BRAND EXTENSION OF
      MAGGI



                     GROUP 6
                        Avinash
                         Ranjith
                     Shushanta
                      Swaitlana
                       Thanmai
A BRIEF HISTORY


                                   •   The Company was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlé in
                                       Vevey, Switzerland
                                   •   Employs around 2,80,000 people
                                   •   Has factories or operations in almost every country in the world


The Indian Story
•   1912: Began trading as The Nestlé Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (Export) Limited, importing and
    selling finished products in the Indian market.
•   set up its first factory in 1961 at Moga, Punjab, where the Government wanted Nestlé to develop the milk
    economy
•   Manufactures         products      under    internationally   famous    brand    names       such    as
    NESCAFÉ, MAGGI, MILKYBAR, KIT KAT, BAR-ONE, MILKMAID, NESTEA ,NESTLÉ Milk, NESTLÉ SLIM
    Milk, NESTLÉ Dahi and NESTLÉ Jeera Raita


                               •   In India Maggi was launched in 1980s by Nestle group of companies
                               •   Maggi had merged with Nestle family in 1947.
                               •   The brand is popular in Australia, India, South Africa, Brazil, New
                                   Zealand, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Fiji and
                                   the Philippines
    Offerings under Maggi brand in India:
A POSITIVE OUTLOOK




                          Revenue %                                India’s food consumption grows at CAGR of 5.3% to
                                       Milk Products & Nutrition   reach $230 Bn in 2013
           14%
   14%                     44%         Prepared dishes & Cooking
                                       aids
                                       Chocolates &
         28%                           Confectionaries                    Increasing rural consumption of instant foods
                                       Beverages



                                                                             By constantly launching new products and
                                                                             leveraging the distribution network NIL has
                                                                             doubled its revenues by growing at CAGR
                                                                             of 20.6%




                                                                          Company enjoys high brand equity.
                                                                          Profitability growth at 25.1% CAGR




                                                                   Expected growth (CAGR CY11-13E) in prepared dishes
                                                                   & cooking aids (Maggi) to be 20.5% (volume growth of
                                                                   17%)


*Source: Research by ICICIdirect.com dated March 23, 2012
SHIFT IN LANDSCAPE

                                                            With the instant noodles market estimated at 1500 crore
                                                            (FY11) the total consumption is only 1500 million packs
                                                            (considering | 10/pack) thereby accounting a mere 1.3
                                                            packs/person per annum
                                                            With the segment growing at 20% p.a. and expected to
                                                            reach 3200~3500 crore by 2015 consumption would only
                                                            reach 2.7 packs/person per annum


                                                            In the last two years, many new players have entered the
                                                            noodles category like GSK’s Foodles, ITC’s Sunfeast Yippee
                                                            and HUL’s Knorr soupy noodles.


                                                            Simultaneously, most of the brands have been launched in
                                                            different variants like multi grain, masala and atta noodles.



                                                            A survey conducted by Nielsen shows that Maggi’s market
                                                            share has fallen by around 15 percent since the launch of
                                                            these new brands


                                                            Escalating competitive pressure could slightly trim NIL’s
                                                            volume growth (CAGR) to 17.0% and the price led growth to
                                                            3.0%,


                                                            Volume growth in CY11 has been 7.7% as against average
                                                            14.2% in the previous five years



                                                            Maggi brand is feeling a disconnect with the new
*Source: Research by ICICIdirect.com dated March 23, 2012   generation customers who now have more choices for
         www.valueresearchonline.com                        indulgence other than noodles
CURRENT BREAKFAST MARKET
  • There is a steady growth in the number of households
    adopting new breakfast categories at around 30% and the                                    Packaged breakfast market (Crores)
    penetration of breakfast cereals has doubled*                                  1600
  • Marketers estimate that this handsome growth rate will                         1400
    only increase, with key drivers being growing                                  1200
    affluence, double-income couples and increasing                                1000
                                                                                    800                                   Packaged breakfast
    acceptance of non-Indian foods.*                                                600                                   market (Crores)
  • Market for Oats was estimated at 150Cr in 2012. By                              400
    considering growth rate in the segment, by 2016 this                            200
    market can grow to 577Cr**                                                        0
                                                                                          2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016




