Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body without using ionizing radiation. An MRI scan can be used to diagnose diseases and conditions, monitor treatment, and check for cancer recurrence. During an MRI scan, the patient lies inside the MRI machine, which is a large ring with a central opening. The patient must remain still during the 20-90 minute scan to prevent blurry images. Precautions are taken for any metal objects and some patients may receive an IV contrast agent or medication to improve image quality. A radiologist analyzes the images and sends a report to the referring doctor.

1. Magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI) and
MRI Scan
PREPARED BY
MARTIN SHAJI
PHARM D

2. Diagnostics and therapy MRI (magnetic resonance
imaging) scans – INTRODUCTION
▪ An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) makes use of a big magnet,
radio waves, and computer systems to provide high-quality detailed
pictures of inside body parts. The MRI scan doesn't cause any pain.
Patients don't really feel the magnetic field or radio waves.
▪ Doctors use an MRI to look at the brain, backbone, joints (knee,
shoulder, hip, wrist, and ankle), abdomen, pelvis, breasts, blood
vessels, heart, and different elements of the body. MRI scans can be
used to help diagnose disease, including cancer, to monitor
treatment progress and monitor remission in sufferers who've
accomplished their treatment.

3. ▪ The MRI doesn't include ionizing radiation.
Highlighter can be utilized to enhance the quality of
the images.
▪ MRI machines use strong magnetic fields and radio
waves (radiofrequency energy) to create pictures.
During an MRI scan, the affected person is placed
inside a strong magnetic field. Then radio waves are
sent from a transmitter/receiver contained in the
machine and received from it to examine the part of
the body being studied, and these signals are used
to create digital pictures of the area that have been
examined.

4. What happens during an MRI scan? - PROCEDURE
▪ An affected person in an MRI position for her leg with a pediatric life
specialist and two MRI technologists.
▪ A typical MRI takes 20 to 90 minutes, depending on which a part of
the body is being imaged.
▪ The MRI appointment begins by registering the arrival of the affected
person and his father at the registration office and waiting to be
referred to as for an examination. It is essential that you just arrive
minutes before your appointment to be able to check-in.

5. PROCEDURE
▪ When it's time for an examination, an MRI technologist or nurse will
take the affected person and guardian into the room that contains the
MRI machine or "radiography machine."
▪ The MRI machine seems to be like a big ring that has a socket in the
middle. The machine has a padded table (sometimes called a bed) that
slides out and in of the tube. The affected person lies on the table for
the scan and should stay still during the MRI scan.

6. PROCEDURE
▪ Movement during the test will distort the resulting picture, and the
examination will need to be repeated. A pediatric life specialist can
train sufferers in relaxation techniques. Patients may also listen to
music or watch a film with particular glasses. Patients who've difficulty
maintaining stability could also be sedated so that they'll calm down
or fall asleep during the procedure.
▪ The MRI scan doesn't cause any pain, and the affected person doesn't
really feel the magnetic field or radio waves. But the scan makes lots
of noise. Patients shall be given earplugs or headphones to block out
noise and protect their listening to.

7. PROCEDURE
▪ During the examination, the technologist will move to an adjacent room and
have the ability to see, hear and discuss to the affected person. The affected
person can talk with the technologist through a two-way intercom system.
Each children's centre has completely different policies, but normally one
parent is allowed to stay in the next room with the technologist.
▪ A typical MRI takes 20 to 90 minutes, depending on which a part of the body
is being imaged.
▪ After radiography, sufferers can resume their normal activities if analgesia has
not yet been introduced. Patients who've received a sedative will need to
regain consciousness first.

9. Indicator material
▪ In some instances, people will receive a
brightener to help the MRI pictures appear
clearer and brighter. The marker is
injected through an IV. If the affected
person doesn't have an intravenous line or
an outlet, the nurse will install it.
▪ Usually, a brightener called gadolinium is
used during an MRI. Gadolinium shouldn't
be given to sufferers who're pregnant,
have previously experienced an allergic
reaction to this substance, or who's
extreme kidney disease.

