Management is the art of securing maximum results with a minimum of effort so as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the best possible service.
~John Mee
Cord prolapse is a frightening and life-threatening event that occurs in labor. Rapid identification and immediate appropriate response may well save the life of a neonate. Therefore, clinicians should be knowledgeable in its recognition and management.
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Proposed Int' Relief Organization Template to address socio-economic challenges and improving livelihoods of individuals, communities and regions as a whole.
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
An investigation of the proportion of unintended pregnancies and associated f...Gwinyai Masukume
The following presentation by fourth year medical students (as presented on October 27th 2007) won a prize in the best young presenter category at the University of Zimbabwe Annual Medical Research Day.
Management is the art of securing maximum results with a minimum of effort so as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the best possible service.
~John Mee
Cord prolapse is a frightening and life-threatening event that occurs in labor. Rapid identification and immediate appropriate response may well save the life of a neonate. Therefore, clinicians should be knowledgeable in its recognition and management.
Infections of the Genital Tract - Part IHelen Madamba
Lifted from the CDC STD Treatment Guidelines 2015, this is a discussion of infections affecting the vulva, such as infections of the Bartholin's gland, ectoparasites and infections presenting as vulvar ulcers. This was a lecture delivered to an audience of second year medical students at the Cebu Doctors University College of Medicine.
Proposed Int' Relief Organization Template to address socio-economic challenges and improving livelihoods of individuals, communities and regions as a whole.
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
An investigation of the proportion of unintended pregnancies and associated f...Gwinyai Masukume
The following presentation by fourth year medical students (as presented on October 27th 2007) won a prize in the best young presenter category at the University of Zimbabwe Annual Medical Research Day.
Epidemiological aspects of maternal and child healthnew 3Sinmayee Kumari
"maternal and child health refers to the promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care for mothers and children"
this topic is very essential for all the health care personnel
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Malkanagiri_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Mayurbhanj_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Sudipta Naskar
A study on Ante-natal care utilization by the mothers in Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital done by the 3rd Professional (Part I) M.B.B.S. students of Calcutta National Medical College under the guidance of the teachers of Community Medicine.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Angul_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Suman Biswas
An Observational, Descriptive, Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study was done in Postnatal Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata. Mothers admitted in postnatal ward of Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital were asked questions in a structured interview basis and the medical records were collected and reviewed from the department after taking proper informed consent with the guidance of the Department of Community Medicine of Calcutta national Medical College and hospital, Kolkata, India. The field work was done actively by me and my group of fellow medical students in between May and June of 2013.
The results were presented as a PowerPoint slide in the department of Community Medicine and they were submitted in the hospital for further evaluation and implementation. It was a part of MBBS medical graduation program.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Nabarangpur_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
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Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdf
Male involvement in child upbringing
1. Men and women’s knowledge and practices relating
to pregnancy and post-natal care: a cross sectional
study from Bungoma County, Kenya
Elegant Hotel, Bungoma
30th April 2019
2.
3. Background
• Estimated that SSA registers about 13000 daily
deaths of mothers, newborns
and children
• Almost nine deaths every minute (Kinney et al.
2016)
• MMR in Kenya is 362/100,000 live births(MOH;
2015, KDHS 2014).
• Bungoma County neonatal mortality rate 31 per
1000 live births (National- 22/1000)
4. • Global Maternal deaths in 2015 were 303,000
• Out of these, 66% were from SSA, followed by South
Asia which contributed 22% (Alkema et al., 2015)
• By 2030, the global MMR to be less than 70 maternal
deaths per 100,000 live births (WHO, 2015)
• Countries should have less than 140 deaths
• Delays in seeking care for emergency obstetrics
emergency a major contributor of high MMR
• Birth preparedness can reduce delay in care seeking
(Thaddeus and Maine, 1994)
5. Importance of Male involvement in Pregnancy
• Involvement of men in maternal health programs has been
associated with improved maternal health outcomes
(Yargawa et al,. 2015)
• Males are important decision-makers
• key to preparations for birth and in case of an emergency
• Studies have shown that some women’s access and
utilization of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services
depends upon their partners (Dudgeon&Inhornon, 2004;
Misrah et al.,2010; Alio et al.,2011; Nyandieka et al., 2016)
6. Model for fathers’ involvement during pregnancy
Based on the Lamb’s
theory of paternal
involvement in
childhood (1987).
