This document provides an overview of maize (corn) production, industries, and market analysis in Pakistan. It discusses the scientific classification of maize, its origin and history, production technologies used in Pakistan, and its composition and various uses. The largest industries that use maize are the textile, food, and feed production industries. Maize is used to produce starch, oil, gluten, and fiber which are key inputs for these industries. The textile industry is currently the largest consumer of maize starch in Pakistan.

1. Subtitle

2. PRESENTED BY:
UMAIR AHMED
15-Arid-4327

3. CONTENTS
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Scientific Classification
Origin and History
Introduction
Production Technology
Composition
Uses
Maize Industries
Market Analysis

4. CONT…
Starch Industry
Maize Processing Units
Textile Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Food Industry
Paper Industry
Feed Production Industry
References
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5. MAIZE (Zea mays)
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
• KINGDOM PLANTAE
• ORDER POALES
• FAMILY POACEAE
• SUBFAMILY PANICOIDEAE
• GENUS ZEA
• SPECIE Z. mays
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6. ORIGIN AND HISTORY
• Corn plant is indigenous to America and principle food grain of
native Americans
• It was domesticated 8000 years ago
• For western civilization, the story of corn began in 1492 when
Columbus's men discovered this new grain in Cuba.
• Archeological evidence of corn's early presence in the western
hemisphere was identified from corn pollen grain considered to
be 80,000 years old obtained from drill cores 200 feet below
Mexico City
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7. INTRODUCTION
 Highest yielding cereal crop in the World
 3rd most grown crop in the World
 3rd largest grown cereal crop in Pakistan
 4th largest grown crop in Pakistan
 Rich source of starch, vitamins, proteins and minerals
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8. INTRODUCTION
World production 600 million metric tons
World area 118 million hectare
Total Pakistan area 1 million hectare
Total production 3.5 million metric tons
Contribution of different provinces to total area
1. Punjab 39%
2. KPK 56%
3. Sindh 5%
4. Balochistan 3%
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9. Production Technology

