HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that infects T-cells and can cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). It is endemic in parts of Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. Worldwide, 15 to 20 million people are infected. HTLV-1 is transmitted sexually, through blood products, or breastfeeding. Only 3-5% of those infected develop leukemia, typically after a long latent period of 40-60 years. The virus has tropism for CD4+ T-cells and the TAX and HBZ viral proteins interact with host cell genes and pathways to stimulate proliferation and inhibit tumor suppression, eventually leading to monoclonal proliferation and leukemia.
This is a lecture on Lymphoma, exploring the different types and subtypes of Lymphomas. It also discusses the epidemiology, stages, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at University Teaching Hospital (UTH), department of Cancer Disease Hospital by Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi (6th year medical student) at Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
This is a lecture on Lymphoma, exploring the different types and subtypes of Lymphomas. It also discusses the epidemiology, stages, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at University Teaching Hospital (UTH), department of Cancer Disease Hospital by Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi (6th year medical student) at Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
Successful, low cost lymphoma treatment india is a type of cancer that begins in immune system cells called lymphocytes- IndianMedGuru is the solution.
A very brief & concise ppt. for HIV... Includes a video from YouTube explaining the Replication cycle of HIV. {actually was a class project ;)}. Hope you people like it.
Here's the link to the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RO8MP3wMvqg
Successful, low cost lymphoma treatment india is a type of cancer that begins in immune system cells called lymphocytes- IndianMedGuru is the solution.
A very brief & concise ppt. for HIV... Includes a video from YouTube explaining the Replication cycle of HIV. {actually was a class project ;)}. Hope you people like it.
Here's the link to the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RO8MP3wMvqg
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1
(HTLV-1)
Epidemiology
First retrovirus involved in human cancer.
HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(ATLL), a tumour that is endemic in
- Certain parts of Japan
The Caribbean basin
South America and Africa
And found sporadically elsewhere, including the United States.
Worldwide, 15 to 20 million people are infected with HTLV-1.
3. Mode of transmission
Human infection requires transmission of infected T cells via
• Sexual intercourse
• Blood products
• Breastfeeding.
Leukemia develops in only 3% to 5% of the infected individuals, typically after a
long latent period of 40 to 60 years.
4. HTLV-1 ONCOGENEIS
The molecular mechanism of ATLL leukaemogenesis by HTLV-1 infection of CD4+ T
lymphocytes is not clear.
Similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, HTLV-1 has
tropism for CD4+ T cells, and hence this subset of T cells is the major target for
neoplastic transformation.
Oncoproteins :
1. TAX - regulates the expression of cellular genes controlling T- cell
replication
2. HBZ (HTLV 1 Basic leucine Zipper factor) – is a transcription factor
5. Oncogenesis process is multifactorial :
TAX viral protein interacts with transcription factor, NF- kB
stimulates genes for cytokines (interleukins) and their receptors in
infected T- cells
which activates proliferation of T-cells by autocrine pathway.
And also inappropriate gene expression activates pathway of the cell
proliferation by :
1. activation of cyclins
2. inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes CDKN2A/p16
and TP53
stimulating cell cycle.
Initially, proliferation of infected T-cells is polyclonal but subsequently
several mutations appear due to TAX-based genomic changes in the host
cell and monoclonal proliferation of leukaemia occurs.
