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Research Basics The Paper The Grammar Checklist Useful Sites Digital Tools Case Study
Expert Talk: Pre-Ph.D. Course Work at BDCE
Research Centre
Dr. R.S.Mangrulkar, www.rsmangrulkar.com
June 15, 2017
Expert Talk: Pre-Ph.D. Course Work at BDCE Research Centre

Outline of Talk
1 Research Basics
2 The Paper
3 The Grammar
4 Checklist
5 Useful Sites
6 Digital Tools
7 Case Study

Well-written papers are read, remembered, cited. Poorly
written papers are not. I
To write well, you need a design
The Market Need
The answers help you decide the length, the level of detail, the
style,What is the purpose of the document?,Who will read it? How
will the reader use it?

written papers are not. II
The Concept. Good writing starts with a plan

written papers are not. III

The Concept Sheet
Structure your thinking

The Concept Sheet
Devise a tentative title for the paper and write it at the top

The Concept Sheet
Devise sensible section headings

The Concept Sheet
Think of things that might be relevant to the section

The Concept Sheet
Think of things that might be relevant to the section
Think both longitudinally and laterally

The Concept Sheet

The Paper I
TITLE : Meaningful and brief
ATTRIBUTION : The names of the authors, with all initials;
the Institute or organization, with full address
THE ABSTRACT : Try for one sentence each on motive,
method, key results, conclusions
Things to be avoided
The reader of an Abstract has been lured by the title. He or she
now want to know whether to read on. Tell them, in as few
sentences as possible, what they will ﬁnd. No waﬄe, no spurious
details.

The Paper II
INTRODUCTION:
Major Content
What is the problem and why is it interesting?
Who are the main contributors?
What did they do?
What novel thing will you reveal?

The Paper III
METHOD
1 Experimental paper: equipment, materials, method
2 Modelling paper: assumptions, mathematical tools, method
3 Computational paper: inputs, computational tools, method
What....
Explain what is especially diﬀerent about your method.
Give suﬃcient detail that the reader can reproduce what you did.
Build up a reference list as you go

The Paper IV
RESULTS : Present the output of the experiments, model or
computation
What is expected
Report your results simply, without opinion or interpretation at this
stage
Define all symbols and units.
Present data in a form other people can use.
Give emphasis in the text the most important aspects of the
tables, graphs or figures.
Give error-bars or confidence-limits for numerical or graphical data
: Statistics should be meaningful; avoid confidence-eroding
statements
Aim for a concise, economical style.

The Paper V
DISCUSSION:
What is expected
Extract principles, relationships, generalisations.
Present analysis, model or theory.
Show relationship between the results and analysis, model or
theory.

The Paper VI
CONCLUSION:
What is expected
Draw together the most important results and their consequences.
List any reservations or limitations.
Warning
The reader scanning your paper will read the Abstract and the
Conclusions, glance at the Figures and move on.
Do not duplicate the Abstract as the Conclusions or vice versa.
The Abstract is an overview of the entire paper. The Conclusions
are a summing up of the advances in knowledge that have emerged
from it.
It is acceptable to present conclusions as a bullet-pointed list.

The Paper VII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Thank people who have helped
you with ideas, technical assistance, materials or ﬁnance.

The Paper VIII
REFERENCES
What to do
Cite signiﬁcant previous work.
Cite sources of theories, data, or anything else you have taken from
elsewhere.
References must be complete: name, initials, year, title, journal,
volume, start-page and ﬁnish-page.
What is expected
References tell the reader where an idea, prior results and data
have come from.
It is a conventional courtesy to reference the originators of key
ideas or theories or models, even if you modify them.

The Paper IX
FIGURES AND TABLES
1 Flow charts show methods, procedures.
2 Graphs plot data from tables.
3 Schematics show how equipment works, or illustrate a
mechanism or model.
4 Drawings and photographs illustrate equipment,
microstructures etc.