     Strengths                                    Weaknesses
     Healthy                                      Requirement of steam / hot water
     Time saving                                  High distribution network required
     Portable                                     Perceived to be tasteless
     Flexibility in usage                                                                       Nestle to enter Oats market

     Opportunities
                                          SWOT
     Increasingly health conscious
     audience                                     Threats
     Microwave skeptics                           Low entry barriers
     Need for convenience food                    Highly established competitors
     Lesser number of players                     Current breakfast trends
Source: *Times of India report dated July 11,2011
         **Times of India report dated June 21,2012
FORAY INTO OATS MARKET



                                    The attributes of
                        PRODUCT
                                    the product




The pricing    PRICE
strategy




                                   The marketing
                       PROMOTION   strategies and what
                                   needs to be conveyed




Distribution
 techniques    PLACE
PRODUCT
As the initial market share would be low, Oats product
would be in the ‘question mark’ quadrant. As it gains                                           BCG Matrix : Nestle
popularity it is expected to move to ‘star’ or ‘cash cow’                    Nescafe                     Milo
quadrant




                                                                  High
                                                                             Cerelac                     Maggi Sauce
                                                                                                         Maggi Soup
                                                                                                         Kit-Kat
                                                                                                         Nestle Milk
                                                                                                         Oats

Objective: To identify the essential attributes and values
                                                                             Maggi Noodles               Nestea




                                                             Growth rate
that consumers look for in a breakfast product
                                                                                                         Milky Bar
Methodology: Conjoint analysis based on questionnaire




                                                               Low
                                                                                                         Munch
and ladder technique based on FGD


                                                                                         High                   Low
                                                                           Relative Market Share
CONJOINT ANALYSIS            LADDERING TECHNIQUE




                                             RESULT
   The product features: Brand name, Nutrition and Convenience
   Value to be delivered: Sense of belonging, Self esteem, Accomplishment and Responsibility
PRODUCT:CONJOINT ANALYSIS


                              Nutrition            Time to                Your
S /N    Brand       Form      Value (%    Taste    Cook (in    Price   Preference Each respondent is asked to rate the intent
                              of RDA)               mins)                Rating   to purchase based on the following
 1      Quaker     Snackbar     High      Sweet       0        High              parameters:
 2     Kelloggs    Porridge   Medium       Salty      5       Medium             • Brand Name (B)
 3     Britannia   Porridge     Low       Spicy       2        Low               • Nutrition (N)
 4      Saffola    Additive     High       Salty      5       Medium             • Form (F)
 5      Saffola    Porridge   Medium      Spicy       5        Low               • Taste (T)
                                                                                 • Convenience/Minutes to cook (M)
 6     Kelloggs    Snackbar     Low        Salty      0       Medium
                                                                                 • Price (P)
 7      Quaker     Porridge     High      Sweet       2        High
                                                                                 Base case:
 8     Britannia   Porridge     High      Sweet       5        High              • Brand – Kellogg's
 9      Quaker     Snackbar   Medium       Salty      0       Medium             • Nutrition- High
10     Kelloggs    Porridge     High      Sweet       5       Medium             • Form- Snack bar
11     Britannia   Snackbar     Low       Sweet       0        Low               • Taste- Sweet
12      Saffola    Porridge     Low        Salty      2        High              • Convenience- 0 min
13     Kelloggs    Additive     Low        Salty      2        Low               • Price- High (> Rs.130)
14      Quaker     Porridge   Medium      Sweet       5       Medium
15     Britannia   Additive     High      Spicy       2       Medium
16      Quaker     Snackbar   Medium      Spicy       0        High                 Rule of thumb for sample size
17     Kelloggs    Porridge     High       Salty      2        Low                  nta/c > 1000
18     Kelloggs    Snackbar   Medium      Sweet       0        High                       n : no: of respondents
19     Britannia   Porridge     High      Sweet       5       Medium                      t : no: of tasks
20      Quaker     Porridge   Medium       Salty      2       Medium                      a : no: of alternatives
21      Quaker     Snackbar     High      Spicy       0        Low
                                                                                          c : largest no: of level for one attribute
22     Britannia   Additive     Low        Salty      5        Low
Model Summary                                                                                     PRODUCT:CONJOINT ANALYSIS
Model        R       R Square        Adjusted R          Std. Error of
                                       Square            the Estimate
1            .952a        .928                 .698              .86753
a. Predictors: (Constant), Pl, Bs, M2, Bk, Fa, Nm, Tp, Nl, Pm,
M5, Ta, Bb                                                                                            Each respondent is asked to rate the intent
                                             ANOVAa                                                   to purchase based on the following
Model                         Sum of                df             Mean          F          Sig.      parameters:
                             Squares                              Square                              • Brand Name (B)
             Regression          67.177                   15          4.478      5.951      .018b     • Nutrition (N)
1            Residual                4.516                  6            .753                         • Form (F)
             Total               71.693                   21                                          • Taste (T)
a. Dependent Variable: Rat
                                                                                                      • Convenience/Minutes to cook (M)
b. Predictors: (Constant), Pl, Bs, M2, Bk, Fa, Nm, Tp, Nl, Pm, M5, Ta, Bb                             • Price (P)
                                                                                                      Base case:
                                        Coefficientsa
                                                                                                      • Brand – Kellogg's
Model                            Unstandardized                 Standardized      t          Sig.
                                                                                                      • Nutrition- High
                                     Coefficients               Coefficients
                                                                                                      • Form- Snack bar
                                 B            Std. Error           Beta
                                                                                                      • Taste- Sweet
             (Constant)          6.111                   .824                     7.419        .000
                                                                                                      • Convenience- 0 min
             Bk                  -1.076                  .868            -.397   -1.240        .048
                                                                                                      • Price- High (> Rs.130)
             Bb                  -1.027               1.120               .669    -.918        .383
             Bs                  -1.613               1.239              -.459   -1.302        .032
             Fa                  1.395                   .938             .446    1.486        .171
             Fp                  1.256                   .563             .195    1.067        .249                  Unstandardized
                                                                                                                                           Standardiz
                                                                                                                                               ed
                                                                                                                      Coefficients         Coefficient   t        Sig.
             Nm                      -.147               .821            -.257    -.179        .062                                             s
1                                                                                                                     B       Std. Error      Beta
             Nl                      .092                .994             .934       .093      .928     (Constant)    6.111       0.824                  7.419           0

