This document discusses macronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy. It defines macronutrients as nutrients needed in large amounts like energy, protein, fatty acids and carbohydrates. Inadequate intake of these can lead to undernutrition and deficiency syndromes. The document then examines the roles and risks of deficiencies in energy/protein/carbohydrates/fatty acids during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, low birth weight, unhealthy fetal development and impaired brain development in the embryo. Maintaining sufficient macronutrients is important for both maternal and fetal health outcomes.