The model
conceptualizes the 4
components of a
proposed framework
for paternal
involvement during
pregnancy.
Source: Alio et al., 2013
7. Methods
• Embedded in a larger intervention, ‘Collaborative Newborn
Support Project’(Gitaka et al., 2018).
• Descriptive cross-sectional design
• 82 males and 348 mothers from Bungoma County.
• Mothers were recruited at reproductive health units (ANC
and PNC) and Maternal and child health clinics
• Questionnaire based on the JHPIEGO birth preparedness
and complication readiness tool (JPHIEGO, 2004).
8. Male involvement outcome variables
Father’s knowledge of post-natal danger signs
Father’s knowledge of neonatal danger signs
Father accompanying wife to ANC during recent
pregnancy
Father reporting the woman’s most recent
delivery occurring in a healthcare facility.
9. Father’s knowledge of neonatal danger signs
• Only half of the men knew the neonatal danger signs
• 90.2% think that a man should not be involved in child
care
• 100% are aware that the wife attended Ante natal clinic
but only 3.9% had escorted the wives to ANC.
• Prata etal.,2009, has reported that parents are taught
danger signs during ANC visits
• 81% had never discussed the choice of the health care
provider with their partners
10. Factors associated with father’s self-reported knowledge of
obstetrics danger signs
• Knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy can eliminate the first level
of delay (Alam, 2005)
• More than half had knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy and
delivery(53.7% and 50% respectively)
• 49 men(59.8%) had no knowledge of post natal danger signs
• Dunn et al., 2011 in Muhoroni, 75% of the males had knowledge of
danger signs
• Furaha et al.,2015, in Rufiji, Tanzania, only 34.6% had knowledge of
one obstetrics danger sign
• Olugbenga et al., 2019, reported poor knowledge of post partum
11. Unadjusted OR (95%
CI)
P-value Adjusted OR
(95% CI)
P-value
Age (years)
<30
≥30
1.00
0.45 (0.17-1.22) 0.117
1.00
0.42 (0.09-1.82) 0.243
Highest level of education completed
Primary school
Secondary school or greater 1.00
0.63 (0.22-1.74) 0.368
1.00
0.25 (0.07-0.95) 0.042
Wife’s age (years)
<25
≥25
1.00
0.47 (0.18-1.24) 0.129
1.00
0.70 (0.18-2.67) 0.598
Wife’s highest education level
completed
Primary school
Secondary school or greater
1.00
2.08 (0.82-5.28) 0.122
1.00
3.45 (1.09-
11.28)
0.036
Monthly household income (Ks)
<10,000
≥10,000 1.00
1.06 (0.36-3.17) 0.913
1.00
1.56 (0.43-5.69) 0.504
Factors associated with fathers accompanying their wife to antenatal care
during her most recent pregnancy
12. Things that a woman can do to prepare for birth
50.6
21.2 21.2
17.1
30.7
11.7
35.4 32.9
7.9 6.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
%
%
Birth Preparedness
13. Male knowledge of danger signs
Knowledge of danger signs
during delivery
5050
%
Knowledge of danger signs
during postnatal period
40.2
59.8
Sales
Yes
No
14. Father’s knowledge of neonatal danger signs and
accompanying their wife to antenatal care.
• All the males were in support of ANC for their wives.
• Only 3 men (3.6%) said that they always accompanied
their wives always to ANC while 40 (48.8%) had never
• Education level, income levels and knowledge of danger
signs were significantly associated with accompanying
the wife.
• Fathers who reported knowing neonatal danger signs
had a 3.34 (95% CI: 1.35-8.27) fold increased odds of
accompanying their wife.