                                                                                                        Bk           -1.076       0.868        -0.397     -1.24    0.048
             Ta                      -.831            1.012              -.139    -.821        .433     Bb           -1.027         1.12        0.669    -0.918    0.383
                                                                                                        Bs           -1.613       1.239        -0.459    -1.302    0.032
             Tp                      .292             1.056               .102       .277      .788     Fa            1.395       0.938         0.446    1.486     0.171
                                                                                                        Nm           -0.147       0.821        -0.257    -0.179    0.062
             M5                      .916             1.006               .965       .910      .386
             M2                      .486                .803             .188       .605      .056
             Pm                      .490                .890             .200       .551      .595
             Pl                      -.074               .981            -.029    -.075        .942
PRODUCT:LADDERING TECHNIQUE

•3 rounds of FGD with 10 respondents who indicate oats as their preferred breakfast
• Laddering technique used to elicit response from participants (Attribute->Consequence->Value)


         Sense of              Self Esteem                  Accomplishment:                       Responsibility
        Belonging                                            more from life


                                                                 Time for other
                                                                   activities


                                           Meeting
                                          Objectives
                         Self                                        Inc.                         Save Money
                     Satisfaction                                Concentration


                                                                            Stress Buster
             Relax                  More work

                                                   Good for body
          Saving time           Shortage of                              Satisfaction       Fun
                                   time

  Fast to cook       Convenience                       Healthy            Taste and                Affordable
                                                                           Variety
PRICING

•Price is not an important factor for products in this segment (breakfast) as understood from conjoint
analysis
•Pricing based on existing competitor’s offerings
PROMOTION

•   IMC to aim at overcoming the consumer perception about the negative correlation between taste and health
•   Focus on the values of accomplishment and self esteem which can be traced back to the attributes of health and
    convenience

                                                                 Television
                           • Ads which show the entire family consuming oats : children, parents and
                             grandparents
                           • Scope to show the different variants of the product, catering to different segments

                                                                   Print
                           • Ads in health magazines such as Health, Stay Fit, Diabetic Living etc



