IN this ppt I had covered some topics that are sufficient for a paper presentation....I had created this with the HD pic's that will attract the listeners well...... Wishing u all success and all he best
The field of humanoids robotics is widely recognized as the current challenge for robotics research .The humanoid research is an approach to understand and realize the complex real world interactions between a robot, an environment, and a human. The humanoid robotics motivates social interactions such as gesture communication or co-operative tasks in the same context as the physical dynamics. This is essential for three-term interaction, which aims at fusing physical and social interaction at fundamental levels.
Humanoid Robots || PPT || for electronic and electrical engineeringAakash Raj
Introduction
What is a Humanoid Anyway?
History of Humanoid Robot
Why to Develop Humanoids?
Challenges in Humanoids
Human Evolution
Legged Locomotion
Humanoid Robot Applications
Social Aspects
Conclusion
Introduction
Robotics deals with robots
Recent enhancement in robotics - Humanoid robots
Humanoid robots - having human characteristics or form
Resemble human both in appearance and behaviour
“Elektro” is the first Humanoid Robot
History of Humanoid Robot
Integration of scientific and engineering fields, has a social dimension
WASEDA University- leading research sites
First usable robot by HONDA in 1996
HONDA Humanoid robots-brief history
First high profile humanoid robot-Honda’s ASIMO-2000
What is a Humanoid Anyway?
Humanoid refers to any being whose body structure resembles that of a human: head, torso, legs, arms, hands.
But it is also a robot made to resemble a human both in appearance and behaviour.
The difference between a robot and android is only skin-deep, looks exactly like humans on the outside, but with internal mechanics of humanoid robot.
More rational reasons
They can work in human environment without a need to adapt themselves or to change the environment
Our environment and our tools are adapted for us
Why adapt all to robots?
It is easier for a human being to interact with a human-like being
Connect with me or follow me at
https://www.facebook.com/aakash416/
https://github.com/aakash416
https://www.linkedin.com/in/aakash-ra...
https://twitter.com/aakashraj416
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzy-...
https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/1028832...
A humanoid robot is a robot with its body shape built to resemble that of the human body. A humanoid design might be for functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments, for experimental purposes, such as the study of bipedal locomotion, or for other purposes. In general, humanoid robots have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body, for example, from the waist up. Some humanoid robots may also have heads designed to replicate human facial features such as eyes and mouths. Androids are humanoid robots built to aesthetically resemble humans.
Purpose
Humanoid robots are used as a research tool in several scientific areas.
Researchers need to understand the human body structure and behavior (biomechanics) to build and study humanoid robots. On the other side, the attempt to the simulation of the human body leads to a better understanding of it.
Human cognition is a field of study which is focused on how humans learn from sensory information in order to acquire perceptual and motor skills. This knowledge is used to develop computational models of human behavior and it has been improving over time.
It has been suggested that very advanced robotics will facilitate the enhancement of ordinary humans. See transhumanism.
Although the initial aim of humanoid research was to build better orthosis and prosthesis for human beings, knowledge has been transferred between both disciplines. A few examples are: powered leg prosthesis for neuromuscularly impaired, ankle-foot orthosis, biological realistic leg prosthesis and forearm prosthesis.
Besides the research, humanoid robots are being developed to perform human tasks like personal assistance, where they should be able to assist the sick and elderly, and dirty or dangerous jobs. Regular jobs like being a receptionist or a worker of an automotive manufacturing line are also suitable for humanoids. In essence, since they can use tools and operate equipment and vehicles designed for the human form, humanoids could theoretically perform any task a human being can, so long as they have the proper software. However, the complexity of doing so is deceptively great.
They are becoming increasingly popular for providing entertainment too. For example, Ursula, a female robot, sings, play music, dances, and speaks to her audiences at Universal Studios. Several Disney attractions employ the use of animatrons, robots that look, move, and speak much like human beings, in some of their theme park shows. These animatrons look so realistic that it can be hard to decipher from a distance whether or not they are actually human. Although they have a realistic look, they have no cognition or physical autonomy. Various humanoid robots and their possible applications in daily life are featured in an independent documentary film called Plug & Pray, which was released in 2010 it continue.....
Human–robot interaction is the study of interactions between humans and robots. It is often referred as HRI by researchers. Human–robot interaction is a multidisciplinary field with contributions from human–computer interaction, artificial intelligence, robotics, natural language understanding, design, and social sciences.
In this project we have designed a humanoid robot by servo motors as its main motion provider & lithium polymer battery as its main source of power. Aluminum sheets have been used as a building block or body of the robot.
The designed robot is purpose for the assistance & to follow orders as per the instructions given to it by the help of arduino programming language on arduino circuit.
