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Clean India
- 3. Waste meansunwanted materials. Waste has been a major environmental problem. We can find waste anywhere in our surroundings since the industrial revolution. Because of the waste many health problems are arising.
- 4. Cleanliness isboth the abstract state of being clean and free from dirt, and the process of achieving and maintaining that state. Without cleanliness hygiene cannot be achieved. Hygiene is a set of practices performed for the preservation of health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.
- 5. Waste createsmany diseases and causes death of many people all across the globe. The rapid growth of world population is responsible for increase in all forms of waste. Therefore maintaining the cleanliness is inevitable.
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- 8. We obtaincoal from underground seams. Oil and gas are also found underground, but as fluids in layers of porous rock. Fuels are used in our day to day life like in the vehicles, in gas cylinders, etc.
- 9. Collect waste500 gms. of polythene bags and cut them in small pieces. Melt the plastics. Add additive to remove impurities. Heat the melted plastic at definite temperature to collect naphta, kerosene, diesel, etc.
- 10. Take twotrays. Add soil Spread a special type of plastic sheet on second tray. Sow the seeds of wheat and fenugreek.
- 11. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 H e i g h t i n c m Days from germination Wheat 1sttray 2nd tray 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 H e i g h t i n c m Days from germination Fenugreek 1st tray 2nd tray GRAPH
- 12. Rate ofevaporation in second tray is reduced therefore the germination was better. The use water is also proper therefore the growth is also better
- 13. The plantsdoes not get adequate oxygen for respiration.
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- 16. Recycling isa process to change (waste) materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials and to reduce energy usage.
- 17. Make glassbanks. Make various departments for various colours of glass. Recycle the glasses.
- 18. Consumption ofenergy is reduced. New things are formed.
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- 21. We shouldcollect all types of papers. We should segregate paper into departments such as inked paper and blank paper also 1 sided used and both sided used. Recycle the paper. Reduce consumption of paper.
- 22. Cutting downof trees will be stopped. Prey predator chain will be balanced.
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- 24. Agricultural wasteis waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes 1. Farms. 2. Poultry houses. 3. Pesticides that enter into water, air or soils. 4. Harvest waste. 5. Fertilizer run- off from fields.
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- 26. Biodegradable wasteis a type of waste which can be broken down, in a matter of weeks or few months, into its base compounds by micro-organisms and other living things, regardless of what those compounds may be. Biodegradable waste can be used for composting or a resource for heat, electricity and fuel by means of inclinator or anaerobic digestion.
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- 28. Chemical wasteis a waste that is made from harmful chemicals.
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- 30. E-Waste isthe term used to describe old, end-of-life or discarded appliances using electricity. It includes computers, consumer electronics, fridges etc which have been disposed of by their original users.
- 31. E-Waste containsLead and Cadmium which can harm people. Radioactive elements can cause severe defects in plants and animals.
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- 33. Toxic wasteis waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.
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- 35. Domestic wastemeans any waste, consisting of combustible materials, such as paper, cardboard, yard clippings, wood, or similar materials, generated in a dwelling, including the real property upon which it is situated, containing four living units or less.
- 36. Day byday the garbage is increasing in various forms. In order to check the spreading of garbage the government has taken some bold steps. But due to lack of planning at domestic level the problem of garbage is becoming severe.
- 37. Making jeansfrom plastic. Making slippers from tyres. Making oil paint from thermocol. Making solar panels from silicon segregated from E-Waste. Taking out genes from pigs instead of cutting their ears and nose. Making mats from waste plastic. Reuse, Recycle, Reduce. Slippers from tyres.
- 38. Making nylonthreads from waste plastic. Making decorative articles from waste. Terrace Garden. Burning of waste. Vermicomposting. Bio Gas.
- 39. Making decorativearticles from waste:- Lamp made from disposal glasses. Plant grown in plastic bottle. Waste plastic transformed into tooth brush holder.
- 40. Composting:- Composting isa method in which organic matter is decomposed and used as fertilizers. At the simplest level, the process of composting simply requires making a heap of wetted organic matter and waiting for the materials to break down into humus after a period of weeks or months.
- 42. Indian Railways(IR),along with Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO) have developed environment friendly Bio-toilets for its passenger coaches. In these bio-toilets, the human waste is treated by bacteria which is benign to the humans. This bacteria converts human waste into water and gases (methane and CO2). The gases escape to atmosphere and treated waste water is discharged after chlorination. Human waste thus does not fall on the tracks.
- 43. They aretime consuming in the case of domestic level. The products created by the waste are not durable. The products created from waste again creates the waste after their use. The gases emitted while burning are harmful for biotic factors.
- 44. Vacuum cleanersare attached at the back of the cars. Similarly with toy cars to clean homes.
- 45. Specialized carscan also be made run on roads to clean roads. Garbage collected can be dumped in the dumping yard.
- 47. To purify gutterwater:- The solid waste from the water of gutter is first removed. Then the liquid waste is collected in a container. From the container it is move to a tank above the ground. In which it is converted into steam with the help of sunlight. By condensing the steam we can get pure water.
- 49. Flappers mechanism:- The plastic will be taken away with the help of these rotating flappers. The flappers are overlapped which makes it more efficient. The flappers get the energy from the windmill installed above. Garbage is collected in the tank adjoining to it.
- 50. The liquidwaste is stored in a tank. It is further goes into a container installed above the ground with the help of a motor. The water which is overflowed is pass out through over flow outlet.
- 51. Container:- Thecuboidal container is made of glass which absorbs heat. The container is painted with black colour which is non reflective. The maximum surface area is concentrated towards the mirror, hence the heat absorbed is more. The container is surrounded vertically by concave mirror. The mirror focuses the rays of sun towards the container. Due to this the water in the container gets converted into steam.
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- 53. Condenser:- Thecondenser converts the steam into water. The potable water is collected into the tank.
- 54. “Environment andpollution” Writer – A.H.Hashmi “Gram Geeta” Writer – Tukdoji Maharaj “Twinkle star” Publisher – Aasawari Shirolkar “Junior Science refresher” Chief Editor- Pritam Singh “Personality Development” M.S.E.C.R.T. Maharashtra State Board of Secondary Education “Climate Change and Energy Policy: Proceedings of the International ...” Writer- Louis Rosen