                                                                 Publicity
                           • Press conference depicting the dual health+taste benefit of oats
                           • Nestle’s history of expertise and innovation to be highlighted to create goodwill


                                                             Sales promotion
                           • Consumer franchise building promotions
                           • Sampling in schools, gymnasiums and retail stores (breakfast bars)


                                                             Place Advertising
                           • Point of purchase advertising in the form of attractive posters in stores
                           • In store strategies for effective product placements in retail outlets
PROMOTION

Social Media can be leveraged to build Word of Mouth publicity perceived as the most trusted source of
advertising


             Social media is becoming a huge part of our
             culture with Facebook fan pages, apps etc.


                  Customers now have more power to express their
                  opinion and share their experience with their
                  online social circles


                      Each one of your customer has a circle of 250
                      people – Thanks to the influence of social media



                           Special Occasion menus with oats on the
                           website or Facebook page – to attract first timers


                                Regular updating with special offerings and
                                promotions and sampling of new
                                product, detailed customer feedback & review
                                section
PLACE

•   Nestle ’s distribution channel to be leveraged
•   Can be introduced in tier one cities initially
•   Trade promotions in the form of financial incentives or discounts given to retailers, distributors, and
    other members of the trade to stock, display, and in other ways facilitate the sale of the product can
    be given to push retail sales
Maggi oats positioning