10. SOIL AND CLIMATE
• Maize is adapted to wild variety of soil and
climate
• Well drain heavy soils with high organic
matter content and good water holding
capacity.
• pH 6.5—7.5
• Temperature for flowering more than 10 c°
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11. SEEDBED PREPARATION
• Fine and compact bed needed
• Land is loosened 20 to 25 cm deep
through ploughing or disking 2–3
times
• Planking
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12. SOWING TIME
Maize is planted in two seasons
1. Autumn
First weak of February up to first week of March
2. Spring
Last week of July to mid of august
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13. SEED RATE AND VARIETIES
SEED RATE:
 12—15 kg per acre (for drill sowing)
 8—10 kg per acre (for bed sowing)
• Hybrid verities
Corn—8288
NK—8001
X—2276
Monsanto– 6525
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14. SOWING METHOD
• Maize can be sown on flat soil as well as ridges
For ridge sowing
75 cm apart ridges are made with ridger
Choka method or manual sowing is practiced
For flat sowing
Automatic tractor drawn drill or hand drill with 75
cm distance between rows is used
Thining is done after 10—15 days of emergence
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15. SOWING METHOD……
Plant to plant distance 20—25 cm
Plant population should be 70—75 thousand per
hectare
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16. FERTILIZATION
NPK @ 150—100—100 kg per hectare respectively
All phosphorus & potassium and half Nitrogen side
dressed
N is added in two splits first at knee height second at
tasseling
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17. IRRIGATION
• Requires frequent irrigation
• Irrigation 10—15 days intervals
• Drought will reduce yield
• Moisture stress at critical stages can reduce
yield up to 40%
• Total irrigations
6—9
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18. HARVEST AND STORAGE
• Harvested when moisture content
of grains are 20—25 %
• Hand operated or powered maize
shellers can be used
• Store at moisture content 15%
• Temperature for storage 20—25 c°
• Humidity 30—50 %
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19. COMPOSITION OF MAIZE
 Starch 60-72%
 Moisture 11-15%
 Crude Protein 9-10%
 Oil 4-5%
 Cellulose 2%
 Ashes 1%
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20. USES OF MAIZE
Its flour is used For
• Making breads
• Noodles
• Confectionery
• Custards (thicking agent)
• Jellies (thicking agent)
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21. USES……
An unleavened bread called makai ki roti is a popular
bread eaten in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.
•Edible oil
•Levulinic acid (used as ingredient in anti freeze)
• plastic and fabrics are made from corn stocks
•Ethanol used as biomass fuel
•Corn silk used as herbal supplements
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22. MAIZE INDUSTRIES
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23. MARKET ANALYSIS
 There are various industries in Pakistan
which consume starch and other maize
based products
 Due to multiple use of starch, its
demand is rapidly growing.
 The largest consuming industry of starch
is Textile Industry.
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24. STARCH INDUSTRY
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25. STARCH INDUSTRY
 maize crop categorized as cereal having 72%
starch in the grain.
 Maize starch is employed in the manufacture of
asbestos, ceramics, plastics, oil and
pharmaceutical industries
 derivatives of maize starch included glucose or
corn syrup, corn sugar and industrial alcohol
which are employed in different industries.
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26. CONT………
 Starch is widely used in textile, paper, paper
board, soap, cosmetics, leather rayon industries
 Current annual utilization of maize in starch
industry. 0.300 Million T.
 Maximum, potential utilization by year 2005
0.350 Million T.
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27. MAIZE PROCESSING UNITS
 Presently there are 6 main maize processing units
having a total installed milling capacity of 136500 tons
 Rafhan Maize Products, Faisalabad
 Glaxo Lab Lahore
 Pakistan Corn Products
 Swat Corn Products
 Maize Products, Gujranwala
 Fauji Corn Complex Jahangira
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28. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
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29. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
 Textiles industry is the largest industry in terms
of investment in Pakistan
 It contributes one fourth to industrial value
added and employs around 40 per cent of
industrial labour force in the country.
 Of all the starches available commercially,
maize starch best fulfills the requirements of
sizing in weaving units
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30. CONT……
 The existing demand of starch for textile
industry is 53,934 tons
 Fabrics prepared from maize starch used in
window shades and in binding for books
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31. PHARMACEUTICAL
INDUSTRY
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32. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
 Maize starch is used as binder or disintegrating
agent in tablets
 Corn Silk possess many potential benefits i.e.
provides anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory
properties, manage blood sugar, lower blood
pressure, reduce cholesterol etc
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33. FOOD INDUSTRY
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34. FOOD INDUSTRY
 Dextrose anhydrous is generally manufactured
from starch, basically maize starch
 Dextrose is used in manufacturing of:
 ice cream,
 confectionary,
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35. CONT…
 dairy products,
 carbonated beverages,
 canned fruits,
 jams
 jellies
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36. CONT…
CORN OIL
 Corn oil contains linoleum acid and oleic acid
as the main fatty acids.
 It is used for margarine, cake and biscuit
making as well as for greasing of backing pans
etc
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37. CONT….
CORN GLUTEN
 It is a by-product of the industrial processing
of corn, with specific properties.
 It is rich in vitamins, essential amino acids
 Play significant role in growing poultry
 It can be used as an additive for spices
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38. CONT…
CORN FIBER
 It is a byproduct of the industrial processing of
corn
 Corn fiber is mainly rich in cellulose, but also in
mineral matters, vitamins and fats
 Valuable ingredient in cattle feed
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39. PAPER INDUSTRY
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40. PAPER INDUSTRY
 Maize starch is widely used in surface sizing
 increases the strength of the paper
 It also increases the stiffness of the paper.
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41. FEED PRODUCTION
INDUSTRY
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42. FEED PRODUCTION INDUSTRY
 Maize is best for converting vegetable protein into animal
protein
 The use of maize in poultry and livestock feed industry is
restricted because of the availability of other cereal i.e. wheat
and rice (broken) comparatively at lower prices
 Present use of maize grain for poultry feed production per
annum: 0.450 Million Tons
 Possible demand for maize grain (if use of wheat and rice
banned): 0.8-1.0 Million Tons
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43. REFERENCES
 http://www.amis.pk/files/PrefeasibilityStudies/SMED
A%20Maize%20Starch%20and%20Related%20Products.p
df
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32053221
6_Agro-Industries_in_Pakistan
 https://www.slideshare.net/umair13996/maize-
production-technology
 http://www.pakissan.com/english/allabout/maize/pr
oduction.technology.shtml
 http://agronomysocietyofpakistan.yolasite.com/reso
urces/Production%20technology%20of%20Maize.ppt
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