This document discusses malaria, its signs and symptoms, and compares it to typhoid and dengue fever. It presents a case study of a 25-year-old man with complaints of fever, headache, and muscle pain who is diagnosed with malaria based on his symptoms and blood smears. Differential diagnoses of typhoid and dengue are considered based on their characteristic symptoms. Another case of a 23-year-old man with dengue is described based on his high fever, bleeding, low platelet count, and response to treatment.

2. Malaria

3. Signs of malaria
• Enlarged liver or enlarged spleen.
• Malaria blood smears taken at 6 to 12 hours
intervals confirms the diagnosis.

4. Symptoms of malaria
• Anemia
• Chills
• Jaundice
• Coma
• Convulsions

5. • Fever
• Headache
• Jaundice
• Muscle Pain
• Nausea
• Sweating
• Vomiting

6. Case history
 A 25 years old man student.
 Lives in area of low vicinity.
 Comes to hospital with complaints of
malaise, myaglia, headache and fever of
4 days duration.
 He had an abrupt onset of coldness and
chills followed by 1 hour, later by a high
fever, headache, nausea and vomiting.

7.  The episode of chills and fever lasted
about 24 hours after which he became
asymptomatic.
 Fever: 103 F
 WBC count: 3300 cells/mm3
(4-11000cells/mm3)
 Abdominal pain

8. Differential diagnosis

9. malaria Typhoid
• Intermittent fever • Enteric fever
• Abdominal pain is in the left • Abdominal pain is in the overall
upper quadrant. belly.
• Headache is usually acute and
lasts for the whole duration of • Headache is usually dull.
illness.

10. dengue

11. Symptoms of
dengue
•The time between the exposure and onset
of symptoms ranges from 3 to 14 days, but
most often it is 4 to 7 days.
• Fever
• Headache
• Myalgia ( Muscular or bone pain)

12. • Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Increased sensation to touch
• Change in taste sensation
• Red and white patchy rashes
• Bleeding from gums and nose
• Decrease in platelet count (Thrombocytopenia)

13. Case history
 A 23 year old man
 Comes to hospital with high grade
fever, vomiting, severe back
pain, body pain, bleeding from gums
and nose
 Total platelet count: 69000 per
microlitre
(150,000-450,000 per microlitre)

14.  He was treated with dextrose solution
with multivitamin
syrup, Paracetamol, Dompreidone and
papaya juices.

15. references
 Medicinenet.com
 Pubmed.com
 Sciencedirect.com
 WHO.com
 Medicineplus.com
 eHow.com
 Medicinehealth.com