
__________________________________________________________
B. Change to reported speech. (Simple present)
1. Lucas: I always drink coffee
__________________________________________________________
2. Mary: I love chocolate
__________________________________________________________
3. Pily: I have to do my laundry
__________________________________________________________
4.Jenny: I study every day
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
C. Change to reported speech. (future “will”)
1. Mario: I will eat steak for dinner.
__________________________________________________________
2. Elena: I will buy a new car.
__________________________________________________________
3. Carlo: I’ll send you all the papers
36
37. __________________________________________________________
4. Luis: I will teach you how to play.
__________________________________________________________
D. Change to reported speech. (future “going to”)
1. Lino: I’m going to go to Long Island
__________________________________________________________
2. Jack: I’m going to meet a girl
__________________________________________________________
3. Kelly: I’m going to prepare Lasagna
__________________________________________________________
4. Sue: I’m going to write a love poem
__________________________________________________________
E. Change the sentences.
1. He: she is very fashion
__________________________________________________________
2. She: I am going to buy a house
__________________________________________________________
3. They: He is practicing
__________________________________________________________
4. He: Brad Pitt is the sexiest man in Hollywood
__________________________________________________________
5. She: I will learn how to cook
__________________________________________________________
6. They: We are dancing rap
__________________________________________________________
7. He: She speaks two languages
__________________________________________________________
8. She: Maria is living in CSL.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
REPORTED SPEECH (ASK)
Present Progressive:
Lucia: Am I working? Reporter: She asked me if she was working
Simple Present:
37
38. Lucia: Do I work? Reporter: She asked me if she worked
Future “will”:
Lucia: Will you work? Reporter: She asked me if she would work
Future “be going to”
Lucia: Am I going to work? Reporter: She asked me if she was going
to work
A. Change from active to passive.
1. Mr. Smith: Are you a student?
__________________________________________________________
2. Ms. Washington: What is your name?
__________________________________________________________
3. Kevin: What are you doing now?
__________________________________________________________
4. David: Do you need a pen?
__________________________________________________________
B. Change to reported speech.
1. Kurt: Are you hungry?
__________________________________________________________
2. Ralph: What do you do every day?
__________________________________________________________
3. Chad: Do you have a car?
__________________________________________________________
4. Sophia: What are you talking about?
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
REPORTED SPEECH (TELL)
You can also report orders or commands.
Lucia: clean the kitchen Reporter: She told me to clean the kitchen
38
39. Peter: do your homework Reporter: he told me to do my
homework
Fabi: don’t eat in class Reporter: she told me not to eat in class
Ivan: don’t drink alcohol Reporter: he told me not to drink alcohol
A. Change from active to passive.
1. Teacher: “Stand up, please, Maurice”
__________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Brown: “Don’t speak now, Melissa”
__________________________________________________________
3. Kevin: show me your ticket
__________________________________________________________
4. Bobby: open the book
__________________________________________________________
B. Change to reported speech.
1. Rob: answer the questions
__________________________________________________________
2. Laura: go to school, now
__________________________________________________________
3. Kathy: do your job
__________________________________________________________
4.Steve: pick me up at 7 o’clock
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
REVIEW OF REPORTED SPEECH
(SAY/TELL/ASK)
39
40. A. Change the following sentences.
1. He: “I will be here at noon:”
__________________________________________________________
2. She: “The train will probably arrive on time”
__________________________________________________________
3. They: Are you Russian?
__________________________________________________________
4. He: don’t call me
__________________________________________________________
5. He: pay attention in class
__________________________________________________________
6. She: I want a sandwich
__________________________________________________________
7. He: I’m going to move to Ohio.
__________________________________________________________
8. They: Do you play tennis?
__________________________________________________________
9. He: don’t smoke
__________________________________________________________
10. She: I will come to the meeting.
__________________________________________________________
11. She: Do you have a car?
__________________________________________________________
12. He: Are you watching the news?
__________________________________________________________
13. He: eat all the vegetables
__________________________________________________________
14. They: I am washing the dishes
__________________________________________________________
15. They: Please sit down for a few minutes.
__________________________________________________________
16. She: don’t copy
__________________________________________________________
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
PROJECT / REPORTED SPEECH
Take your video camera and get ready for your next issue.