Maggi oats positioning

  • 1.
    BRAND EXTENSION OF MAGGI GROUP 6 Avinash Ranjith Shushanta Swaitlana Thanmai
  • 2.
    A BRIEF HISTORY • The Company was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlé in Vevey, Switzerland • Employs around 2,80,000 people • Has factories or operations in almost every country in the world The Indian Story • 1912: Began trading as The Nestlé Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (Export) Limited, importing and selling finished products in the Indian market. • set up its first factory in 1961 at Moga, Punjab, where the Government wanted Nestlé to develop the milk economy • Manufactures products under internationally famous brand names such as NESCAFÉ, MAGGI, MILKYBAR, KIT KAT, BAR-ONE, MILKMAID, NESTEA ,NESTLÉ Milk, NESTLÉ SLIM Milk, NESTLÉ Dahi and NESTLÉ Jeera Raita • In India Maggi was launched in 1980s by Nestle group of companies • Maggi had merged with Nestle family in 1947. • The brand is popular in Australia, India, South Africa, Brazil, New Zealand, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Fiji and the Philippines Offerings under Maggi brand in India:
  • 3.
    A POSITIVE OUTLOOK Revenue % India’s food consumption grows at CAGR of 5.3% to Milk Products & Nutrition reach $230 Bn in 2013 14% 14% 44% Prepared dishes & Cooking aids Chocolates & 28% Confectionaries Increasing rural consumption of instant foods Beverages By constantly launching new products and leveraging the distribution network NIL has doubled its revenues by growing at CAGR of 20.6% Company enjoys high brand equity. Profitability growth at 25.1% CAGR Expected growth (CAGR CY11-13E) in prepared dishes & cooking aids (Maggi) to be 20.5% (volume growth of 17%) *Source: Research by ICICIdirect.com dated March 23, 2012
  • 4.
    SHIFT IN LANDSCAPE With the instant noodles market estimated at 1500 crore (FY11) the total consumption is only 1500 million packs (considering | 10/pack) thereby accounting a mere 1.3 packs/person per annum With the segment growing at 20% p.a. and expected to reach 3200~3500 crore by 2015 consumption would only reach 2.7 packs/person per annum In the last two years, many new players have entered the noodles category like GSK’s Foodles, ITC’s Sunfeast Yippee and HUL’s Knorr soupy noodles. Simultaneously, most of the brands have been launched in different variants like multi grain, masala and atta noodles. A survey conducted by Nielsen shows that Maggi’s market share has fallen by around 15 percent since the launch of these new brands Escalating competitive pressure could slightly trim NIL’s volume growth (CAGR) to 17.0% and the price led growth to 3.0%, Volume growth in CY11 has been 7.7% as against average 14.2% in the previous five years Maggi brand is feeling a disconnect with the new *Source: Research by ICICIdirect.com dated March 23, 2012 generation customers who now have more choices for www.valueresearchonline.com indulgence other than noodles
  • 5.
    CURRENT BREAKFAST MARKET • There is a steady growth in the number of households adopting new breakfast categories at around 30% and the Packaged breakfast market (Crores) penetration of breakfast cereals has doubled* 1600 • Marketers estimate that this handsome growth rate will 1400 only increase, with key drivers being growing 1200 affluence, double-income couples and increasing 1000 800 Packaged breakfast acceptance of non-Indian foods.* 600 market (Crores) • Market for Oats was estimated at 150Cr in 2012. By 400 considering growth rate in the segment, by 2016 this 200 market can grow to 577Cr** 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Strengths Weaknesses Healthy Requirement of steam / hot water Time saving High distribution network required Portable Perceived to be tasteless Flexibility in usage Nestle to enter Oats market Opportunities SWOT Increasingly health conscious audience Threats Microwave skeptics Low entry barriers Need for convenience food Highly established competitors Lesser number of players Current breakfast trends Source: *Times of India report dated July 11,2011 **Times of India report dated June 21,2012
  • 6.
    FORAY INTO OATSMARKET The attributes of PRODUCT the product The pricing PRICE strategy The marketing PROMOTION strategies and what needs to be conveyed Distribution techniques PLACE
  • 7.
    PRODUCT As the initialmarket share would be low, Oats product would be in the ‘question mark’ quadrant. As it gains BCG Matrix : Nestle popularity it is expected to move to ‘star’ or ‘cash cow’ Nescafe Milo quadrant High Cerelac Maggi Sauce Maggi Soup Kit-Kat Nestle Milk Oats Objective: To identify the essential attributes and values Maggi Noodles Nestea Growth rate that consumers look for in a breakfast product Milky Bar Methodology: Conjoint analysis based on questionnaire Low Munch and ladder technique based on FGD High Low Relative Market Share CONJOINT ANALYSIS LADDERING TECHNIQUE RESULT The product features: Brand name, Nutrition and Convenience Value to be delivered: Sense of belonging, Self esteem, Accomplishment and Responsibility
  • 8.