15. ANC AttendanceNo. %
Yes 320 96.4
No 12 3.6
<4 times 199 60.9
>4 times 128 39.1
ANC Attendance
16. Knowledge of Neonatal signs
Males Mothers
Poor breastfeeding, or not able to 34.2 66.1
Fast breathing 19.5 44.8
Severe chest in-drawing 4.8 6.3
Hypothermia 2.4 9.2
Fever 43.9 79.3
Difficult to
wake/lethargic/unconscious
12.2 25.3
Pustules on the skin 7.3 12.7
Severe umbilical infection 12.2 17.2
Jaundice 12.2 15.5
Congenital abnormalities 19.5 20.7
17. Unadjusted OR
(95% CI)
P-value Adjusted
OR (95%
CI)
P-value
Age of mother (years)
<25
≥25
1.00
4.44 (2.83-
6.96)
<0.001
1.00
1.67 (0.50-
5.62)
0.408
Mother’s highest level of education
completed
Primary school or less
Secondary school or greater
1.00
4.84 (3.07-
7.63)
<0.001
1.00
5.65 (1.88-
17.04)
0.002
Husband’s age (years)
<30
≥30
1.00
2.41 (1.35-
4.28)
0.003
1.00
0.92 (0.26-
3.29)
0.900
Husband’s highest education level
completed
Primary school or less
Secondary school or greater
1.00
2.26 (1.29-
3.97)
0.005
1.00
0.72 (0.22-
2.39)
0.592
Factors associated with mother’s self-reported knowledge
of neonatal danger signs
18. Monthly household income (Kshs)
<10,000
≥10,000 1.00
5.92 (3.22-
10.87)
<0.001
1.00
4.35 (1.74-
10.88)
0.002
Time to health care facility from
home
≤30 minutes
>30 minutes
1.00
0.60 (0.39-
0.92)
0.020
1.00
0.47 (0.21-
1.08)
0.075
Gravidity
Primigravida
Multigravida
1.00
3.70 (2.34-
5.89)
<0.001
1.00
4.66 (1.52-
14.36)
0.007
Age at first pregnancy
<18
≥18
1.00
8.99 (4.80-
16.83)
<0.001
1.00
3.24 (1.00-
10.52)
0.050
Shared decision making for health
service seeking between mother and
husband
No
Yes
1.00
3.25 (2.06-
5.13)
<0.001
1.00
1.43 (0.61-
3.36)
0.417
19. Birth preparedness
• Less than half (49.1%) had saved money
• 41.7% had prepared on the transport
• 71.3% had identified the place of delivery
• Only 39.1% had more than 4 ANC visits
• Mothers who attend antenatal care at least four times
during pregnancy have a 5.20 (95% CI: 2.38-11.39) fold
increased odds of delivery in a healthcare facility times.
This is in agreement with the study by Urassa et al., 2012
in Tanzania
20. Male knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy
17.5
65
5
25
2.5
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
%
%
21. • In our study, there were no factors which were
significantly associated with knowledge of obstetrics
danger signs.
• Pembe et al.,(2009) in Tanzania, Hailu & Berhe (2013)
in Ethiopia noted no association with economic status.
• This was unlike in Uganda where Kabakyenga et al.,
(2011), noted that economic status was significantly
associated with knowledge of obstetrics danger signs
22. Mother’s birth preparedness outcome variables
Mother’s self-reported knowledge of neonatal danger
signs
Attended antenatal care at least 4 times during the
most recent pregnancy
The mother’s most recent delivery occurred in a
healthcare facility
23. Age of the mothers
%
<18 5
18-25 67.4
>18 7.6
85
226
26
<18
18-25
>18
24. Conclusions/Recommendations
Almost all fathers reported certain perceptions of a
husband’s role in maternal and newborn health
However this was not reflected in their practices.
Shows low awareness of maternal danger signs.
This compares with other study with the same results
(other parts of the world (Furaha et al., 2015, Tokhi et
al., 2018;, Rahman et al., 2018, Olugbenga et al., 2019)
Education and income significantly influenced male
involvement
There is need to give more health education on the need
for them to be involved in the birth process
25. Conclusion/Recommendations
• Mothers in households with a monthly income greater
than or equal to 10,000 Kshs have a 4.35 (95% CI: 1.74-
10.88) fold increased odds of reporting knowledge of
neonatal danger signs
• Mothers who have had two or more pregnancies have a
4.66 (95% CI: 1.52-14.36) fold increased odds of
reporting knowledge of neonatal danger signs,
compared to those in their first pregnancy.
• The study shows lack of preparedness in many areas.
• Most programs focus on women alone
• It is necessary to put measures that encourage male
involvement