This document discusses purposive sampling for key informant interviews. Purposive sampling relies on the researcher's knowledge of the field and targeted audience. The researcher outlines needed information and seeks individuals with relevant qualities. While this limits generalizability, it allows for detailed interviews and efficient data collection. Challenges include difficulty representing a larger population and finding enough key informants. A case study used purposive sampling to access economically disadvantaged rural mothers, gaining valuable data despite inability to generalize. The document prompts discussion of research projects suited for purposive sampling and whether inability to generalize is prohibitive.
Explains the different methods of Sampling with diagram. In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. Statisticians attempt for the samples to represent the population in question.
Explains the different methods of Sampling with diagram. In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. Statisticians attempt for the samples to represent the population in question.
Sampling design, sampling errors, sample size determinationVishnupriya T H
This presentation contains census and sample survey, implications of a sample design, steps in sample design, criteria of selecting a sampling procedure
Sampling Design is a process of obtaining information from a subset (sample) of a larger group (population) (webster 1985). This presentation is a partial fulfillment for a requirement for PA 298 Research for Social Science under Dr. Maria Theresa P. Pelones.
Sampling design, sampling errors, sample size determinationVishnupriya T H
This presentation contains census and sample survey, implications of a sample design, steps in sample design, criteria of selecting a sampling procedure
Sampling Design is a process of obtaining information from a subset (sample) of a larger group (population) (webster 1985). This presentation is a partial fulfillment for a requirement for PA 298 Research for Social Science under Dr. Maria Theresa P. Pelones.
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Sampling for Quantities & Qualitative Research Abeer AlNajjar.docxanhlodge
Sampling for Quantities & Qualitative Research
Abeer AlNajjar
1
Population
Target group (universe in texts)
Census (to study every member of a population)
because measuring every member of a population usually is not feasible most researchers employ a Sample
Sample ( a subgroup of the population)
2
Communication researchers are interested in a population (also called a universe when applied to texts) of communicators, all the people who posses a particular characteristic, or, in the case of those who study texts, all the messages that share a characteristic of interest.
The population of interest to researchers (often called the target group) might be members of a business, communication majors at a university, all students at a university, all people living in a city, all eligible voters in a country.
Texts ( editorials published in a specific newspaper for a week, or a large universe such as every editorial published In every newspaper in the UAE, or even larger such as all persuasive messages).
The best way to generalize to a population is to study every member of a population (Census)
If every member is studied, we know, by definition, the population’s response at the point in time the study was done
Sample
The results from the sample are then generalized back to (used to represent) the population
Representative sample ( population validity)
Its similarity to its parent population
3
The results from the sample are then generalized back to (used to represent) the population). For such generalization to be valid (demonstrate population validity), the sample must be representative of its population. That is, it must accurately approximate the population.
Types of sampling
Random sampling (probability sampling)
Involves selecting a sample in such a way that each person in the population of interest has an equal chance of being included
Nonrandom sampling (nonprobability sampling)
Is what ever researchers do instead of using procedures that ensure that each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected
Sampling error
Is a number that express how much the characteristic of a sample probably differ from the characteristics of a population
5
There are 2 different types of sampling procedures, and differ in terms of how confident we are about the ability of the selected sample to represent the population from which it is drawn
Random sampling (probability sampling)
Involves selecting a sample in such a way that each person in the population of interest has an equal chance of being included
By giving everyone an equal chance , random sampling eliminates the danger of researchers biasing the selection process because of their own opinions or desires. By eliminating bias, random sampling provides the best assurance that the same characteristics of the population exist in the sample, and, therefore, that the sample represents the population.
Nonrandom sampling: it sometimes is .
Respond to at least two of your classmates postings. BERTHA.docxpeggyd2
Respond to at least two of your classmates' postings.
BERTHA'S POST:
Greetings, Everyone
The differences in types of data of the three venues of descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative are that the descriptive research method is when no theory exists, this theory lessens the hypotheses. The qualitative research method is when there is an attempt to obtain access to the adjective or personal experience. The quantitative research method is when there is a gain of adjective understanding, feelings, or meaning (Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2017). The anticipated outcome when using the descriptive research method is to make observations to generate a reasonable statement with the given observations. The anticipated outcome for the qualitative research method is not to deny the importance or the existence experience, but to make sure that the interpretations of the method will have descriptive credibility. The quantitative research method is to make sure that people consider their feelings (Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2017).
