Man made disasters

1. MAN-MADE DISASTERS
BY : CHIDANAND

2. “Humans are good at creating
disasters, and throughout history
we’ve rarely been afraid to prove it”.

3. DEFINITION :
•Man-made disasters are the threats
having an element of human intent,
negligence, or error ; or involving a
failure of a human-made system.
•Human causation may be accidental
or intentional

4. TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS
• Sudden disasters : such as Chernobyl disaster and Bhopal
gas tragedy,
Insidious disasters : Chemical and radiation exposure,
global warming

5. SOCIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
• Terrorism : The primary objective of a terrorism is to create widespread fear.
• E.g. : On 11 September 2001 the World Trade Centre in New York City was
destroyed by crashing American airlines and killed 2,752.

6. WORST DISASTERS IN INDIA
Bhopal Gas Tragedy :1984
• Worlds worst man made disaster in which methyl isocyanate gas
was leaked at Union Carbide Pesticide Plant
• More than 20,000 people have been killed till date
• Today, in Bhopal 1,20,000 people are suffering from chronic diseases
like Emphysema, Cancer etc.

7. INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS :
• 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these, 12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
• 68% land is vulnerable to drought.
• 12% land is vulnerable to floods.
• 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
• Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India are also vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters and man-made disasters.
• Northern mountain region prone to land slides, snow–storms , earthquakes
• Eastern coastal area prone to severe floods ,cyclones
• Western desert prone to draughts

8. INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS :

9. WHO WILL WORK ?
• Usually military force, police, BSF, volunteers from other region.
• Disaster management is a specialised training & is provided by
local, state, federal and private organizations.
• Undergraduate and Graduate degrees in disaster management or
a related field are provided. (Disaster Management Institute, Bhopal, M.P and Disaster
Mitigation Institute, Ahmadabad, Gujarat).
• Certified Emergency Manager (CEM) the most important degree.
The National Emergency Management Association and the
International Association of Emergency Managers are two examples
of these professional organizations.

10. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Comprehensive – disaster managers consider and take into account all hazards,
all phases, and all impacts relevant to disasters.
• Progressive – anticipate future disasters and take preventive and preparatory
measures
• Risk-driven – use sound risk management principles (hazard identification, risk
analysis, and impact analysis) in assigning priorities and resources.
• Integrated – ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all
elements of a community.

11. CONTD...
• Collaborative – create and sustain broad and sincere relationships among
individuals and organizations .
• Coordinated – synchronize the activities to achieve a common purpose.
• Flexible – use creative and innovative approaches in solving disaster challenges.
• Professional – value a science and knowledge-based approach for continuous
improvement.

12. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

13. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS :

14. ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA :
FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS DIAL TOLL FREE No.
1070
Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in

15. VOLUNTEERS :
THEY FORM AN IMPORTANT NON-PROFESSIONAL SUPPORTING TEAM IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT.

16. IMPACT & RESPONSE :
• Greatest need for emergency care is in 1st few hours after the impact.
• The management of mass casualties are divided into :
Search and Rescue
First Aid
Field care
Triage
Tagging

17. SEARCH AND RESCUE & FIRST-AID :
• For search and rescue the team should be organised and
work as one. Even with a good team the search may be a
small fraction in major disasters.
• The immediate help is usually obtained from the uninjured
survivors.

18. FIELD CARE :
• The injured people are brought to nearest health care immediately by available means of
transport and people converge into health facilities.
• The hospitals must get ready to deal with mass input of injured with new priorities for bed
availability and surgical services.
• Provision for food, shelter should be done.
• A centre to respond for the enquiries from patient’s relatives and friends.
• Priority is given to :
a. victims identification and
b. adequate mortuary space.

19. TRIAGE :
• It consists of rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of the severity of their
injuries and their likelyhood of their survival with prompt medical intervention.
• The principle of “First come, first serve” is NOT FOLLOWED.
• High priority is given to those whose immediate or long term prognosis can be
changed dramatically with simple intensive care.
• It is the only approach that can provide maximum benefit to large population in a
major disaster.

20. COLOUR CODING IN A TRIAGE :
Internationally
accepted four
colour coding
system :
• Red – High priority
treatment or
transfer.
• Yellow – Medium
priority.
• Green –
Ambulatory
patients.
• Black – Dead or
Moribound
patients.
Triage should be carried out
at the site of the disaster.
Local health workers should
be taught the principles of
triage as a part of disaster
training.
People with minor injuries
should be treated in their
homes to avoid social
dislocation and drain the
resources which are needed
by severely injured person.
All persons should be
tagged with details – name,
age, place of origin, triage,
initial diagnosis and