Social and preventive pharmacy

1. TITLE : POVERTY AND HEALTH.
Presented By :
NAME : SUSMITA GHOSH.
COURSE : B.PHARM.
YEAR :4th . SEM : 8th
ROLL : 19301920115
SUBJECT NAME : SOCIAL AND
PREVENTIVE PHARMACY
SUBJECT CODE : PT818
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2. INTRODUCTION
Poverty and Poor Health are inevitably related to each other worldwide. It has
been seen globally that reasons of poor health for million individuals are
rooted in political , social and economic injustices. Poverty is responsible
for the cause as well as the consequence of poor health because poverty
increase the chances of poor health.
Thus , poor health traps communities in poverty. Millions of poorest and
vulnerable people die or become weak every year due to infectious
diseases.
Poverty leads to severe health consequences. Population living under
poverty is prone to immature death and various forms of disability as
they are exposed to greater risk from unhealthy conditions at home
and at workplace.
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3. POVERTY
Poverty may be defined as the lack of basic necessities of human.
Poverty is due to lack of resources , material and non – material like :
Health care , education , housing , nutrition , clothing , clean water ,
knowledge , culture , income etc.
Poverty is the worst problem in India , when people are distressed due to
basic everyday things that we daily take for permit (granted) like money ,
clothes , food and shelter.
Poverty is the major problem for sociologist. Poverty was once examined as a
social problem and sociologist carried out research to understand this
problem and try to provide solution to solve the problem of poverty.
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4. Types Of Poverty
Poverty is mainly of two types :
1. Absolute Poverty.
2. Relative Poverty.
ABSOLUTE POVERTY
Absolute poverty may be defined as the situation where family income is
inadequate to buy basic things of life.
Example : Shelter , Clothing , Food , Health care and Education.
People in absolute poverty inclined to fight to live and experienced a lot of
child deaths from preventable disease.
So , Absolute Poverty is a state of severe deprivation of basic human needs.
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5. RELATIVE POVERTY
According to relative poverty , the economic conditions of different countries
and regions is compared.
Relative Poverty is defined as economic imbalance in location or society in
which people live.
Relative Poverty is usually in relation to other members and families in the
society.
Example of Relative Poverty : A family can be mentioned poor if family
cannot afford vacations , or cannot buy any presents for children at diwali ,
holi or any other festivals.
So , Relative Poverty is a economic inequality in location in which people
live.
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6. Causes Of Poverty
1. Unemployment.
2. Lack of education.
3. Large scale import.
4. Moral Culture.
5. Overpopulation.
6. Inequalities Of Income.
7. Inflationary Rise in Price.
8. Low rate of economic development.
Unemployment
Unemployment is the worst problem in India which increases the poverty.
Unemployment is bad and leads to loss of income / output and feeling of
hopelessness.
“Unemployment may be defined as the person who is able and ready to work
yet is unable to find a well-playing or good job.”
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7. Causes Of Unemployment
 Jobless growth.
 Education system.
 Rapid population growth.
 Disorder.
Lack Of Education
Lack of textbooks in school library.
Poor lecturer or lesson prepared teacher.
Lack of school facilities and equipment.
Ruined classrooms.
Large Scale Import
In India raw materials has to import for industry , in India if we decrease
import and started own supply chains from our country’s natural resources
then people will have better chance to earn.
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8. MORAL CULTURE
Moral culture also play very important role to increase the poverty. Moral
culture means social unfairness , dishonesty and irresponsible behavior of
people.
Today’s time everyone is trying to earn money to become rich by using unfair
work. A shopkeeper is ready to get whole money from the pocket of
customer.
OVERPOPULATION
Poverty is leading to cause of overpopulation. Overpopulation in India is a
crude fact. Due to overpopulation people who are unable to collect two
times food on regular basis , do not stop from giving birth to babies.
Street children simply grow up without adequate food facilities and education
due to over population.
These above factors increase the poverty.
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9. EFFECTS OF POVERTY ON HEALTH
The main effect of poverty is reverberation through various layers of a
citizen’s life. If we try to have a systematic look at them , we should move
under the following three heads :
1. Effects on Society.
2. Effects on Health.
3. Effects on Economy.
Effects On Society
Poverty apply some seriously concerning effects on the overall societal health
as well. There are some points given below:
a. Homeless.
b. Child labor.
c. Stress.
d. Crime rate and violence.
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10. EFFECTS ON HEALTH
One of the most destructive effects that poverty has is on the overall health of
the country.
The most important health problem stemming from poverty is malnutrition.
Insufficient income in big families leads to lack of access of sufficient
nutritious food for their children . These children after some time suffer
from various health issues like mental problem , low body weight ,
weakness , physical problem etc.
EFFECTS ON ECONOMY
Poverty is a direct index indicating success of the economy of the country.
The number of population living unde4r the poverty threshold indicates
whether the economy is powerful enough to generate sufficient jobs and
facilities for its people.
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11. HEALTH HAZARDS OF POVERTY
1. Communicable Disease :
a. Water – borne disease.
b. Food – borne disease.
c. Respiratory disease.
d. STI’s including HIV’s.
2. Non – Communicable Disease :
a. Malnutrition.
b. Anaemia.
c. Vitamin and mineral deficiency.
3. Social Problem :
a. Drug addiction.
b. Alcoholism.
c. Antisocial behavior : beggary , violence , terrorism , etc.
4.Mental Problems : Depression , loneliness , suicidal tendency , etc.
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12. Important Steps To Decrease Poverty
There are some important points for decreasing the poverty. These are :
1. Increase the employment opportunities.
2. Encouraging self plans and strategy.
3. Fulfill the primary needs of the people like food and clean
drinking water.
4. Improvement of the subsidy rates on commodities and Public
Distribution System (PDS) should be made.
5. All facilities of health centers should be provided by the
government.
6. Free educational facilities like books , bags , dress and fee etc.
7. Promoting awareness regarding birth control.
Below Poverty Line (BPL)
Its defined as a cut-off line of per capita monthly income , below which it is
not possible to purchase food as to obtain minimum desirable limit of
energy ; 2400kcal per person per day in rural areas.
2100kcal in urban areas.
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13. REFERENCES
1. Kosey.S , Nagdev.S , Budhrani.A , Social And Preventive Pharmacy ,
Nirali Prakashan , 3rd edition , 2022 , p(3.3-3.4)
2. Dr. Sing.N , Dr. Dwivedi .S , Dr. Rageeb , A Textbook Of Social And
Preventive Pharmacy , Pee Vee Publication , 2019 , p(31-32)
3. The World Bank , August 25 , 2014 , Poverty and Health , 14.01.2023 ,
https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/brief/poverty-health.
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