40
41. In trios you will create 8 conversations where you ask and answer, and
that information will be reported.
You have to include all forms; say, tell, and ask in all tenses; simple
present, present progressive, future “will” and “going to”. Try to be
creative, and don’t forget to speak clearly.
Your work must be turned in, in a CD.
Finish the
Are you Yes, I am report as
going to the going to the soon as
meeting? meeting. possible
Kelly,
I Don’t argue
have in the
STEVE AMANDA ROBERT KELLY JASON
REPORTE SPEECH
Steve asked Amanda if she was going to the meeting.
Amanda said that she was going to the meeting.
Robert said that he had to go.
Kelly told Robert to finish the report as soon as possible.
Jason told Robert and Kelly not to argue in the office.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
INFINITIVES & GERUNDS
41
42. Here is a brief review of the differences between gerunds
and infinitives.
Gerunds are formed with walking, talking, thinking,
ING: listening
Infinitives are formed with to walk, to talk, to think, to
TO: listen
Gerunds and infinitives can do several jobs:
Both gerunds and infinitives can be the subject of a
sentence::
Writing in English is difficult.
To write in English is difficult.
Both gerunds and infinitives can be the object of a
verb:
I like writing in English.
I like to write in English.
But...
Only gerunds can be the object of a preposition::
We are talking about writing in English.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
INFINITIVES & GERUNDS
It is often difficult to know when to use a gerund and when to
use an infinitive. These guidelines may help you:
42
43. Gerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete or
completed::
I stopped smoking.
(The smoking was real and happened until I
stopped.)
Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal,
abstract, or future::
I stopped to smoke.
(I was doing something else, and I stopped; the
smoking had not happened yet.)
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
Gerunds and Infinitives
Verbs Followed by an Infinitive
She agreed to speak before the game.
43
44. agree consent have offer shoot
aim continue hesitate ought start
appear dare hope plan stop
arrange decide hurry prefer strive
ask deserve intend prepare swear
attempt detest leap proceed threaten
be able dislike leave promise try
beg expect like propose use
begin fail long refuse wait
care forget love remember want
choose get mean say wish
condescend happen neglect
Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive
Everyone expected her to win.
advise choose have love remind
allow command hire motivate require
ask dare instruct order send
beg direct invite pay teach
bring encourage lead permit tell
build expect leave persuade urge
buy forbid let prepare want
challenge force like promise warn
Note: Some of these verbs are included in the list above
and may be used without an object.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
Gerunds and Infinitives
Verbs Followed by a Gerund
They enjoyed working on the boat.
44
45. admit delay finish permit resist
advise deny forbid postpone resume
appreciate detest get through practice risk
avoid dislike have quit spend (time)
can't help enjoy imagine recall suggest
complete escape mind report tolerate
consider excuse miss resent waste (time)
Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund
We concentrated on doing well.
admit to depend on plan on
approve of disapprove of prevent (someone) from
argue about discourage from refrain from
believe in dream about succeed in
care about feel like talk about
complain about forget about think about
concentrate on insist on worry about
confess to object to
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
Gerunds and Infinitives
A. Complete the following paragraph.
Yuri was in his first year at university, studying History.
He was rather a lazy student, and he tended to avoid (work)
________________whenever he could. In the middle of the
semester, his history professor gave out an assignment, due in
45
46. two weeks. Yuri intended (do) ____________ the assignment, but he
postponed (write) _________________it for a week. The following week, he
forgot (do) __________________ it. The night before the assignment was
due, he suddenly remembered it, and rushed to the library. He tried (read)
_______________as much as possible on the topic, but there wasn't enough
time. Yuri considered (ask) _________ for more time to do his paper, but the
History professor was known to be very tough on students, so finally he
decided (cheat) ___________________ and copy his paper from somewhere
else. He found an old article on the same topic, and quickly typed it out. The
next day, he submitted the paper.
