Making connections claims and evidence
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The document discusses identifying claims and evidence in texts. It explains that a claim is something an author argues is true, and evidence is information provided to support the claim and convince the reader of its truth. Analyzing an author's claims and evidence can help evaluate and understand texts. It provides strategies for identifying claims and evidence, such as identifying the author's claim, scanning for evidence, and looking for words that signal claims and evidence.
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Evaluating an Argument
1. Claim
Debatable statement- forms main point of argument.
What do you think?
State the claim
Is the claim a logical conclusion based on the reasons, evidence and warrants? Is the claim a logical fallacy?
2. Reasons
Arguments that support the main claim.
“Because clauses…”
Why do you think so?
State the Reasons
Do the reasons directly relate and support the claim? Logical fallacies?
3. Evidence
Personal experience, facts and statistics that support sub-claims.
How do you know you’re right?
State the Evidence
How does the evidence support the reasons and claim? Errors in logic?
4. Warrants
Usually unstated – connects the evidence and reasons to the claim. Why do you think your Reasons support your Claim?
State the Warrants -
Do the warrants follow logically to the claim? Errors? Flaws?
5. Logical Fallacies
Common Mistakes in thinking that may lead to wrong conclusions or distort evidence.
Is the argument built upon flawed thinking?
Identify Logical Fallacies
How do the fallacies distort the argument?
Evaluating an Argument
Using the five parts of an argument
Part 1 – Claim [who should do what?]
What is the “debatable statement” that forms the main point of the argument?
What does Camel “think?”
“X” asserts that __________
Part 2 – Reasons [because clauses]
Why should one accept the claim?
Reasons are statements that, taken together, give readers a basis for accepting the claim.
Camel asserts that ___________ should __________ because ________________ and _________________.
Part 3 – Evidence
[How do you know your reasons are true?]
How does the arguer know she is right?
Sources of evidence: personal experiences,
Outside authorities, facts, studies, statistics, etc.
Evidence is not debatable – its interpretation is!
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company encourages smokers to choose Camel Cigarettes because more doctors choose Camel cigarettes, Camel uses “rich, full-flavor” tobacco, and Camel cigarettes are soothing to a smoker’s throat and taste buds.
Evidence – Doctor Survey (113, 597 were surveyed)
What persuasive appeal is being used here?
Part 4 Warrants (unstated assumptions)
Why do you think your Reasons support the Claim?
Each reason has its own warrant:
Choose Camels because:
1. More doctors chose Camels in a national survey – Assumption _________________
2. Camel uses costlier tobacco – Assumption _________________________________
3. T-zone: Taste and Throat “proving ground” Assumption _______________________
Part 5 – Look for Logical Fallacies
See Bedford p. 180-181
Evaluate the Argument
1. Are the warrants logical?
2. Does the evidence support the reasons and claim?
3. Is the claim a reasonable conclusion to draw from the evidence?
4. How would you rate the effectiveness of this argument?
ENG 101
Evaluating an Argument
Overview – Choose an opinion you currently hold – one that is not a central value in your life, but an opinion that you tacitl ...
Research and discussion paper
- The document outlines an assignment for students to research a contentious question in groups. They will analyze arguments for and against the question, write a paper presenting each side and reaching a conclusion.
- The class will be divided into groups that will each research a different question. Individual roles within each group include the main writer for each section, an editor-in-chief, a data editor, and a summarizing editor.
- The paper will include an introduction providing context, separate sections outlining arguments for and against, and a conclusion comparing the evidence and stating which position is stronger. Guidelines are provided for writing each section.
Persuasive Essay
A persuasive essay attempts to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint using sound reasoning and evidence. It follows several key steps: choosing a clear position on an issue, researching the topic thoroughly through various sources to find specific evidence, and structuring the essay to present the evidence in a logical order. A strong persuasive essay will be well-informed, have a debatable thesis, disprove opposing arguments, and support its position using facts, statistics, expert quotes, and concrete examples from responsible sources.
Dean R Berry Debate: I Am Not Going to Your Gay Wedding
The document provides guidance for students to analyze a persuasive text titled "I Am Not Going to Your Gay Wedding." It instructs students to identify the author's claim, evaluate the evidence and reasoning used to support the claim, and determine if the argument is logical or contains fallacies. The document also discusses how an author's tone and use of emotionally charged language can manipulate readers.
Dean r berry persuasive arguments i am not going to your gay wedding
Dean r berry persuasive arguments i am not going to your gay weddingRiverside County Office of Education
The document provides reading strategies for analyzing persuasive texts. It discusses looking for the author's claim, evidence to support the claim, and reasoning. Good evidence includes facts, data, examples, and avoiding logical fallacies. The summary should be in 3 sentences or less.Peggy, 2017.03.13
This document provides guidance on writing an argument to support a claim using clear reasons and evidence. It instructs students to develop an initial claim by activating their background knowledge on a topic from sources like readings. As an example, it provides two potential claims for debate: whether teachers should be replaced by robots. Students are prompted to provide evidence from sources to support one of the claims. They are also instructed to include warrants to explain how the evidence supports the claim and convince readers. Finally, students should include a counterargument by considering an alternative perspective and rebutting it.
Dean R Berry Debate: Assisted Pro and Con
The document is an analysis of a persuasive text arguing that laws should protect vulnerable groups from assisted suicide. It discusses evaluating arguments in persuasive texts by identifying claims, evidence, and reasoning. Readers should look for logical fallacies, irrelevant evidence, and whether claims are supported. The document provides examples of different types of evidence like statistics, testimony, examples, and analogies that could support arguments. It also discusses how to annotate a text and take notes to critically analyze persuasive arguments and identify strengths and weaknesses.
Dean R Berry Evaluation of Claims: Success Traits
The author analyzes an article that claims three traits drive success: a superiority complex, insecurity, and impulse control. The article cites statistics showing certain cultural groups in America have high levels of economic success. These include Indian-, Iranian-, Lebanese-, and Chinese-Americans earning higher incomes than average. Mormons also hold top corporate positions disproportionate to their population. Jews account for a large percentage of positions like Supreme Court justices despite being a small portion of the population. The author argues these traits can be applied to individuals, cultural groups, and nations like the U.S. to understand what drives success.
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Writing - Claims & Evidences (Argumentative Paper Part 1)
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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- 1. Making Connections: Skills and Strategies 1 Identifying Claims and Evidence Pages 2-5
- 2. If someone makes a claim,they argue that something is true.
- 3. To support the claim they need to give evidence = information to make you believe what they say is true.
- 4. Analysing writers’ claims and evidence will help you: to evaluate texts to understand texts
- 5. Pause this presentation and read pages 2-3 (examples and explanations)
- 6. Some strategies to identify claims and evidence:
- 7. 1. Identify the writers claim
- 8. 2. Scan text for evidence
- 9. 3. Question yourself as you read
- 10. 4. Look for words that signal evidence prove according to in fact is reported that shows point out statistics show reveal
- 11. 5. Look for words that signal claims consider according to insists asserts contends believes it is clear that argues
- 12. 6. Look for compare and contrast words although despite however likewise similarly
- 13. Now practice identifying claims and evidence • Quiz • Skills practice 1 & 2