10. Indicator material
▪ Parents also need to inform the medical staff if the affected person
has a history of heart illness, bronchial asthma, diabetes or thyroid
issues. Some people could feel a temporary metallic taste in their
mouth after the indicating substance is injected.
▪ A small number of people develop side effects from the indicating
substance, including nausea and pain. In very rare instances,
sufferers become allergic to the indicating substance and have
reactions of hives, itchy eyes, or different reactions. In this case, a
radiologist or other physician will be available to provide immediate
assistance.

11. Magnetic resonance imaging of the
abdomen and pelvis together
▪ If the physician schedules an MRI of the abdomen and pelvis, the
affected person could receive a drug called hyoscyamine (Levsin)
intravenously (intravenously). This medicine will reduce bowel
movement during an MRI and help make the MRI picture clearer.
▪ Possible side effects of hyoscyamine (Levsin) include red skin,
increased heart rate, delicate stomach pain and constipation. These
side effects are normally minor. Patients won't receive hyoscyamine
(Levsin) if they've certain medical conditions or if they are taking a
drug that increases the chance of a bad reaction.

12. How to prepare for an MRI scan
▪ If sufferers are to be sedated, they shouldn't have any meals or drink
for several hours earlier than the examination. Patients and families
will receive particular instructions at their pediatric centre.
▪ Because of the strong magnet used for MRI, it needs to be patient
and parents (when present) should remove any metallic objects
before entering the MRI area.
▪ Before entering the affected person or parent into the MRI area, staff
will ask the parent to fill out an examination form that includes
questions on any metallic materials in the affected person’s body or
clothes.

13. How to prepare for an MRI scan
▪ It is preferable to wear clothes that don't contain metal fasteners,
zippers, or rivets. Parents should inform the medical staff of any
medical devices implanted in the affected person. Patients may
receive a hospital gown to wear.
▪ The father of pediatric cancer affected person gives his cell phone
to the MRI technologist after a metal detector scan.
▪ Anyone entering the MRI area must go through a metal detector
that's more sensitive than those found at most airports.

14. Items to remove include:
Handbag, pockets, cash clip, bank card, magnetic stripe playing cards
Electronic devices such as cell phones
Hearing enhancement devices
Metal jewellery, watches
Pens, paper clips, keys, coins
Hair clips, hairpins
Any item of clothes with zippers, buttons, clips, metal fasteners,
underwires, or metallic strings.
Shoes, belt buckles, fixing pins
Treatment patches

15. In most pediatric centres, anyone entering the MRI area should go
through a metal detector that's more sensitive than those at most
airports. If the detection device shows the presence of a metal object on
or inside the individual's body, that individual should remove the metal
object and undergo the examination again.
If the metal object cannot be removed, the individual shouldn't enter the
area until a qualified magnetic resonance safety professional determines
that the metal is "safe for use in the MRI environment."

16. Here are some subjects that may affect picture quality if
they are near the area being photographed:
The metal bar for the spine
Dishes, pins, nails, or metal mesh that may be used to fix a bone or joint
Joint replacement or artificial limbs
Metal ornaments, including those used for body piercing.
Some kinds of tattoos or tattooed eyeliners (there is also a possibility of
skin irritation or swelling)
Cosmetics, nail polish, or different beauty objects that contain a mineral
Dental fillings, braces and braces
Magnetic resonance imaging showing a metallic distortion caused by a
stent
Magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh bone showing a metallic
distortion

17. How do sufferers get the test results?
▪ A radiologist, a physician who has obtained particular training in
reading an MRI, will analyze the photographs and prepare a report for
presentation to the referring doctor. The referring doctor will share the
results of the examination during the affected person's next visit.
▪ Childhood cancer affected person in a full-body MRI setting with her
father and two MRI technicians.
▪ The MRI scan does not cause any pain, and the affected person does
not feel the magnetic field or radio waves.

18. MRI front view

19. THANK
YOU
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