This document provides information on common antibody markers used in immunohistochemistry, including their typical applications and staining characteristics. It lists several antibodies and their targets, such as Bcl-2 for follicular lymphoma staining cytoplasm, CD3 for T-cells staining membrane, and CD68 staining monocyte/macrophage lineage cells with diffuse or granular cytoplasmic staining. Finally, it provides a brief overview of the purposes of tissue fixation in immunohistochemistry.
Functional analysis of proteomic biomarkers and targeting glioblastoma stem c...Pasteur_Tunis
Présentation de Radovan Komel réalisée durant le cours du réseau international des instituts Pasteur de "Médecine Génomique: du diagnostic à la thérapie " (17-21 octobre 2016)
Dysplastic lipoma
Terminology that acknowledges the cytomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic abnormalities
Positions the tumor midway in the spectrum between conventional lipoma and MDM2 gene amplified atypical lipomatous tumors
Functional analysis of proteomic biomarkers and targeting glioblastoma stem c...Pasteur_Tunis
Présentation de Radovan Komel réalisée durant le cours du réseau international des instituts Pasteur de "Médecine Génomique: du diagnostic à la thérapie " (17-21 octobre 2016)
Dysplastic lipoma
Terminology that acknowledges the cytomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic abnormalities
Positions the tumor midway in the spectrum between conventional lipoma and MDM2 gene amplified atypical lipomatous tumors
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
1. HEADING
Antibody Common Applications Staining Characteristics
Bcl-2 Oncoprotein Follicular lymphoma and soft tissue
tumors
Cytoplasmic
Bcl-6 Follicular lymphoma Nuclear
CD31 Endothelial Cells Predominately cell membrane, with weaker cytoplasmic
staining.
CD3 T-cells, lymphoma/leukemia typing Membrane
CD68, PG-M1,
Macrophage
Histiocytic/monocytic marker Cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage stain diffuse or
granular cytoplasmic. Mast
CD10 Lymphoma typing, metastatic
carcinoma unknown primary
Cytoplasmic and Membrane
CD15 Hodgkin Lymphoma Typing,
mesothelioma vs. adenocarcinoma
Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin’s lymphoma show cell
membrane and granular paranuclear staining.
CDX2 Colon and other GI cancers are strong
& diffusely positive. Also, mucinous
Nucleus in normal and neoplastic intestinal epithelial
cells.
2. Antibody Common Applications Staining Characteristics
CD138 Syndecan-1 Plasma Cells (also stains endothelial cells,
fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and
Cell Membrane, pre-B cell and plasma cell marker,
but is absent from mature B
CD30 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, Hodgkin
lymphoma
Membrane and/or a dot like cytoplasmic staining
CD34 Soft tissue tumor classification, leukemia
typing
Membrane/cytoplasmic
CD99, SEE MIC2
CD117 (c-kit) Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST),
Mast Cells, Stains approximately 75% of
mesenteric fibromatosis tumors.
Membrane and/or cytoplasmic
Cytokeratin, AE1/AE3 Epithelial tumors, hepatoma vs.
adenocarcinoma
Cytoplasmic
C-Myc
CD1a Langerhan cells, thymic T-cells, thymoma Membrane and weakly cytoplasmic
Calcitonin Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cytoplasmic
C-erb-2 (Her2neu)
Oncoprotein
HER-2/neu overexpression for invasive
breast and gastric cancers.
Follow CAP and ASCO guidelines for interpretation.
Laboratory Developed Test (LDT).
3. Antibody Common Applications Staining Characteristics
Desmin Smooth and skeletal muscle differentiation Cytoplasmic, may show a fibrillary aspect.
E-Cadherin Lobular vs. ductal breast carcinoma Cellular membrane, some cytoplasmic
Estrogen Receptor( ERA) Breast carcinoma prognostic marker,
metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary
Nuclear, cytoplasmic is considered nonspecific
Occasional lymphoid tumors and non-lymphoid
neoplasms such as melanomas are labeled. Follow CAP
& ASCO guidelines.
GATA-3 Urothelial carcinoma, breast ductal
epithelium, and transitional cells
Must be nuclear, strong or moderate intensity, and non-
focal in urothelial carcinoma.
HMB-45, Melanosome HMB-45, Melanosome Cytoplasmic. Order DAB or RED
Inhibin, Alpha Adrenal cortical, sex-cord stromal tumors Cytoplasmic
CD45 (LCA) Lymphohematopoetic tumors Membrane, but cytoplasmic may also occur
MyoD1 Rhabdomyosarcoma Nuclear. Results of a study suggest that expression in
rhabdomyosarcomas is inversely related to the degree
of cellular differentiation of the tumor cells.
Myogenin Rhabdomyosarcoma Nuclear. Nuclear e xpression has been reported to be
inversely related to the degree of cellular differentiation
of rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells
4. Antibody Common Applications Staining Characteristics
Melan-A (A103) Melanocyte marker, adrenal cortical, sex-
cord stromal tumors
Cytoplasmic The Melan-A gene is also called MART-1.
Order DAB or RED
Napsin A Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Cytoplasmic
NKX 2.2
Neuron Specific Enolase
NSE
Can be found in virtually any type of
neoplasm
Cytoplasmic. Neurons are labeled in both cytoplasm
and processes.
Prostate Specific
Antigen PSA
Prostate carcinoma Cytoplasmic. Staining is predominantly
intracytoplasmic and secretions are also frequently
stained positively.
PAX-5 B-cell, lymphoma/leukemia typing Nuclear
Progesterone Receptor,
PRA
Breast prognostic marker Nuclear, cytoplasmic is considered nonspecific.
Follow CAP & ASCO guidelines.
P63 Antibody Basal cells in the prostate gland,
myoepithelial cells in breast
Nuclear
p63/CK5/CK14 Stains basal cells of normal and benign
prostate glands, and myoepithelial cells of
breast.
p63 nuclear DAB, CK5/CK14 cytoplasmic DAB.
5. Antibody Common Applications Staining Characteristics
Synaptophysin Neuroendocrine differentiation Cytoplasmic pattern, occasionally revealing a
punctuate or granular pattern
S100 Melanoma, neural marker Cytoplasmic. Order DAB or RED
Thyroglobulin Thyroid carcinomas Staining is confined to the lumen of thyroid
follicles and the apical surface of thyrocytes.
TTF-1, Thyroid
Transcription
Factor 1
Lung & thyroid marker, also some
neuorendocrine
Nuclear
Vimentin Metastatic carcinoma of unknown
primary, sarcomas
Cytoplasmic
Wilms’ Tumor (W
T1)
Wilms’ Tumor, serous carcinoma, & other
tumors
Nuclear
6. Helps to prevent
Elution
Degradation
Modification
Preserves the position of the Ag
Preserves the secondary and tertiary structure to a possible extent
Provides target of Ab molecules
Formaldehyde is the preferred fixative
Most of the Ab available are optimized for use with formaldehyde
TISSUE PREPARATION
1. Fixation
Editor's Notes
PLP- periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde
TEM- Transmission electron microscopy