The Paper X
Whats is Expected
Anyone scanning your paper will look at the figures and their
captions, even if they do not read the text. Make each figure as
self-contained as possible, and give it both a title (on the figure
itself) and an informative caption (below it). Make sure that the
axes are properly labelled, that units are defined and that the
figure will tolerate reduction is size without becoming illegible.
Label each curve of graphs.
APPENDICES
1 Essential material that would interrupt the flow of the main
text.
2 place for tedious but essential derivations, or for data tables or
descriptions of procedures.

The Paper XI
3 should be well structured and stand by itself.

The Paper XII
REVISE and REWRITE
1 Revising is part of writing.
2 Do not be afraid to write the ﬁrst draft with the simple aim of
getting all the facts down on paper.
3 You can then see what you have got, and can extract, revise,
and distil a paper, a conference report or a research proposal
from it, as needed.

The Paper XIII
TIPS
1 Do not overstate, over emphasise or apologise
Tips
All of these undermine the readers confidence in your judgment. This
very important result, This significant finding are better replaced by the
simpler This result and This finding Leave the reader to decide on
importance and significance.

The Grammar
Parts of Speech
Sentence Structure
Phrases and clauses
Compound sentences
Complex sentences
Spelling
Punctuation

Style I
Style is approached through plainness, simplicity, good
structure and desire to convey information to the reader in the
most accessible way
Use simple language and simple, concise construction; short
words rather than long; familiar words, not obscure.
DO Not WAFFLE

Style II
Example
The selection of the proper material is a key step in the design
How to write a paper, process because it is the crucial decision
that links computer calculations and the lines on an engineering
drawing with a real or working design . What does it say?
“Materials selection is important”, and we knew that already. It is
wasting the readers time.

Style III
Define everything : Define all symbols and abbreviations.
Avoid weak qualifiers: very, rather, somewhat, quite..
Example
This very important point .. makes less impact than: This
important point .. or, more simply: This point .. The agreement
with theory is quite good suggests that it is not.
These ideas could rather easily be extended to the non-linear case ..
makes the reader wonder why you did not do it.

Style IV
Minimise the use of acronyms and abbreviations.
Example
The MEM, analysed by FE methods, was photographed by SEM
and chemically characterised by SAM.
Avoid jargon. Jargon is the secret language of the ﬁeld.
Example
Some jargon is unavoidable new concepts sometimes need new
words.

Style V
Good ﬁrst sentence.
Example
From a review article on the elastic properties of materials
Uttensio, sic vis. As it is stretched, so it resists. With these words
Robert Hooke enunciated in 1674 the law of elasticity that bears
his name
The quotation nicely suggests the history and introduces the
subject.

Checklist for Monitoring

Useful Web Sites and Material I
Grammar Checking Tools
1 www.grammarly.com
2 www.grammarcheckforsentence.com
3 www.grammarcheck.net
4 www.gingersoftware.com
5 www.onlinecorrection.com
6 www.online-spellcheck.com
7 www.polishmywriting.com
Useful Software for Academic Writer
1 Docear-The Academic Literature Suite. This free open source
tool helps you organize, create and discover academic
literature. http://www.docear.org/
2 citavi : reference management, knowledge organization, and
task planning solution. www.citavi.com

Useful Web Sites and Material II
3 Reference Management, Research Network, Datasets, Careers,
Funding www.mendeley.com
4 Synonyms, Antonyms www.powerthesaurus.org

Useful Web Sites and Material III
Digital tools for researchers
1 Google Scholar: Provides a way to broadly search for scholarly
literature across disciplines and sources.
2 CiteUlike : Search, organize, and share scholarly papers.
3 Literacy Tool : The Scientiﬁc Literacy Tool is an educational
web-platform helping curious people discover, understand, and
explore scientiﬁc contents.http://literacytool.com

Digital tools for researchers I
Digital tools for researchers
1 Mendeley : You can put your research data online today with
Mendeley Data www.mendeley.com
2 Google Scholar : Provides a way to broadly search for scholarly
literature across disciplines and sources.
3 CiteUlike : Search, organize, and share scholarly papers.
4 Literacy Tool : The Scientiﬁc Literacy Tool is an educational
web-platform helping curious people discover, understand, and
explore scientiﬁc contents. http://literacytool.com

