This document discusses various types of controls used for man-machine communication, including discrete controls for activating equipment or making settings, and continuous controls for applying graduated control. It provides guidelines for control selection, including compatibility with user expectations and stereotypical experiences. Control arrangement and grouping should locate primary controls first and group related controls together. Feedback, size, weight, texture and other factors are also important in control design.

1. MAN-MACHINE
COMUNICATION:

2. CONTROLS : activators
* TRANSMIT INPUTS TO A PIECE OF
EQUIPMENT AND THEY ARE USUALLY
OPERATED BY HAND OR FOOT.
1940’ “K n o b s
s a n d d ia l s
and er a”
1950’
s

3. Control actions:
1.Active or shut down
equipment.
2.Make a “discrete setting”.
3.Make a “quantitative
setting”.
4.Apply “continuous
control”

4. Types of
control
● DISCRETE
● CONTINUOUS

5. DISCRETE
1 .Activation
2. Data Entry
3. Setting

6. CONTINUOUS
3.Quantitative
setting
4.Continuous
control

8. CONTROL SELECTION
❶ The type of control shall be compatible with
stereotypical or common expectations.
❷ Size and motion characteristics of control shall be
compatible with stereotypical experience and past
practice
❸ The direction of operation of a control shall be
compatible with stereotypical or common expectations.
❹ Operations requiring fine control and small forces
shall be done with the hands, while gross adjustments
and large forces are usually exerted with the feet.
❺ The control shall be safe in that it will not be
operated inadvertently or operated in false or excessive
ways.

9. Compatibili
ty of
control-
machine
movement

10. Direction of control movements
Forward Counter
Effect Up Right Clockwise Press Down Left Back clockwise Pull Push
On 1 1 1 1 2 1
Off 1 2 1 2
Right 1 2
Left 1 2
Raise 1
Lower 2 1
Retract 2 2
Extend 1 2 2
Increase 2 2 1 2
Decrease 2 2 2
Open
valves 1
Close
valves 1
Legend: 1 means most preferred, 2 less preferred.

11. Control
actuation
force or
torque

16. 1 O n e d im e n s io n a l
s t e e r in g
2 T w o d im e n s io n a l
s t e e r in g
3 P r im a r y v e h ic le
b r a k in g
4 P r im a r y v e h ic le
a c c e le r a t io n
5 S e le c t io n o f a
t r a n s m is s io n g e a r

17. Arrangement &
grouping of controls
LOCATE FOR EASE OF OPERATION
PRIMARY CONTROLS FIRST
GROUP RELATED CONTROLS TOGETHER
ARRANGE FOR SEQUENTIAL OPERATION
BE CONSISTENT
DEAD-MAN CONTROL
GUARD AGAINST ACCIDENTAL
ACTIVATION
PACK TIGHTLY, BUT DO NOT CROWD

18. FACTORS
IMPORTANT
IN CONTROL
DESIGN

19. FEEDBACK
CONTROL
RESISTANT
SIZE
WEIGHT
TEXTURE

20. FEEDBACK

21. CONTROL
RESISTANCE

22. SIZE

23. WEIGHT

24. TEXTURE

25. 0 SHAPE
0 SIZE
0 TEXTURE
0 COLOUR
0 LOCATION
0 LABELING
0 MODE OF OPERATION
0 REDUNDANCY