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English grammar(16.11.2012) 2
The document provides an overview of basic grammar, including definitions of key terms like grammar, language, sentence, subject, and predicate. It describes the eight parts of speech - nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it gives examples and explains the different types.
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English grammar(16.11.2012) 2
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- 3. What is Grammar GRAMMAR:- The systematic study and description of a language. OR A set of rules and examples dealing with the syntax and word structures of a language, usually intended as an aid to the learning of that language. LANGUAGE:- The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way:
- 4. The Sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought. a expressing lete m p ht co ug th o
- 5. Every sentence hastwo essential parts: and The subject of a sentence The predicate of a sentence is the part about which is the part which says something is being said. something about the subject. The flower bloomed. Inzi told everyone about the Waqar. VeRru painted. Mushtaq sobbed. The girls on the team were all Ali plays the piano well. good students.
- 6. The simple subjectis the The simple predicate, or main word in the complete verb, is the main word or subject. group of words in the complete predicate. The four new students arrived Sara’s sister took us bowling early. yesterday. Simple subject students Simple predicate took The complete subject is The complete predicate is the main word and all its the verb and all its modifiers. modifiers. Complete subject The four new Complete Predicate took us students bowling yesterday
- 7. Eight Parts ofSpeech s Nouns Verb Pron o uns Interjections Interjections rrbs e bs P re Adjectives ve dv pos Ad A i tio ns Conj unct ions Conj unct ions
- 8. Word that names •A Person • A Place • A Thing • An Idea
- 9. Kinds of Nouns CommonNouns Proper Nouns boy John girl Mary Singular Nouns Plural Nouns boy boys girl girls Singular Possessive Plural Possessive boy’s boys’ girl’s girls’
- 10. A word thatexpresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement “be” verbs & taste Sb j Suubeect feel j ct Liinki sound L nkin look ng g appear become predicate seem predicate grow remain stay
- 11. The pronoun isa word used in place of one or more nouns. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. s Indefinite Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns noun anybody this al Proe each rson e, min urs that Pe I,m o r, y either , you , hers, none these y o u , h er s h e i t , i t s u rs someone, one, etc. Interro those o u r, s , o , t h ei r , gative P ,u we them ronoun , s who s they their whom e lf mys elf rs what you which whose
- 12. Modifies or describesa noun or pronoun. Answers these questions: Did you lose your address book? Is that a wool sweater? Just give me five minutes.
- 13. Modifies or describes Modifiesor describes a verb, an adjective, a verb, an adjective, Answers the questions: Answers the questions: or another adverb. or another adverb. He ran quickly. Ho w? Ho w? He ran quickly. When? When? She left yesterday. She left yesterday. We went there. We went there. Wherre? Whe e? It was too hot! It was too hot! To what degree or how much? To what degree or how much?
- 14. Interrogative Adverbs How did you break your introduce questions leg? When does your plane leave? How often do you run? Where did you put the mouse trap?
- 15. A preposition introducesa noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is its object. They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his trip to Canada.
- 16. The preposition never stands alone! noun object of preposition pronoun preposition preposition object You can press those leaves under glass. Her telegram to Nina and Ali brought good news. object can have modifiers It happened during the last examination.
- 17. Some Common Prepositions aboard behind from throughout about below in to above beneath into toward across beside like under after between of underneath against beyond off until along by on up among down over upon around during past with at except since within before for through without
- 18. The conjunction A conjunctionis a word that joins words or groups of words. nd a or neithe it her /or r/nor e
- 19. The interjection is anexclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow! Look at that sunset!
- 20. Questions??? question….