The descriptive research method venue utilizes the narrative and observation as a data source by using the meaning of the data to build a theory. This will allow the making of theory and allowing the theory to be testable. This is the key within the chain of the scientific process (Monette, Sullivan & DeJong, 2017). The advantages and disadvantages of each research venues are the advantage of the descriptive research method venue to be able to obtain probable theorem based on the observations without a remaining theory. The disadvantage of the qualitative research methods venue is that the researcher gains the opportunity to put themselves in the other person's shoes and attain the perspective and experience of the research.
Bert
References
Monette, D., Sullivan, T. & DeJong, C. (2017). Applied social research (9th ed). Retrieved from
https://content.ashford.edu
MARKAYLA'S POST:
Research is prominent to the delivery of human services and to the people who are responsible for carrying out those services. There are different types of research. One of the frequently used researchers in human service is descriptive research. Descriptive Research is the discovery of facts or to describe reality. Descriptive Research focuses on questions like “How widespread is substance abuse”. Descriptive Research questions can be very extensive of the massive amount of information. Another research is quantitative research which is the scientific method of observation to gather non numerical data. Qualitative Research refers to meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics symbols, and metaphors. Some examples of Qualitative research can be a diary account, any open ended questions, and documents. Qualitative Research s methods using objective measurements, statistical mathematical or numerical, analysis of data, polls and questionnaires.
The differences in the types of data is the type of informati.
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3. SAMPLING SENSE
• Sampling is an area of qualitative research
that is overlooked (Marshall, 1996)
• Sampling causes confusion because of the
complex definitions & numerous variations
of types (Marshall, 1996)
• Sampling is key to designing effective and
applicable qualitative research (Marshall, 1996)
4. PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
• Purposive sampling relies on the
researchers’ knowledge of the research
field and connection with the targeted
audience (Barratt, Ferris, & Lenton,
2015)
• The researcher outlines the information
needed for the project (Tongco, 2007)
• The researcher seeks out the individuals
that poses certain qualities that allow
them to provide the information needed
(Tongco, 2007)
5. OPPORTUNITIES
• Unlike quantitative research, qualitative allows for less
emphasis on a large popular size and more on extracting
meaningful data from a source (Onwuegbuzie and Leech,
2007)
• Small sample sizes allow for detailed and intense interviews
with key informants (Onwuegbuzie and Leech , 2007)
• Utilizing purposive sampling encourages efficient data
collection and the researcher has control over the
recruitment process (Mammen & Sano, 2012)
6. CHALLENGES
The main problem associated with utilizing purposive
sampling in research methodology is that it decreases
the studies ability to represent a larger population.
A study by Barratt, Ferris and Lention (2015) found
that when using purposive sampling, their results
could not be used to estimate behaviors in a wider
population or have the ability to make strong
quantitative inferences.
Purposive sampling allows the choice of a specific
population, but finding key enough informants with
the key requirements may pose as a challenge.
7. CASE STUDY
Gaining Access to Economically Marginalized Rural Populations:
Lessons Learned from Nonprobability Sampling
The study found that the purposive sampling
method contributed significantly to the
knowledge base on rural, low-income
families.
The study did mention the drawback of the
inability to generalize this information to a
greater population due to the purposive
sampling method.
(Mammen & Sano, 2012)
A study utilized purposive sampling as one their methods
to access rural areas of the United States who
demonstrate persistent poverty rates.
The purposive sampling technique allowed access to
economically disadvantaged, rural mothers with a broad
range of lived experienced who were considered to be full
of information.
The study chose to access their specific population
through local organizations such as Housing Authority,
food pantries and survival centers. If one area of interest
did not generate enough participants, they simply moved
to the next.
8. LET’S DISCUSS
• Can you think of types of research projects
that would benefit from purposive sampling
when identifying key informants?
• As a CDE student preparing to perform
research, do you feel that the inability to
apply your research findings to a larger
population base, would cause you to not
choose purposive sampling?
• Do you believe that the case study identified
was correct in choosing purposive sampling
in the methodology? If not – what type of
sampling should they have chosen?
9. REFERENCES
Barratt, M., Ferris, J., & Lenton, S. (2015). Hidden populations, online purposive sampling, and external validity:
Taking off the blindfold. Field Methods, 27(1), 3-21. 10.1177/1525822X14526838 Retrieved
from http://resolver.scholarsportal.info/resolve/1525822x/v27i0001/3_hpopsaevtotb
Marshall, M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family practice, 13(6), 522-526.
Mammen, S., & Sano, Y. (2012). Gaining Access to Economically Marginalized Rural Populations: Lessons Learned
from Nonprobability Sampling. Rural Sociology, 77(3), 462–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-
0831.2012.00083.x
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). A call for qualitative power analyses. Quality & Quantity, 41(1), 105-121.
Tongco, M. D. C. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany Research and
applications, 5, 147-158.