Introduction to MANET, network architecture, applications, technologies, attacks, pros, and cons and routing protocols

1. MANET
BY:SHEFALI THAKUR
CSE 6TH SEM
A.B.V.G.I.E.T , SHIMLA (H.P)

2. OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION TO AD HOC NETWORK
 WHAT IS MANET ?
 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
 CHARCTERISTICS
 TECHNOLOGIES
 APPLICATIONS
 CHALLENGES
 ATTACKS
 PROS
 CONS
 ROUTING PROTOCOL
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTIONTOAD HOC NETWORK
 A kind of wireless network which can be designed for fulfilling
particular purpose that is served by establishment of the whole set up
on the fly.
 Various types-
 Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
 Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET)
 Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

4. WHAT IS MANET ?
 Stands for "Mobile Ad Hoc Network."
 A MANET is a type of ad hoc network that can change locations and
configure itself on the fly.
 Because MANETS are mobile, they use wireless connections to
connect to various networks. This can be a standard Wi-Fi connection,
or another medium, such as a cellular or satellite transmission.
 Infrastructure less
MOBILE+AD HOC+NETWORK
Can change
it’s location
Meaning of
ad hoc is on
the fly
Group of
devices
connected to
each other

5. NETWORKARCHITECTURE
 MANET topology is dynamic, decentralized and even changing with
the ability and possibility of nodes moving arbitrarily.
 MANET is formed by a set of mobile nodes , such as laptops ,mobile
phones and desktop machines with wireless interface capability.
 Communication among them is done by the means of air as a
communication media.
 Two types of architecture
 Single –hop architecture
 Multi –hop architecture

6. Single –hop architecture
 All mobile nodes are in one coverage area
 Communication is direct from host to host

7. Multi –hop architecture
 Hosts communicate by using intermediate hosts such as internet
communication.
 many intersecting coverage areas or isolated areas

8. CHARACTERISTICS
 Rapidly deployable , self-organized , self-configured and self-
controlled infrastructure-less network
 No infrastructure- flat network
 Wireless links
 Every computer or device (node) is a router as well as end host
 Nodes can be mobile , topology can be very dynamic
 Nodes being able to relay traffic since communicating nodes might be
out of range, Multi hop Routing
 Can be a standalone network or it can be connected to external
networks (Internet)
 Radio communication –shared medium

9. TECHNOLOGIES
 Bluetooth, ultra wide band (UWB), HIPERLAN/1, HYPERLAN/2,
IEEE 802.11 WLAN, IEEE 802.15.3 Wireless PAN, and HomeRF.
 Smart wireless sensors
 Smart batteries
 Software-defined radio
 Global positioning system (GPS)

10. APPLICATIONS
 Military Environment
 Solider, tank, planes
 Personal area networking
 Cell phone, laptop, ear phone, wrist watches
 Rescue operations(Emergency Services)
 Search and rescue
 Policing and fire fighting
 Meeting rooms
 Sports stadiums
 Boats, small aircrafts
 Civilian environment
 Car network
 Researchers or students on campus (Academic services)
 Free internet connection sharing

11. CHALLENGES
 Restricted wireless transmission range
 Time-varying wireless link characteristics
 Broadcast nature of the wireless medium
 Packet losses due to transmission errors
 Mobility-induced route changes
 Mobility-induced packet losses
 Battery constraint
 Potentially frequent network partitions
 Ease of snooping on wireless transmissions
 Routing
 Quality of services
 Security

12. ATTACKS
MANET SECURITY LAYERS ATTACKS
Application Layer Malicious code ,Repudiation
Transport Layer Session hijacking, SYN Flooding
Network Layer Flooding, Black Hole, Grey Hole, etc
Data Link Layer Traffic analysis and monitoring
Physical Layer Traffic Jamming, Eavesdropping

13. PROS
 No infrastructure
 Mobility
 Decentralized and robust
 Implementation cost is cheaper than wired network
 Ideal for the non-reachable places such as across river or mountain or
rural area
 Ideal for temporary network setups
 Easy to build and spontaneous infrastructure

14. CONS
 Higher error rate
 Lower data rate
 Dynamic topology and scalability
 Routing
 Security and reliability
 Quality of service
 Internetworking
 Power consumption
 Interoperation with the Internet
 Client-server model shift and service loaction

15. ROUTNG PROTOCOLS

16. Continued….
 Routing protocols : It specifies how router communicate with each
other, distributing information that enables them to select routes
between any two nodes on a computer network
 Flat routing :
 Each network is identified identically on a routing table.
 The network identity has no network or subnet structure and cannot be customized
in any way.
 In flat routing protocols all routers sitting on a flat geometric plan.
 Two types of flat routing protocols : Proactive and Reactive
 Proactive routing protocols detects the layout of the network which is in action and
maintains a routing table for every node.
 It can provide good reliability and low latency.
 In reactive routing protocol when the source node requests communication with
other node , only then a route between a pair of nodes is found.
 This is suitable for nodes which transmit data occasionally.
 Flat routing protocols: DSDV, OLSR, AODV,DSR, etc.

17. Continued….
 Hybrid routing :
 It combines the features of proactive and reactive routing protocols.
 Provides higher scalability than proactive and reactive.
 Hybrid routing protocols : ZRP , CGSR,CEDAR etc.
 Geographical routing:
 Uses nodes location as their address
 forwards packets (when possible ) in a greedy manner towards the destination.
 Geographical routing protocols : LAR

18. Conclusion
 MANETs are the network established in an arbitrary fashion.
 Operators in the absence of a fixed infrastructure.
 They can be used to provide network facilities in place where it is not
possible to form a fixed network or where it isn’t cost effective to do
so.
 Although there are numerous benefits of the MANET , due to there
nature , they are vulnerable and not deployable on a large scale
because of the limits of the technology.

19. Bibliography
 Wireless and mobile network- Dr Sunilkumar S.Manvi and
Mahabaleshwar S. kakkasageri , Wiley India.
 Neeraj Verma and Sarita Soni “ REVIEW OF DIFFERENT
ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET ” in International Journal of
Advanced Research in computer science, volume 8, no.3 , March-
April 2017.
 S.Rajeshwari and Y.Venkutaramanu “ A NEW ROUTING
PROTOCOL FOR MANET AD HOC NETWORKS”.
 http://www.it.iitb.ac.in
 www.eexploria.com
 www.slideshare.com