Management of field based screening for yield under stress

This document provides guidance on managing field-based screening for rice yield under drought stress. It discusses: 1. Selecting appropriate field locations with similar soil, temperature, and evapotranspiration conditions to the target environment. 2. Preparing the field experiment with good quality seeds, proper plot design, effective borders, repeated checks, and uniform irrigation methods. 3. Carefully monitoring the stress levels during the stress period using tools like tensiometers and measuring soil moisture, rainfall, and plant responses. 4. Properly harvesting and collecting post-harvest data on traits like lodging and pest damage, then thoroughly analyzing the results including calculating heritability and comparing trial means.

Management of field based
screening for yield under stress
Venuprasad Ramaiah
Rainfed Lowland Rice Breeder

A. Selection of location
SE ~ TPE
– Soil type, Temperature, ET similar to TPE
– Season: DS (<380c), WS (rainfall?)
– Rain-out shelter or field
– Water source: good, regular supply, flexibility
• water table
• distance from source
• neighboring trials

Effect of water table
Heritability 0.51
Mean yield 4502 kg/ha

B. Before the experiment
– Good quality seeds
– Design, plot size, reps (to control variability in
field)
– Effective bordering is essential
– regular repeated check varieties
– Irrigation method
– Control trial (well separated)
– Space between trials to avoid seepage (upland
vs lowland)

Variation in soil type at depth, Banfora, 2012

Variation in soil type at depth, Banfora, 2012
~60 m

Sprinkler irrigation in upland, IRRI 2007

C. In the early stages
– Good land preparation
– Levelling
– Seeding
– Uniform irrigation
– Uniform plant stand
– Control pest - weeds, insect, disease
– Birds, rats, ducks
– Fertilizer application

• Initiate stress about a month after
transplanting
• Screening protocol
D. During the stress period

Nonstress
Reliable screening protocol
Tensiometer: -50 Kpa
Soil water depth <70 cm

• Monitor stress level
– Leaf rolling, performance of checks
D. During the stress period

• Always record days to 50% flowering
D. During the stress period

• Monitor stress level
– rainfall (amount & distribution).
– Soil moisture (tensiometer, water depth,
diviner)
D. During the stress period

Tensiometer reading during stress
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
01/Feb
03/Feb
05/Feb
07/Feb
09/Feb
11/Feb
13/Feb
15/Feb
17/Feb
19/Feb
21/Feb
23/Feb
25/Feb
27/Feb
01/Mar
03/Mar
05/Mar
07/Mar
09/Mar
11/Mar
13/Mar
15/Mar
17/Mar
19/Mar
21/Mar
23/Mar
25/Mar
27/Mar
29/Mar
KPa
Date

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
Days after transplanting
Soilwatertension(-kPa)
Soil water tension at 15 cm in trial of irrigated lowland lines
and varieties under lowland stress and full irrigation: IRRI DS
2005

Measuring moisture parameters
-90.00
-70.00
-50.00
-30.00
-10.00
10.00
30.00 15-Feb
22-Feb
29-Feb
7-Mar
14-Mar
21-Mar
28-Mar
4-Apr
11-Apr
18-Apr
Rainfall (mm)
Evaporation (mm)
Ground water depth (cm)
Tensiometer (KPa)
Venuprasad et al. 2009

Moisture level at different depths, Ibadan 2011
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Moisturecontent(%)
Soil depth (cm)
Severe
Moderate
Control

E. Harvest and Post harvest
• Record/rate
– Lodging
– Pest damage: birds, rodent
– Missing plots
– Plant stand
• Early maturing plants. Ex- Vandana
• Harvest all plants in a row + label
• Cloth bag vs. paper bag
• Dry to ~14%
• Thresh & weigh

F. Data analysis
• Inspect the raw data; remove/correct outliers
• Use mixed-model approach
• Calculate heritability
• Compare trial means
• Compare means of checks & parents
• Inspect correlation between days to flowering and
yield
• If needed, use covariate analysis

Results of drought screening
DS 2014 DS 2015
Mean grain yield 130 g/m2 50
LSD 97 30
H 0.72 0.6

Results of drought screening
Grain yield (g/m2)
Entries Site 1 Site 2
Checks
Apo 566.2 11.3
FARO 57 420.4 13.0
FARO 52 223.8 10.1
IR77298-14-1-2-B-10 357.8 14.1
Trial Mean (n=148) 157.4 7.5
LSD 103.2 5.3
H 0.71 0.69

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