Digital tools for researchers II

Digital tools for researchers III
www.ugc.ac.in to ﬁnd the approved journals ny ugc

Publication Pyramid
1 http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html
2 https://royalsociety.org/journals/
3 http://www.scirp.org/journal/wjet/
4 http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php/category=2210
5 International Journal
6 National Journal
7 International Conference
8 National Conference

Two Main Academic Literature Collections: Web of
Science and Scopus Databases
to know which databases are equally efficient and objective for
literature searches.
two most extensive databases are Web of Science and Scopus.
to know which databases are equally efficient and objective for
literature searches.
A Journal Citation Reports subscription gives you a
systematic, objective means to evaluate the worlds leading
scientific and scholarly journals.
http://clarivate.com

Web of Science Vs. Scopus
WOS from Thomson Reuters (ISI) was the only citation
database and publication which covers all domains of science
for many years.
Elsevier Science introduced the database Scopus in 2004 and
it is rapidly become a good alternative.
WOS and Scopus are expensive products and it may not be
feasible to obtain both of them.

Indexing and Managing Citation I
The impact factor (IF) is a measure of the frequency with
which the average article in a journal has been cited in a
particular year. It is used to measure the importance or rank
of a journal by calculating the times it’s articles are cited.
Refer for finding journal and impact factor according to your
subject of interest http://www.scimagojr.com
Two Terms H-Index and I-Index
The h-index is a well known metric for assessing the
researchers scientific effects.

Indexing and Managing Citation II
For measuring h-index, the publication records of an author,
the number of papers published during the selected number of
years and the number of citations for each paper are
considered.
h index corresponds to a scientist’s h of his/her N papers that
have been cited at least h times each, while the rest of the N
papers have less than h citations each.
i10 index refers to the number of paper with 10 or more
citations.

General Steps I
1 The author writes research document.
2 The author submit the article to editor of academic journals
(sometimes through conference management tool).
3 The academic editor selects one or more reviewers and sends
them the article.
4 The reviewers judge the article and advise the academic editor
on acceptances.
5 The academic editor decides to accept the article, with or
without changes, or to reject it.
6 On acceptance, the probably revised article is sent over to the
publisher.

General Steps II
7 The publisher processes the article.
8 Although the author can obtain galley proofs (laser printer
output), in some cases the publisher sends the page proof
(phototypesetter output) to the author.
9 The publisher a technical editor or a copy editor applies ﬁnal
correction to the article.
10 The article is included in the journal issue, either printed
and/or electronic, and the issue is distributed.

First Attempt for Publication in Security and
Communication Networks I

First Attempt for Publication in Security and
Communication Networks II

Successful attempt in Inderscience Journal I

Successful attempt in Inderscience Journal II

Successful attempt in Inderscience Journal III

Successful attempt in Inderscience Journal IV

Successful attempt in Inderscience Journal V

Successful attempt in Inderscience Journal VI

Plagiarism Detection Software I
iThenticate Plagiarism Detection Software
iThenticate is the leading provider of professional plagiarism
detection and prevention technology used worldwide by
scholarly publishers and research institutions to ensure the
originality of written work before publication.
iThenticate helps editors, authors and researchers prevent
misconduct by comparing manuscripts against its database of
over 60 billion web pages and 155 million content items,
including 49 million works from 800 scholarly publisher
participants of Crossref Similarity Check.

Plagiarism Detection Software II

Sample Ithenticate Report I

Sample Ithenticate Report II

Sample Ithenticate Report III

Sample Ithenticate Report IV

Sample Ithenticate Report V

Sample Ithenticate Report VI

Sample Ithenticate Report VII

Sample Ithenticate Report VIII

Thank you...
Contact:
Dr. Ram Mangrulkar
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Engineering
D.J. Sanghvi College of Engineering, Vile Parle (W)
Mumbai
Ex-Head of Computer Enginnering Department
Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering
Sevagram, Wardha.
Email: ramchandra.mangrulkar@djsce.ac.in
Mob: +91-9975017387.
“A Journey with Happiness..Not for Happiness ”

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