This document discusses various leadership theories from early 20th century trait theories to contemporary views. It outlines traits believed to make an effective leader such as drive and intelligence. It also describes behavioral theories that identify effective leadership behaviors and styles like democratic and autocratic. Contemporary views discussed include leader-member exchange theory, transformational-transactional leadership, and charismatic-visionary leadership.

1. Managers as Leaders
Chapter-18
©Tanvir Ahmed
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2. Leader & Leadership
• Leader: Someone who can
influence others and who has
managerial authority.
• Leadership: A process of
influencing a group to achieve
goals.
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3. Early readership Theories
• People have been interested since they
started coming together in groups to
accomplish goals. However, it wasn’t until
the early part of the twentieth century that
researchers actually began to study
leadership. These early leadership theories
focused on the leader( leadership trait
theories) and how the leader interact with his
or her group members( leadership behavior
theories).
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4. Trait Theories
1. Drive.
2. Desire to Lead.
3. Honesty and Integrity.
4. Self-confident.
5. Intelligence.
6. Job-relevant knowledge.
7. Extraversion.
8. Proneness to guilt.
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5. Behavioral Theories
• Leadership theories that
identify behaviors that
differentiated effective
leaders from ineffective
leaders.
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6. Autocratic Style
• A leader who dictates
work methods, makes
unilateral decisions and
limits employee
participation.
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7. Democratic style
• A leader who involves
employees in decision
making, delegates authority,
and uses feedback as an
opportunity for coaching
employees.
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8. Laissez–faire style
• A leader who lets the
group make decisions
and complete the work in
whatever way it sees fit.
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9. Fiedler contingency model
• A leadership theory proposing
that effective group performance
depends on the proper match
between a leader’s style and the
degree to which the situation
allows the leader to control and
influence.
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10. Situational Leadership
Theory(SLT)
• A leadership
contingency theory that
focused on follower’s
readiness.
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11. Path-Goal Theory
• A leadership theory that says
the leader’s job is to assist
followers in attaining there
goals and to provide direction
or support needed to ensure
that their goals are compatible
with the goals of the group or
organization.
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12. Exhibit 18-4 (Path Goal Model)
Leader Behavior
•Directing
•Supportive
•Participative
•Achievement oriented
Outcomes
•Performance
•Satisfaction
Environmental
Contingency Factors
•Task Structure
•Formal Authority System
•Work Group
Subordinate Contingency
Factors
•Locus of Control
•Experience
•Perceived Ability
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13. Contemporary Views of Leadership
1. Leader-Member Exchange theory.
2. Transformational-Transactional
Leadership.
3. Charismatic-Visionary Leadership.
4. Team Leadership
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14. Leader-member exchange
theory
• The leadership theory that
says leaders create in-groups
and out-groups and those in
the in-group will have the
higher performance ratings,
less turnover, and grater job
satisfaction.
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15. Transformational-Transactional
Leadership
• Transactional leaders: Leaders
who lead primarily by using
social exchange(or transactions).
• Transformational leaders:
Leaders who simulate and
inspire(transform) followers to
achieve extraordinary outcomes.
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16. Charismatic-Visionary
Leadership
• Charismatic Leader: An enthusiastic,
self-confident leader whose personality
and actions influence people to behave
in certain way.
• Visionary leadership: The ability to
create and articulate a realistic, credible,
and attractive vision of the future that
improves upon the present situation.
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17. Team Leadership Roles
Coach
Liaison with
External
Constituencies
Conflict
Manager
Troubleshooter
Team Leader
Roles
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