Unemployment has negative impacts on long-run economic growth by wasting resources and limiting labor mobility. Balance of trade is influenced by exchange rates, which affects the supply and demand of a country's currency. Inflation decreases the value of currency, increases interest rates on loans, and decreases real returns on savings. Corruption is caused by factors like government size and lack of democracy and harms economic freedom and productivity. Poverty negatively impacts people's livelihoods through issues like hunger and lack of access to services and participation. Infrastructure disruptions hinder development and economic growth.

1. ECONOMICSISSUES
Unemployment:
When unemployment rates are high and steady,
run
-
there are negative impacts on the long
economic growth. Unemployment wastes
resources, generates redistributive pressures and
distortions, increases poverty, limits labor
mobility, and promotes social unrest and conflict.
Balance of trade/payment:
currency
influences
balance of trade
The
exchange rates through its effect on the supply
. When a
foreign exchange
and demand for
—
country's trade account does not net to zero
—
that is, when exports are not equal to imports
there is relatively more supply or demand for a
which influences the price of
country's currency,
that currency on the world market.
Inflation:
Inflation is a sustained rise in overall price levels.
Moderate inflation is associated with economic
growth, while high inflation can signal an

2. are three effects of
There
economy.
overheated
Decrease in the value of the dollar,
inflation:
Interest rate in loans.
Decreasing real returns on saving.
Corruption:
Corruption is a main threat in many countries
around the world. Therefore, the causes and
corruption are analyzed in
consequences of
Main causes for
.
various empirical studies
corruption are according to the studies (1) the
size and structure of governments, (2) the
democracy and the political system, (3) the
quality of institutions, (4) economic
ness of economy, (5) salaries of
freedom/open
civil service, (6) press freedom and judiciary, (7)
cultural determinants, (8) percentage of women in
the labor force and in parliament (9) colonial
heritage and (10) the endowment of natural
.
resources
Poverty:
entails more than the lack of income and
Poverty
productive resources to ensure sustainable
livelihoods. Its manifestations include hunger and
malnutrition, limited access to education and
other basic services, social discrimination and
ck of participation in
exclusion as well as the la
making. Various social groups bear
-
decision
.
disproportionate burden of poverty

3. Infrastructure:
When infrastructure are not operating properly,
the chain of product is disrupted .This disruption
omics
hinders development, which cause econ
deflects and, in turn, brings low standards of
living.
Price Instability:
Fundamentally, price stability preserves the integrity and
purchasing power of the nation's money. When prices
are stable, people can hold money for transactions and
other purposes without having to worry that inflation will
eat away at the real value of their money balance.
Currency Exchange:
Money laundering harms financial sector institutions
critical to economic growth. Money laundering promotes
crime and corruption that slows economic growth and
decreases productivity in the real sector economy.
Money laundering is a problem both in the world's major
financial markets both in emerging markets.
Debt Issue:
Growing debt also has a direct effect on the economic
opportunities available to every American. If high levels
of debt crowd out private investments in capital goods,
workers would have less to use in their jobs, which

4. would translate to lower productivity and, therefore,
lower wages.
Health Issue:
At a societal level, poor population health is associated
with lower savings rates, lower rates of return on capital,
and lower levels of domestic and foreign investment; all
of these factors can and do contribute to reductions in
economic growth.
Poor Standard of living:
Faster growth in gross domestic product (GDP) expands
the overall size of the economy and strengthens fiscal
conditions. Broadly shared growth in per capita GDP
increases the typical American's material standard of
living.
Education System:
Education tends to raise productivity and creativity, as
well as stimulate entrepreneurship and technological
breakthroughs. All of these factors lead to greater output
and economic growth.
Energy Crisis:
In short, energy is vital for running all the resources and
energy crisis directly influence all the sectors of

5. economy such as agriculture sector, industrial sector,
unemployment, poverty, lower GDP and higher inflation.
Climatechange:
The frequency and intensity of extreme weather, both in
the U.S. and in other countries, can damage factories,
supply chain operations and other infrastructure, and
disrupt transport. Drought will make water more
expensive, which will likely affect the cost of raw
materials and production.
Dependence on Agricultureproducts:
As agriculture grows rural incomes rise but not as fast
as incomes in the rapidly growing non- agricultural
economy, widening the rural-urban income disparity. ...
But as agriculture's share of GDP declines to about 15
percent, countries have shifted from taxing to
subsidizing agriculture.
Unskilled Labor:
Labor represents the human factor in producing the
goods and services of an economy. Finding enough
people with the right skills to meet increasing demand.
This often results in rising wages in some industry.
Ease of doing business:

6. There are several factors that are crucial to ease of
doing business, however, i will list few of them:
Good government policy.
Stable power supply.
Availability of raw materials.
Political stability.
Availability of labor.
Availability of land/space etc.
Poor monetary policies:
Monetary policy impacts the money supply in an
economy, which influences interest rates and the
inflation rate. It also impacts business expansion, net
exports, employment, the cost of debt, and the relative
cost of consumption versus saving—all of which directly
or indirectly impact aggregate demand.
Political Instability:
Political instability is likely to shorten policymakers'
horizons leading to sub- optimal short term
macroeconomic policies. It may also lead to a more
frequent switch of policies, creating volatility and thus,
negatively affecting macroeconomic performance.
Governance Issue:

7. Good governance at all levels is fundamental to
economic growth, political stability, and security — a key
factor for stability and security. Good governance leads
to improved economic benefits in a globalized world and
it accelerates economic transitions.
Research & Development:
The broader literature suggests that research and
development expenditure positively impacts total factor
productivity (TFP) by increasing output per worker.
However, there are few studies that look at the impact of
research and development on gross domestic product
(GDP) per capita.
EconomicGrowth:
As the country's GDP is increasing, it is more productive
which leads to more people being employed.
This increases the wealth of the country and its
population. Higher economic growth also leads to extra
tax income for government spending, which the
government can use to develop the economy.