The following week, he was alarmed (see) ________________________ the
professor approaching him, looking angry.
"Is this your own work, or did you copy it?" asked the professor. Yuri denied
(copy) ________________ the paper.
"If you expect me (believe) ________________________ that, you must be
very stupid," said the professor. "Every word is taken from an article I wrote
myself five years ago. Did you really think I would forget (write)
________________ it?"
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
Using Gerunds and Infinitives
VERB GERUND INFINITVE BOTH VERB GERUND INFINITVE BOTH
want
need
begin
enjoy
finish
46
47. hope
start
expect
quit
VERB GERUND INFINITVE BOTH VERB GERUND INFINITVE BOTH
plan
continue
intend
mind
mean
like
decide
promise
offer
VERB GERUND INFINITVE BOTH VERB GERUND INFINITVE BOTH
agree
put off
refuse
Love
Seem
Keep
Appear
Hate
Consider
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
INFINITIVES & GERUNDS
We use the Gerund or the Infinitive after the following verbs:
He began talking.
begin
He began to talk.
They continue smoking.
continue
They continue to smoke.
47
48. Do you hate working on Saturdays?
hate
Do you hate to work on Saturdays?
I like swimming.
like
I like to swim.
She loves painting.
love
She loves to paint.
Pat prefers walking home.
prefer
Pat prefers to walk home.
They start singing.
start
They start to sing.
A.Put in the verbs in brackets in the gerund or the to infinitive
Example: They go on ___________ (read) the book.
They go on reading the book.
1. I can’t imagine Peter __________ (go) by bike.
2. He agreed __________ (buy) a vew car.
3. The question is easy __________ (answer).
4. The man asked me how ________ (get) to the airport.
5. I look forward to ____________ (see) you at the weekend.
6) Are you thinking of __________ (visit) London?
7. We decided _____________ (run) through the forest.
8. The teacher expected Sarah __________ (study) hard.
9. She doesn’t mind __________ (work) the night shift.
10. I learned ____________ (ride) the bike at the age of 5.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
Using Gerunds and Infinitives
B. Create sentences with the information given.
1. Yoko / want / go / abroad
__________________________________________________________
2. Her mother / suggest / go / to Canada
__________________________________________________________
48
49. 3. She / decide / visit / BC
__________________________________________________________
4. She / consider / study / in Vancouver
__________________________________________________________
5. However, she / hate / live / in big cities
__________________________________________________________
6. Finally, she / choose / go / to Victoria
__________________________________________________________
EXPOSITION
TEAM OF 4:
Create a poster. Write as many activities
as you can using gerunds and infinitives.
Examples:
I enjoy cooking
Cycling is good for your health.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
SECOND CONDITIONAL
If + & + verb in past, & + would/could/should + verb in simple form
* A conditional sentence has two parts. One is dependent and begins with If,
and the other is the principal one or the consequence of the first part.
If you study, you will pass your exam. (first conditional)
49
50. *In a Present Unreal Conditional (second conditional), you express a situation
that is contrary to the reality.
If I had time, I would take some vacations. (The reality is: I don’t have
time)
If I were you, I could give her a chance. (The reality is: I am not you).
A. Supply the form of the verb in parentheses to make present
unreal conditions.
1. (speak) If I knew her well, I _____________________ to her.
2. (make) If he attended class regularly, he _______________ progress.
3. (take) If we had the Money, we _____________ trip to South America.
4. (feel) If he went to bed late, he ______________________ so tired.
5. (have) If he drove more carefully, he ______________ less accidents.
6. (respect) If he paid all the Money he borrowed, people _______________
him more.
7. (read) If I knew English better, I ________________________ some
English novels.