    PRODUCT:CONJOINT ANALYSIS Nutrition Time to Your S /N Brand Form Value (% Taste Cook (in Price Preference Each respondent is asked to rate the intent of RDA) mins) Rating to purchase based on the following 1 Quaker Snackbar High Sweet 0 High parameters: 2 Kelloggs Porridge Medium Salty 5 Medium • Brand Name (B) 3 Britannia Porridge Low Spicy 2 Low • Nutrition (N) 4 Saffola Additive High Salty 5 Medium • Form (F) 5 Saffola Porridge Medium Spicy 5 Low • Taste (T) • Convenience/Minutes to cook (M) 6 Kelloggs Snackbar Low Salty 0 Medium • Price (P) 7 Quaker Porridge High Sweet 2 High Base case: 8 Britannia Porridge High Sweet 5 High • Brand – Kellogg's 9 Quaker Snackbar Medium Salty 0 Medium • Nutrition- High 10 Kelloggs Porridge High Sweet 5 Medium • Form- Snack bar 11 Britannia Snackbar Low Sweet 0 Low • Taste- Sweet 12 Saffola Porridge Low Salty 2 High • Convenience- 0 min 13 Kelloggs Additive Low Salty 2 Low • Price- High (> Rs.130) 14 Quaker Porridge Medium Sweet 5 Medium 15 Britannia Additive High Spicy 2 Medium 16 Quaker Snackbar Medium Spicy 0 High Rule of thumb for sample size 17 Kelloggs Porridge High Salty 2 Low nta/c > 1000 18 Kelloggs Snackbar Medium Sweet 0 High n : no: of respondents 19 Britannia Porridge High Sweet 5 Medium t : no: of tasks 20 Quaker Porridge Medium Salty 2 Medium a : no: of alternatives 21 Quaker Snackbar High Spicy 0 Low c : largest no: of level for one attribute 22 Britannia Additive Low Salty 5 Low
  • 9.
    Model Summary PRODUCT:CONJOINT ANALYSIS Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of Square the Estimate 1 .952a .928 .698 .86753 a. Predictors: (Constant), Pl, Bs, M2, Bk, Fa, Nm, Tp, Nl, Pm, M5, Ta, Bb Each respondent is asked to rate the intent ANOVAa to purchase based on the following Model Sum of df Mean F Sig. parameters: Squares Square • Brand Name (B) Regression 67.177 15 4.478 5.951 .018b • Nutrition (N) 1 Residual 4.516 6 .753 • Form (F) Total 71.693 21 • Taste (T) a. Dependent Variable: Rat • Convenience/Minutes to cook (M) b. Predictors: (Constant), Pl, Bs, M2, Bk, Fa, Nm, Tp, Nl, Pm, M5, Ta, Bb • Price (P) Base case: Coefficientsa • Brand – Kellogg's Model Unstandardized Standardized t Sig. • Nutrition- High Coefficients Coefficients • Form- Snack bar B Std. Error Beta • Taste- Sweet (Constant) 6.111 .824 7.419 .000 • Convenience- 0 min Bk -1.076 .868 -.397 -1.240 .048 • Price- High (> Rs.130) Bb -1.027 1.120 .669 -.918 .383 Bs -1.613 1.239 -.459 -1.302 .032 Fa 1.395 .938 .446 1.486 .171 Fp 1.256 .563 .195 1.067 .249 Unstandardized Standardiz ed Coefficients Coefficient t Sig. Nm -.147 .821 -.257 -.179 .062 s 1 B Std. Error Beta Nl .092 .994 .934 .093 .928 (Constant) 6.111 0.824 7.419 0 Bk -1.076 0.868 -0.397 -1.24 0.048 Ta -.831 1.012 -.139 -.821 .433 Bb -1.027 1.12 0.669 -0.918 0.383 Bs -1.613 1.239 -0.459 -1.302 0.032 Tp .292 1.056 .102 .277 .788 Fa 1.395 0.938 0.446 1.486 0.171 Nm -0.147 0.821 -0.257 -0.179 0.062 M5 .916 1.006 .965 .910 .386 M2 .486 .803 .188 .605 .056 Pm .490 .890 .200 .551 .595 Pl -.074 .981 -.029 -.075 .942
  • 10.
    PRODUCT:LADDERING TECHNIQUE •3 roundsof FGD with 10 respondents who indicate oats as their preferred breakfast • Laddering technique used to elicit response from participants (Attribute->Consequence->Value) Sense of Self Esteem Accomplishment: Responsibility Belonging more from life Time for other activities Meeting Objectives Self Inc. Save Money Satisfaction Concentration Stress Buster Relax More work Good for body Saving time Shortage of Satisfaction Fun time Fast to cook Convenience Healthy Taste and Affordable Variety
  • 11.
    PRICING •Price is notan important factor for products in this segment (breakfast) as understood from conjoint analysis •Pricing based on existing competitor’s offerings
  • 12.
    PROMOTION • IMC to aim at overcoming the consumer perception about the negative correlation between taste and health • Focus on the values of accomplishment and self esteem which can be traced back to the attributes of health and convenience Television • Ads which show the entire family consuming oats : children, parents and grandparents • Scope to show the different variants of the product, catering to different segments Print • Ads in health magazines such as Health, Stay Fit, Diabetic Living etc Publicity • Press conference depicting the dual health+taste benefit of oats • Nestle’s history of expertise and innovation to be highlighted to create goodwill Sales promotion • Consumer franchise building promotions • Sampling in schools, gymnasiums and retail stores (breakfast bars) Place Advertising • Point of purchase advertising in the form of attractive posters in stores • In store strategies for effective product placements in retail outlets
  • 13.
    PROMOTION Social Media canbe leveraged to build Word of Mouth publicity perceived as the most trusted source of advertising Social media is becoming a huge part of our culture with Facebook fan pages, apps etc. Customers now have more power to express their opinion and share their experience with their online social circles Each one of your customer has a circle of 250 people – Thanks to the influence of social media Special Occasion menus with oats on the website or Facebook page – to attract first timers Regular updating with special offerings and promotions and sampling of new product, detailed customer feedback & review section
  • 14.
    PLACE • Nestle ’s distribution channel to be leveraged • Can be introduced in tier one cities initially • Trade promotions in the form of financial incentives or discounts given to retailers, distributors, and other members of the trade to stock, display, and in other ways facilitate the sale of the product can be given to push retail sales