Ultrasonic sensor use for sensing obstruction in the path while walking & then diverting its path to avoid that obstructions.
This project shows the spectacular functions of robot its credibility & efficiency.Robotics is everything in the coming future, a robot can perform all the functions effectively and efficiently as per command given to them.
i used this presentation in my ICT project and i made the video that is in slide 5. it is on youtube and its URL ''http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRQmRPnUTHQ''. please like this video on youtube
This ppt will give you information about space robotics, its applications and how much important role they are doing in day to day life viz; reducing human efforts,pick and place,marketing,etc.
The field of humanoids robotics is widely recognized as the current challenge for robotics research .The humanoid research is an approach to understand and realize the complex real world interactions between a robot, an environment, and a human. The humanoid robotics motivates social interactions such as gesture communication or co-operative tasks in the same context as the physical dynamics. This is essential for three-term interaction, which aims at fusing physical and social interaction at fundamental levels.
Humanoid Robots || PPT || for electronic and electrical engineeringAakash Raj
Introduction
What is a Humanoid Anyway?
History of Humanoid Robot
Why to Develop Humanoids?
Challenges in Humanoids
Human Evolution
Legged Locomotion
Humanoid Robot Applications
Social Aspects
Conclusion
Introduction
Robotics deals with robots
Recent enhancement in robotics - Humanoid robots
Humanoid robots - having human characteristics or form
Resemble human both in appearance and behaviour
“Elektro” is the first Humanoid Robot
History of Humanoid Robot
Integration of scientific and engineering fields, has a social dimension
WASEDA University- leading research sites
First usable robot by HONDA in 1996
HONDA Humanoid robots-brief history
First high profile humanoid robot-Honda’s ASIMO-2000
What is a Humanoid Anyway?
Humanoid refers to any being whose body structure resembles that of a human: head, torso, legs, arms, hands.
But it is also a robot made to resemble a human both in appearance and behaviour.
The difference between a robot and android is only skin-deep, looks exactly like humans on the outside, but with internal mechanics of humanoid robot.
More rational reasons
They can work in human environment without a need to adapt themselves or to change the environment
Our environment and our tools are adapted for us
Why adapt all to robots?
It is easier for a human being to interact with a human-like being
Connect with me or follow me at
https://www.facebook.com/aakash416/
https://github.com/aakash416
https://www.linkedin.com/in/aakash-ra...
https://twitter.com/aakashraj416
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzy-...
https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/1028832...
A humanoid robot is a robot with its body shape built to resemble that of the human body. A humanoid design might be for functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments, for experimental purposes, such as the study of bipedal locomotion, or for other purposes. In general, humanoid robots have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body, for example, from the waist up. Some humanoid robots may also have heads designed to replicate human facial features such as eyes and mouths. Androids are humanoid robots built to aesthetically resemble humans.
Purpose
Humanoid robots are used as a research tool in several scientific areas.
Researchers need to understand the human body structure and behavior (biomechanics) to build and study humanoid robots. On the other side, the attempt to the simulation of the human body leads to a better understanding of it.
Human cognition is a field of study which is focused on how humans learn from sensory information in order to acquire perceptual and motor skills. This knowledge is used to develop computational models of human behavior and it has been improving over time.
It has been suggested that very advanced robotics will facilitate the enhancement of ordinary humans. See transhumanism.
Although the initial aim of humanoid research was to build better orthosis and prosthesis for human beings, knowledge has been transferred between both disciplines. A few examples are: powered leg prosthesis for neuromuscularly impaired, ankle-foot orthosis, biological realistic leg prosthesis and forearm prosthesis.
Besides the research, humanoid robots are being developed to perform human tasks like personal assistance, where they should be able to assist the sick and elderly, and dirty or dangerous jobs. Regular jobs like being a receptionist or a worker of an automotive manufacturing line are also suitable for humanoids. In essence, since they can use tools and operate equipment and vehicles designed for the human form, humanoids could theoretically perform any task a human being can, so long as they have the proper software. However, the complexity of doing so is deceptively great.
They are becoming increasingly popular for providing entertainment too. For example, Ursula, a female robot, sings, play music, dances, and speaks to her audiences at Universal Studios. Several Disney attractions employ the use of animatrons, robots that look, move, and speak much like human beings, in some of their theme park shows. These animatrons look so realistic that it can be hard to decipher from a distance whether or not they are actually human. Although they have a realistic look, they have no cognition or physical autonomy. Various humanoid robots and their possible applications in daily life are featured in an independent documentary film called Plug & Pray, which was released in 2010 it continue.....