8. (get) If he prepared his homework every night, he _______________
better grades.
9. (pass) If you studied more, you _____________________ your exams.
10. (buy) If I had Money, I ______________________ the tickets.
11. (have) If I __________________ an automobile, I would take a trip to
California
12. (work) If she _________________ harder, she would probably get a
better salary.
13. (know) If I ______________________ how to drive, I would buy a car.
14. (know) If I _____________________ more grammar, I would make
less mistakes.
15. (leave) If we ____________________ right away, we could be there in
an hour.
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
B. Complete each of the following conditional sentences in your
own words.
1. I don’t have a car, but if
__________________________________________________________
50
51. 2. I am not in Florida, but if I
__________________________________________________________
3. I don’t like to swim, but if I
__________________________________________________________
4. I don’t have enough money to buy a new car, but if I
__________________________________________________________
5. I can’t type very well, but if I
__________________________________________________________
6. I can’t speak English perfectly, but if I
__________________________________________________________
7. I don’t know how to play the piano, but if I
__________________________________________________________
8. He doesn’t have much free time, but if he
__________________________________________________________
9. He never does his homework, but if he
__________________________________________________________
10. I am not a millionaire, but if I
__________________________________________________________
11. Today isn’t a holiday, but If it
__________________________________________________________
C. Complete the sentences.
1. She would buy a house,
__________________________________________________________
2. They would go to Europe,
__________________________________________________________
3. I would pass my exam,
__________________________________________________________
4. He would win the competition,
__________________________________________________________
5. We would have a graduation party,
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
C. In your own words, WHAT WOULD YOU DO or WHAT
WOULD HAPPEN…
1. If you never prepared your homework?
__________________________________________________________
51
52. 2. If you came late to class every day?
__________________________________________________________
3. If you found a large sum of money in the street?
__________________________________________________________
4. If you lost your purse or wallet?
__________________________________________________________
5. If you were impolite to the teacher?
__________________________________________________________
6. If you failed all your exams?
__________________________________________________________
7. If you knew English perfectly?
__________________________________________________________
8. If you were ten years younger than you are?
__________________________________________________________
9. If you were Nicole Kidman?
__________________________________________________________
10. If you had a lot of free time?
__________________________________________________________
11. If you were Tom Cruise?
__________________________________________________________
Lengua Adicional al Español IV
D. Create an unreal conditional from the situations given. Use
would, could or should.
1. I’m not a child.
__________________________________________________________
52
53. 2. I’m not the President.
__________________________________________________________
3. I don’t have a headache.
__________________________________________________________
4. My city doesn’t have places for fun.
__________________________________________________________
EXPOSITION
TEAM OF 4:
CREATE A POSTER WHERE YOU CREATE SIX
DIFERENT SITUATIONS WERE YOU CAN
APPLY SECOND CONDITIONAL.
EXAMPLE:
IF I WERE THIN,
I WOULD BUY A LOT OF CLOTHES
I WOULD GO TO THE BEACH
I WOULD BE HAPPIER
1
RESPUESTAS INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
53
54. A.
) I can't imagine Peter going by bike.
2) He agreed to buy a new car.
3) The question is easy to answer.
4) The man asked me how to get to the airport.
5) I look forward to seeing you at the weekend.
6) Are you thinking of visiting London?
7) We decided to run through the forest.
8) The teacher expected Sarah to study hard.
9) She doesn't mind working the night shift.
10) I learned to ride the bike at the age of 5.
Appendix 1: Adverbials of Time and Place
54
55. Direct speech
Indirect speech
now
then/ at that time/
immediately
today
yesterday/ that day/ on
Tuesday etc.
yesterday
the day before/ the
previous day/ on Monday
etc.
tomorrow
the next day/ the
following day/ on
Wednesday etc.
this week
last week/ that week
last year
the year before/ the
previous year/ the
preceding year/in 1990
etc.
next month 55