Human–robot interaction is the study of interactions between humans and robots. It is often referred as HRI by researchers. Human–robot interaction is a multidisciplinary field with contributions from human–computer interaction, artificial intelligence, robotics, natural language understanding, design, and social sciences.
In this project we have designed a humanoid robot by servo motors as its main motion provider & lithium polymer battery as its main source of power. Aluminum sheets have been used as a building block or body of the robot.
The designed robot is purpose for the assistance & to follow orders as per the instructions given to it by the help of arduino programming language on arduino circuit.
Ultrasonic sensor use for sensing obstruction in the path while walking & then diverting its path to avoid that obstructions.
This project shows the spectacular functions of robot its credibility & efficiency.Robotics is everything in the coming future, a robot can perform all the functions effectively and efficiently as per command given to them.
i used this presentation in my ICT project and i made the video that is in slide 5. it is on youtube and its URL ''http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRQmRPnUTHQ''. please like this video on youtube
This ppt will give you information about space robotics, its applications and how much important role they are doing in day to day life viz; reducing human efforts,pick and place,marketing,etc.
Types and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by dayHarikrishna Bala
This gives us the details of the different types and Evolution of the robots in the entire world by using the artificial intelligence for different purposes and details the importance of the different robots which are currently existing ..
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. Humanoid Robotics
•WTF is Humanoid Robotics?
•Why is it so popular?
•What are Advantages/
Disadvantages?
•Where are we going with it?
3. What is it?
Robots that look like or
mimic people
Like an android?
Humanoid refersto any
being whosebody structure
resemblesthat of ahuman:
head, legs, arms, hands.
It resembles ahuman both
in appearance and
behavior.
4. Characteristics of Humanoids
Self-maintenance
Avoiding harmful situationsto people, property
and itself
Safeinteracting with human beingsand the
environment
Legged locomotion
Arm control and dexterousmanipulation
5. History of the Humanoid
Robot
Karel Capek coins the term
“Robot” – 1921
1930’s to 70’s: theory of
humanoid shapes, electronics,
and movement.
Not until 1970’s until a practical
autonomous Robot of this type
Boom in development from
1980 to present
6. WABOT-1 (1970~1973)
Waseda University
The first fun-scale humanoid
robot developed in the
world
Able to communicate in
Japanese and measure
distances and directions to
objects using external
receptors, artificial ears and
eyes, and an artificial
mouth
7. WABOT-2 (1980~1984)
Waseda University
Plays keyboard
Not as versatile, considered
“specialist”
Able to read sheet music
and play it
8. Further Development
1985 - Hitachi’s WHL-11
(walking 13 s/step)
1986-1991 - Honda’s E series
1989 - Pacific Northwest
Laboratories' Manny (42
degrees of freedom)
Present day: Honda, Hitachi,
Military intuitions, NASA
compete with designs
9. Why the popularity?
Looks and feels more
“Human”
Easier for integration in
applied role
Can perform some tasks
better
Good in science fiction
(especially Eastern
Anime)
Looks cool
10. Advantages
Performs some tasks better
Self interacting
They look likehuman
They arestronger and tough
They do not complain
They cannot beexhausted
They perform operationscool
11. Disadvantages
It hard to implement
It little-bit complex with every
function
Terrible at performing tasks
suitable for wheels (landscape
or high speeds)
Technology (gyros, advanced
servo designs)
Not trustworthy
12. ASIMO- Honda’s heavy hitter
$1million a unit
Can go up stairs
Run 6km/h
Carry 1kg
51.8v Lithium-ion
30 mins endurance
13. HRP-4C
Sings and Dances
Androidish/ Gynoid
Demonstrates human
Movement/speech
14. NASA and General Motors Robonaut 2
Intended for space
Designed to work
side by side with people
Can carry 15kg
Wheel chair design
/mounted platforms
15. Where’s the limit?
Large advancements in both interest and
technology
Competitions between large corporations
Can do many tasks that were once near
impossible to implement (play soccer?)
Still a ways off from popular sci-fi films like
Terminator or I Robot
16. Latest version
Honda's new
Asimo robot can
run, jump and
sign
It change its
actions
depending on
what happens
around it
17. The future
ASIMO may serve as another set of
eyes, ears, hands and legs for all
kinds of people in need.
Someday ASIMO might help with
important tasks like assisting the
elderly or a person confined to a
bed or a wheelchair.
ASIMO might also perform certain
tasks that are dangerous to humans,
such as fighting fires or cleaning up
toxic spills.
18. conclusion
Robotics and automation will offer great
benefits to humanity In the future.
Robotics and automation enables great
advantage for people to do works in a
short period.
Defending the country, creating new
machines, operating with robots.
Therefore, the technology is developing
rapidly and people should benefit from
technology’s opportunities.